Sociology & Society, AME-BE
The study of human societies is an important tool for the improvement of living conditions. It analyzes the innumerable factors that are the makeup of human behavior and that can cause social injustice, stratification, and societal disorder in the form of crime, deviance, and revolution. It helps to find the best possible solutions to issues such as economic inequality, race relations, and gender discrimination. The discipline of sociology has grown by leaps and bounds in the last century with the contribution of scholars from different schools of thought.
Sociology & Society Encyclopedia Articles By Title
The American Israel Public Affairs Committee, commonly known by the acronym AIPAC, is an influential pro-Israel......
American Missionary Association (AMA), nondenominational society that worked to develop educational opportunities......
American Red Cross, U.S. humanitarian and disaster-relief organization, a national affiliate of the International......
Following in the footsteps of every U.S. president since Franklin D. Roosevelt, on February 29, 2016, Pres. Barack......
From the colonial era on, the United States has had a rich array of self-contained utopian communities, walled......
American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA), American political organization that worked from 1869 to 1890 to gain......
Americanization, in the early 20th century, activities that were designed to prepare foreign-born residents of......
Americans for Democratic Action (ADA), a liberal independent political organization in the United States. It was......
The core of the American hippie movement during the 1960s and ’70s were twentysomethings who belonged to what demographers......
America’s Cup, one of the oldest and best-known trophies in international sailing yacht competition. It was first......
St. José de Anchieta ; beatified June 22, 1980; canonized April 3, 2014; feast day June 9) was a Spanish Jesuit......
Andrew Of Lonjumel was a French Dominican friar who, as an ambassador of Louis IX (St. Louis) of France, led a......
Robert Cooley Angell was an American sociologist known for his studies of individuals interacting in social groups......
animal rights, moral or legal entitlements attributed to nonhuman animals, usually because of the complexity of......
Walter H. Annenberg was a publisher, philanthropist, and art collector who served as the U.S. ambassador to Britain......
anomie, in societies or individuals, a condition of instability resulting from a breakdown of standards and values......
anthropological linguistics, study of the relationship between language and culture; it usually refers to work......
anthropology, “the science of humanity,” which studies human beings in aspects ranging from the biology and evolutionary......
- Introduction
- Cultural, Biological, Archaeology
- Culture, Society, Human Behavior
- Cultural, Biological, Archaeology
- Cultural Change, Adaptation, Evolution
- Culture, Society, Human Behavior
- Language, Culture, Society
- Archaeology, Culture, Evolution
- Primatology, Evolution, Behavior
- Cultural, Biological, Archaeology
- Cultural, Physical, Archaeology
- Cultural, Archaeological, Biological
- Education, Culture, Society
- Urban Studies, Culture, Society
- Political, Legal, Culture
- Ecology, Environment, Culture
- Applied, Cultural, Social
- Ethnomusicology, Culture, Society
anthropometry, the systematic collection and correlation of measurements of the human body. Now one of the principal......
anthrozoology, study of the interactions and relationships between human and nonhuman animals. Anthrozoology spans......
Anti-Corn Law League, British organization founded in 1839, devoted to fighting England’s Corn Laws, regulations......
Anti-Saloon League, the leading organization lobbying for prohibition in the United States in the early 20th century.......
Severino Antinori is an Italian gynecologist and embryologist who championed the use of in vitro fertilization......
Antiochus IV Epiphanes was the Seleucid king of the Hellenistic Syrian kingdom who reigned from 175 to 164 bce.......
ANZAC Day, in Australia and New Zealand, holiday (April 25) that commemorates the landing in 1915, during World......
apartheid, policy that governed relations between South Africa’s white minority and nonwhite majority for much......
April Fools’ Day, in most countries the first day of April. It received its name from the custom of playing practical......
Arab Feminist Union (AFU), transnational organization of feminist associations from Arab countries, which first......
Arab League, regional organization of Arab states in the Middle East and parts of Africa, formed in Cairo on March......
Arbor Day, holiday observed in many countries by planting trees. It was first proposed in the 19th century by J.......
archaeology, the scientific study of the material remains of past human life and activities. These include human......
archduke, a title, proper in modern times for members of the house of Habsburg. The title of archduke Palatine......
Germán Arciniegas was a Colombian historian, essayist, diplomat, and statesman whose long career in journalism......
Area 51, secret U.S. Air Force military installation located at Groom Lake in southern Nevada. It is administered......
Alcides Arguedas was a Bolivian novelist, journalist, sociologist, historian, and diplomat whose sociological and......
José María Arguedas was a Peruvian novelist, short-story writer, and ethnologist whose writings capture the contrasts......
aristocracy, government by a relatively small privileged class or by a minority consisting of those presumed to......
Armed Forces Day, public holiday observed in Egypt on October 6, celebrating the day in 1973 when combined Egyptian......
Armistice Day, international holiday observed each year on November 11 to commemorate the end of World War I. The......
Bernard Arnault is a French businessman best known as the chairman and CEO of the French conglomerate LVMH Moët......
Matthew Arnold was an English Victorian poet and literary and social critic, noted especially for his classical......
Raymond Aron was a French sociologist, historian, and political commentator known for his skepticism of ideological......
art and cultural property repatriation, the return of art or other cultural objects to their country or culture......
