Sociology & Society, GOT-HOL
The study of human societies is an important tool for the improvement of living conditions. It analyzes the innumerable factors that are the makeup of human behavior and that can cause social injustice, stratification, and societal disorder in the form of crime, deviance, and revolution. It helps to find the best possible solutions to issues such as economic inequality, race relations, and gender discrimination. The discipline of sociology has grown by leaps and bounds in the last century with the contribution of scholars from different schools of thought.
Sociology & Society Encyclopedia Articles By Title
gotra, system of identifying family ancestry or clans primarily in the Hindu society of India. A gotra traces back......
Olympe de Gouges was a French social reformer and writer who challenged conventional views on a number of matters,......
governance, patterns of rule or practices of governing. The study of governance generally approaches power as distinct......
- Introduction
- Resistance, Civil Society
- Public Management, Accountability, Efficiency
- Networks, Partnerships, Inclusion
- Global, Corporate, Political
- Rational Choice, Decision Making, Institutions
- Regulation, Theory, Compliance
- Public Policy, Regulation, Accountability
- Democracy, Representation, Accountability
- Democracy, Representation, Participation
Governor General’s Literary Awards, series of Canadian literary awards established in 1936 by the Canadian Authors......
Fritz Graebner was a German ethnologist who advanced the theory of the Kulturkreise, or culture complex, which......
Isabella Marshall Graham was a Scottish-American educator and philanthropist who was principal in founding one......
Jean III de Grailly, lord de Buch was a vassal in Gascony under King Edward III of England and his son Edward,......
Grammy Award, any of a series of awards presented annually in the United States by the National Academy of Recording......
Grammy Award for album of the year, award presented annually in the United States by the National Academy of Recording......
Grammy Award for best new artist, award presented annually in the United States by the National Academy of Recording......
Grammy Award for record of the year, award presented annually in the United States by the National Academy of Recording......
Grammy Award for song of the year, award presented annually in the United States by the National Academy of Recording......
Grand Army of the Republic (GAR), patriotic organization of American Civil War veterans who served in the Union......
grand duke, title of sovereign princes ranking between kings and dukes and of certain members of the Russian imperial......
grandee, a title of honour borne by the highest class of the Spanish nobility. The title appears first to have......
grandfather clause, statutory or constitutional device enacted by seven Southern states between 1895 and 1910 to......
Rebecca Gratz was an American philanthropist who was a proponent of Jewish education and a pioneer in establishing......
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere (GEACPS), during World War II (1939–45), the Japanese concept of a unified......
Greatest Generation, generation of Americans born between approximately 1901 and 1924, who came of age during the......
Greek Independence Day, national holiday celebrated annually in Greece on March 25, commemorating the start of......
Andrew Greeley was an American Roman Catholic priest, sociologist, educator, commentator, and author who devoted......
Joseph H. Greenberg was an American anthropologist and linguist specializing in African languages and in language......
St. Gregory the Great ; Western feast day, September 3 [formerly March 12, still observed in the East]) was the......
Sir Wilfred Grenfell was an English medical missionary who was the tireless benefactor of the people of Labrador.......
Sir George Abraham Grierson was an Irish linguistic language scholar and civil servant who from 1898 conducted......
Groundhog Day, in the United States and Canada, day (February 2) on which the emergence of the groundhog (woodchuck)......
group marriage, the marriage of several men with several women. As an institutionalized social practice, group......
Guardian Angels, nonprofit volunteer organization founded in New York City in 1979 by Curtis Sliwa to deter violent......
Daniel Guggenheim was an American industrialist and philanthropist who oversaw the expansion of his family’s vast......
Calouste Gulbenkian was a Turkish-born British financier, industrialist, and philanthropist. In 1911 he helped......
Ludwig Gumplowicz was a sociologist and legal philosopher who was known for his disbelief in the permanence of......
Guru Amar Das was the third Sikh Guru (1522–74), so named at the advanced age of 73. He is noted for his division......
Narayana Guru was an Indian social reformer, poet, and Hindu sage who led a movement against the Hindu caste system.......
Gustavus Adolphus Union, worldwide organization for the spreading of the Christian faith. It was founded by the......
Guy Fawkes Day, British observance, celebrated on November 5, commemorating the failure of the Gunpowder Plot of......
Thomas Guy was the founder of Guy’s Hospital, London. A bookseller from 1668, dealing largely in Bibles, Guy ultimately......
Horace, Baron Günzburg was a Russian businessman, philanthropist, and vigilant fighter for the rights of his Jewish......
Joseph, Baron Günzburg was a Jewish philanthropist, banker, and financier who contributed much to the industrialization......
Jürgen Habermas is the most important German philosopher of the second half of the 20th century. A highly influential......
Habitat for Humanity International (HFHI), Christian ministry that builds and renovates housing for families in......
Hadassah, American religious organization dedicated to preserving and promoting Jewish social and religious values......
Alfred Cort Haddon was one of the founders of modern British anthropology. Virtually the sole exponent of anthropology......
Horatio Hale was an American anthropologist, who made valuable linguistic and ethnographic studies of North American......
Tomáš Halik is a Czech Roman Catholic priest, sociologist, and author who advocated for religious tolerance and......
Halloween, a holiday observed annually on October 31 and noted for its pagan origins and its Christian roots as......
A. Irving Hallowell was a U.S. cultural anthropologist known for his work on the North American Indians, especially......
