Sociology & Society, CAL-COM
The study of human societies is an important tool for the improvement of living conditions. It analyzes the innumerable factors that are the makeup of human behavior and that can cause social injustice, stratification, and societal disorder in the form of crime, deviance, and revolution. It helps to find the best possible solutions to issues such as economic inequality, race relations, and gender discrimination. The discipline of sociology has grown by leaps and bounds in the last century with the contribution of scholars from different schools of thought.
Sociology & Society Encyclopedia Articles By Title
California Academy of Sciences (CAS), in San Francisco, oldest scientific institution in the western United States......
Campus Antiwar Network (CAN), college- and university-based antiwar organization in the United States that was......
Canada Day, the national holiday of Canada. It is celebrated with parades, displays of the flag, the singing of......
Canadian Football League (CFL), major Canadian professional gridiron football organization, formed in 1956 as the......
Canadian-American Challenge Cup, trophy of a series of automobile races that took place annually from 1966 to 1975......
Candace Owens is a right-wing commentator known for her inflammatory podcasts, videos, and social media posts.......
Richard Cantillon was an Irish economist and financier who wrote one of the earliest treatises on modern economics.......
Caran, Hindu caste of hereditary genealogists, bards, and storytellers located in Gujarat state in western India,......
Pierre Cardin was a French designer of clothes for women and also a pioneer in the design of high fashion for men.......
Henry C. Carey was an American economist and sociologist, often called the founder of the American school of economics,......
Andrew Carnegie was a Scottish-born American industrialist who led the enormous expansion of the American steel......
Sir Alexander Carr-Saunders was a sociologist, demographer, and educational administrator who, as vice chancellor......
Tomás Carrasquilla was a Colombian novelist and short-story writer who is best remembered for his realistic depiction......
Henri, Count Carton de Wiart was a statesman, jurist, and author who helped further governmental responsibility......
Alfonso Caso y Andrade was a Mexican archaeologist and government official who explored the early Oaxacan cultures......
Carlos Castaneda was a Peruvian-born anthropologist and writer who was considered a father of the New Age movement......
caste, any of the ranked, hereditary, endogamous social groups, often linked with occupation, that together constitute......
Américo Castro was a Spanish philologist and cultural historian who explored the distinctive cultural roots of......
Catholic Youth Organization (CYO), an agency of the Roman Catholic Church organized at the level of the diocese......
George Catlin was an American artist and author, whose paintings of Native American scenes constitute an invaluable......
Cato Institute, a private U.S.-based nonprofit organization devoted to public-policy research, founded in 1974.......
caṇḍāla, class of people in India generally considered to be outcastes and untouchables. According to the ancient......
2015 marks the 45th annual celebration of Earth Day, observed on April 22 in the United States and elsewhere around......
May is officially designated Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month in the United States, celebrating......
The month of June is nationally recognized as Caribbean American Heritage Month in the U.S. The year 2015 marks......
Millions of African Americans and other members of the African diaspora gather with family and friends each year......
Throughout the month of June, communities in the U.S. and many other nations hold events celebrating lesbian, gay,......
cenobitic monasticism, form of monasticism based on “life in common” (Greek koinobion), characterized by strict......
censorship, the changing or the suppression or prohibition of speech or writing that is deemed subversive of the......
census, an enumeration of people, houses, firms, or other important items in a country or region at a particular......
Center for Civil Liberties, Ukrainian organization that promotes democracy and civil society. The organization......
Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC), governmental regulating body for the Indian filmmaking industry. Popularly......
Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA), the oldest African American athletic conference in the United......
central-place theory, in geography, an element of location theory (q.v.) concerning the size and distribution of......
ceorl, the free peasant who formed the basis of society in Anglo-Saxon England. His free status was marked by his......
Cervantes Prize, literary award established in 1975 by the Spanish Ministry of Culture; the prize was first awarded......
Ceṭṭi, group of castes widespread in southern India, roughly corresponding to the Banias, a similar group of merchant......
Chamar, widespread caste in northern India whose hereditary occupation is tanning leather; the name is derived......
charisma, attribute of astonishing power and capacity ascribed to the person and personality of extraordinarily......
Charles I was the king of Great Britain and Ireland (1625–49), whose authoritarian rule and quarrels with Parliament......
Charles III was the king of Spain (1759–88) and king of Naples (as Charles VII, 1734–59), one of the “enlightened......
charter, a document granting certain specified rights, powers, privileges, or functions from the sovereign power......
chat room, virtual space in which Internet users engage in discussion with one another in real time, often about......
chevalier, (French: “horseman”), a French title originally equivalent to the English knight. Later the title chevalier......
Joseph Benedict Chifley was a statesman, prime minister of Australia from 1945 to 1949, and leader of the Australian......
Children’s Day, any of the various holidays in honor of children that are celebrated on different dates in countries......
Children’s Defense Fund, nonprofit agency that advocates for children’s rights. The Children’s Defense Fund pursues......
China Arms Control and Disarmament Association (CACDA), organization founded in Beijing in 2001 to promote arms......