Artaxerxes II was an Achaemenid king of Persia who reigned during the late 5th and early 4th centuries BC. He was......
the arts, modes of expression that use skill or imagination in the creation of aesthetic objects, environments,......
Aryan Nations, prominent Christian Identity-based hate group founded in the United States in the 1970s. In the......
ASCAP, American organization, established in 1914, that was the first such body formed to protect the rights of......
ASEAN, international organization established by the governments of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore,......
Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month, monthlong commemoration of the history and achievements of......
Asian Women United (AWU), American organization dedicated to reflecting and shaping public perceptions of Asian......
Asiatic Society of Bengal, scholarly society founded on Jan. 15, 1784, by Sir William Jones, a British lawyer and......
On November 22, 1963, U.S. Pres. John F. Kennedy was shot and killed in Dallas, Texas, while being driven through......
assimilation, in anthropology and sociology, the process whereby individuals or groups of differing ethnic heritage......
Associated Universities, Inc. (AUI), group of U.S. universities that administers the operation of two federally......
Brooke Russell Astor was an American socialite, philanthropist, and writer, who employed her position, wealth,......
John Jacob Astor was a fur magnate and founder of a renowned family of Anglo-American capitalists, business leaders,......
Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC), American collegiate athletic organization formed in 1953 as an offshoot of the......
David Attenborough is an English broadcaster, writer, and naturalist noted for his innovative educational television......
audism, belief that the ability to hear makes one superior to those with hearing loss. Those who support this perspective......
National Audubon Society, U.S. organization dedicated to conserving and restoring natural ecosystems. Founded in......
Australia Day, holiday (January 26) honouring the establishment of the first permanent European settlement on the......
Australian Patriotic Association (APA), (1835–42), group of influential Australians of New South Wales that sought......
authority, the exercise of legitimate influence by one social actor over another. There are many ways in which......
Richard Avedon was one of the leading mid-20th-century photographers, noted for his portraits and fashion photographs.......
Samuel Putnam Avery was an artist, connoisseur, art dealer, and philanthropist best remembered for his patronage......
avoidance relationship, in human societies, the institutionalized, formal avoidance of one individual by another.......
avunculate, relationship between a man and his sister’s children, particularly her sons, that prevails in many......
baby boomer, member of the generation of people born during the surge in births in the United States and other......
John Bachman was a naturalist and Lutheran minister who helped write the text of works on North American birds......
Johann Jakob Bachofen was a Swiss jurist and early anthropological writer whose book Das Mutterrecht (1861; “Mother......
Karl Ernst von Baer was a Prussian-Estonian embryologist who discovered the mammalian ovum and the notochord and......
BAFTA, colloquial name for the prestigious award given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts......
George Fisher Baker was an American financier, bank president, and philanthropist who endowed the Graduate School......
Emily Greene Balch was an American sociologist, political scientist, economist, and pacifist, a leader of the women’s......
John Ballance was the prime minister of New Zealand (1891–93) who unified the Liberal Party, which held power for......
John Bampton was an English clergyman who gave his name to one of Protestant Christendom’s most distinguished lectureships,......
band, in anthropology, a notional type of human social organization consisting of a small number of people (usually......
Adolph Bandelier was a Swiss-American anthropologist, historian, and archaeologist who was among the first to study......
Bania, (from Sanskrit vāṇijya, “trade”), Indian caste consisting generally of moneylenders or merchants, found......
bank holiday, in the United Kingdom, any of several days designated as holidays by the Bank Holidays Act of 1871......
banneret, a European medieval knight privileged to display in the field a square banner (as distinct from the tapering......
banns of marriage, public legal notice made in a church proclaiming an intention of impending marriage with the......
Baptist Federation of Canada, cooperative agency for several Canadian Baptist groups, organized in 1944 in Saint......
Baptist Missionary Association of America, association of independent, conservative Baptist churches, organized......
Baptist Union of Great Britain, largest Baptist group in the British Isles, organized in 1891 as a union of the......
Baptist World Alliance (BWA), international advisory organization for Baptists, founded in 1905 in London. Its......
Kate Barnard was an Oklahoma welfare leader and the first woman to hold statewide elective office in the United......
baron, baron equivalentstitle of nobility, ranking below a viscount (or below a count in countries without viscounts).......
baronet, British hereditary dignity, first created by King James I of England in May 1611. The baronetage is not......
Paul Barth was a German philosopher and sociologist who considered society as an organization in which progress......
Roland Barthes was a French essayist and social and literary critic whose writings on semiotics, the formal study......
Vasily Vladimirovich Bartold was a Russian anthropologist who made valuable contributions to the study of the social......
William R. Bascom was an American anthropologist who was one of the first to do extensive fieldwork in West Africa.......
Adolf Bastian was an ethnologist who theorized that there is a general psychic unity of humankind that is responsible......
Bastille Day, national holiday in France and its overseas départements and territories, marking the anniversary......
Gregory Bateson was a British-born American anthropologist who greatly contributed to the field of cybernetics.......
The Most Honourable Order of the Bath, order of British knighthood established by King George I in 1725, conferred......
Jean Baudrillard was a French sociologist and cultural theorist whose theoretical ideas of “hyperreality” and “simulacrum”......
Zygmunt Bauman was a Polish-born sociologist who was one of the most influential intellectuals in Europe, known......
be, any of the hereditary occupational groups in early Japan (c. 5th–mid-7th century), established to provide specific......