Halston was an American designer of elegant fashions with a streamlined look. He was widely considered the first......
Hamas, militant Palestinian nationalist and Islamist movement in the West Bank and Gaza Strip that is dedicated......
Hamas is a militant group in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank that was founded in 1987 at the beginning of the......
Han Feizi was the greatest of China’s Legalist philosophers. His essays on autocratic government so impressed Qin......
Hanseatic League, organization founded by north German towns and German merchant communities abroad to protect......
Jens Andersen Hansen was a journalist and politician, a leading 19th-century champion of Denmark’s peasantry. A......
Per Albin Hansson was a Social Democratic statesman who, as four-time premier of Sweden between 1932 and 1946,......
Hanukkah, Jewish festival that begins at sundown on Kislev 25 (usually in December, according to the Gregorian......
While now associated with costumes, trick-or-treating, and scary movies, Halloween wasn’t always a time of fun......
Haqqani network, Pashtun militant network based in eastern Afghanistan and northwest Pakistan. The Haqqani network......
harem, in Muslim countries, the part of a house set apart for the women of the family. The word ḥarīmī is used......
Anna M. Richardson Harkness was an American philanthropist, perhaps best remembered for establishing the Commonwealth......
Harlem Writers Guild, group of African American writers established in New York City in 1950 as the Harlem Writers......
Britannica celebrates the extraordinary courage of Harriet Tubman, who endured great hardship and danger to free......
Marvin Harris was an American anthropological historian and theoretician known for his work on cultural materialism.......
Haskala, a late 18th- and 19th-century intellectual movement among the Jews of central and eastern Europe that......
Reed Hastings is an American entrepreneur who was cofounder (1997) of Netflix, a media-streaming and video-rental......
Emil W. Haury was an American anthropologist and archaeologist who investigated the ancient Indian civilizations......
Akram al-Hawrani was a radical politician and populist leader who had a determining influence on the course of......
Hays Office, American organization that promulgated a moral code for films. In 1922, after a number of scandals......
Lafcadio Hearn was a writer, translator, and teacher who introduced the culture and literature of Japan to the......
Heisman Trophy, award given annually to the most outstanding college football player in the United States as determined......
henogamy, the custom by which one, and only one, member of a family is permitted to marry. The classic example......
Henry III was the duke of Bavaria (as Henry VI, 1027–41), duke of Swabia (as Henry I, 1038–45), German king (from......
Henry IV was the duke of Bavaria (as Henry VIII; 1055–61), German king (from 1054), and Holy Roman emperor (1084–1105/06),......
Henry Street Settlement, settlement house complex in New York City, founded in 1893 by American nurse and social......
Henry V was the German king (from 1099) and Holy Roman emperor (1111–25), last of the Salian dynasty. He restored......
Audrey Hepburn was a Belgian-born British actress known for her radiant beauty and style, her ability to project......
Heritage Day, Canadian holiday celebrating the country’s history and architecture. Heritage Day is not an official......
Heritage Foundation, American conservative public policy research organization, or think tank, based in Washington,......
Herophilus was an Alexandrian physician who was an early performer of public dissections on human cadavers, and......
Melville J. Herskovits was an American anthropologist noted for having opened up the study of the “New World Negro”......
heterarchy, form of management or rule in which any unit can govern or be governed by others, depending on circumstances,......
Abram Stevens Hewitt was an American industrialist, philanthropist, and politician who in 1886 defeated Henry George......
Thor Heyerdahl was a Norwegian ethnologist and adventurer who organized and led the famous Kon-Tiki (1947) and......
hidalgo, in Spain, a hereditary noble or, in the later Middle Ages and the modern era, a knight or member of the......
hierarchy, in the social sciences, a ranking of positions of authority, often associated with a chain of command......
Highlander Research and Education Center, American activist organization (founded 1932) that seeks social, economic,......
HIJOS, Argentine organization founded in 1995 to represent the children of persons who had been murdered, disappeared,......
Maurice, baron de Hirsch was a Jewish businessman noted for his extensive philanthropy. Born into a wealthy family,......
Travis Hirschi was an American criminologist known for his social-control perspective on juvenile delinquency and......
Hermann Hirt was a German linguist whose comprehensive Indogermanische Grammatik, 7 vol. (1921–37; “Indo-European......
historical geography, geographic study of a place or region at a specific time or period in the past, or the study......
Every October 31 millions of children and teenagers put on costumes and go door-to-door, shouting a familiar demand:......
This infographic highlights 10 Congresses that are notable in the history of women’s fight for equal representation......
Hitler Youth, organization set up by Adolf Hitler in 1933 for educating and training male youth in Nazi principles.......
Ho, tribal people of the state of Bihār in India, concentrated in the area of Kolhān on the lower Chota Nāgpur......
Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse was an English sociologist and philosopher who tried to reconcile liberalism with collectivism......
Halvor Hoel was a peasant agitator who influenced peasant opinion against Norway’s early 19th-century political......
William Hogarth was the first great English-born artist to attract admiration abroad, best known for his moral......
Hogmanay, New Year’s festival in Scotland and parts of northern England. The name is also used for the dole of......
holiday, (from “holy day”), originally, a day of dedication to religious observance; in modern times, a day of......
Holland-Dozier-Holland, American production and songwriting team that was credited with largely shaping the sound......
Thomas Holloway was a patent-medicine merchant and philanthropist. In 1837, he began to sell an ointment that carried......