Chinese New Year, annual 15-day festival in China and Chinese communities around the world that begins with the......
Caroline Chisholm was a British-born Australian philanthropist. Caroline Jones married an officer in the East India......
chivalry, the knightly class of feudal times. The primary sense of the term in Europe in the Middle Ages is “knights,”......
Christian and Missionary Alliance, Christian missionary and evangelistic organization, part of the Holiness movement......
Christian caste, in India, the social stratification that persists among Christians, based upon caste membership......
Christian Front, in American history, anti-Semitic and pro-Nazi organization active from about 1938 until the United......
Christmas, Christian festival celebrating the birth of Jesus. Since the early 20th century, Christmas has also......
Order of the Chrysanthemum, Japan’s highest and most exclusive order, established in 1877 by the Meiji emperor,......
Church Army, organization of lay evangelists within the Church of England, founded on the model of the Salvation......
Church Commissioners, in the Church of England, organization established by vote of the church’s national assembly......
Church Missionary Society (CMS), society founded in London in 1799 as the Society for Missions in Africa and the......
Churches Together in Britain and Ireland, interdenominational Christian cooperative organization formed in 1942......
Clementine Churchill was an English aristocrat and philanthropist and the wife of famed English statesman Winston......
Chuseok, Korean holiday celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month to commemorate the fall harvest and to......
chōnin, (Japanese: “townsman”), class of townsmen that emerged in Japan during the early years of the Tokugawa......
Society of the Cincinnati, hereditary, military, and patriotic organization formed in May 1783 by officers who......
Cinco de Mayo (”Fifth of May”) is a Mexican national holiday that celebrates the country’s victory over the French......
Cinco de Mayo, holiday celebrated on May 5 in parts of Mexico and the United States in honor of a military victory......
citizenship, relationship between an individual and a state to which the individual owes allegiance and in turn......
Citpāvan, caste of Brahmans in Konkan (the area of Goa) and Mahārāshtra state in western India. They rose to considerable......
city mission, Christian religious organization established to provide spiritual, physical, and social assistance......
civic engagement, broad set of practices and attitudes of involvement in social and political life that converge......
Civil Rights Congress (CRC), civil rights organization founded in Detroit in 1946 by William Patterson, a civil......
civil society, dense network of groups, communities, networks, and ties that stand between the individual and the......
civil union, legal recognition of the committed, marriagelike partnership of two individuals. Typically, the civil......
clan, kin group used as an organizational device in many traditional societies. Membership in a clan is traditionally......
Clapham Sect, group of evangelical Christians, prominent in England from about 1790 to 1830, who campaigned for......
class consciousness, the self-understanding of members of a social class. This modern sociological concept has......
clientship, in ancient Rome, the relationship between a man of wealth and influence (patron) and a free client;......
Marshall B. Clinard was an American sociologist and criminologist known for his research on the sociology of deviant......
Chelsea Clinton is an American author, educator, and philanthropist who was perhaps best known as the only child......
Code Pink, feminist antiwar organization founded in 2002 to protest U.S. military involvement in Afghanistan and......
R.H. Codrington was an Anglican priest and early anthropologist who made the first systematic study of Melanesian......
Albert Cohen was an American criminologist best known for his subcultural theory of delinquent gangs. In 1993,......
cohort analysis, method used in studies to describe an aggregate of individuals having in common a significant......
Fay-Cooper Cole was an American anthropologist who became an authority on the peoples and cultures of the Malay......
Johnnetta Cole is an anthropologist and educator who was the first African American woman president of Spelman......
James S. Coleman was an American sociologist, a pioneer in mathematical sociology whose studies strongly influenced......
College of Arms, corporation of the royal heralds of England and Wales. After the Court of Lord Lyon (the heraldic......
Coloman was the king of Hungary from 1095 who pursued expansionist policies and stabilized and improved the internal......
Columbus Day, in the United States, a holiday (originally observed on October 12; since 1971 observed on the second......
Columbus Day commemorates the landing of Italian-born navigator Christopher Columbus in the New World—i.e., the......
On October 12, 1492, the Italian explorer Christopher Columbus landed on a small island in the Caribbean, which......
Committee for the Defense of Legitimate Rights, Sunnite Muslim group opposed to the ruling Saud dynasty in Saudi......
common good, that which benefits society as a whole, in contrast to the private good of individuals and sections......
common-law marriage, marriage undertaken without either a civil or religious ceremony. In a common-law marriage,......
Barry Commoner was an American biologist and educator. He studied at Harvard University and taught at Washington......
Commonwealth, a free association of sovereign states comprising the United Kingdom and a number of its former dependencies......
Commonwealth Book Prize, any of the annual literary prizes awarded from 1987 to 2013 by the Commonwealth Foundation,......
commune, Group of people living together who hold property in common and live according to a set of principles......
community organizing, method of engaging and empowering people with the purpose of increasing the influence of......
Order of the Companions of Honour, British honorary institution founded in 1917 by King George V. The only rank......