Sociology & Society, WAC-WOR

The study of human societies is an important tool for the improvement of living conditions. It analyzes the innumerable factors that are the makeup of human behavior and that can cause social injustice, stratification, and societal disorder in the form of crime, deviance, and revolution. It helps to find the best possible solutions to issues such as economic inequality, race relations, and gender discrimination. The discipline of sociology has grown by leaps and bounds in the last century with the contribution of scholars from different schools of thought.
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Sociology & Society Encyclopedia Articles By Title

Wach, Joachim
Joachim Wach was a Protestant theologian and one of the foremost scholars in the modern study of religion. As a......
Waite, Morrison Remick
Morrison Remick Waite was the seventh chief justice of the United States (1874–88), who frequently spoke for the......
Wald, Lillian D.
Lillian D. Wald was an American nurse and social worker who founded the internationally known Henry Street Settlement......
Wales, prince of
prince of Wales, title reserved exclusively for the heir apparent to the British throne. It dates from 1301, when......
Walker, Madam C.J.
Madam C.J. Walker was an American businesswoman and philanthropist who was one of the first African American female......
Wallace, Anthony F.C.
Anthony F.C. Wallace was a Canadian-born American psychological anthropologist and historian known for his analysis......
Wallace, George
George Wallace was an American Democratic politician who was a four-time governor of Alabama (1963–67, 1971–79,......
Waller, Willard Walter
Willard Walter Waller was a U.S. sociologist and educator who did much to establish the fields of sociology of......
Wallis, Wilson D.
Wilson D. Wallis was an American anthropologist noted for his explorations of science and religion in small-scale......
Walpurgis Night
Walpurgis Night, a traditional holiday celebrated on April 30 in northern Europe and Scandinavia. In Sweden typical......
Walsingham, Sir Francis
Sir Francis Walsingham was an English statesman and diplomat who was the principal secretary (1573–90) to Queen......
Warburg family
Warburg family, a family whose members were eminent in banking, philanthropy, and scholarship. Presumably of Italian......
Ward, Lester Frank
Lester Frank Ward was an American sociologist who was instrumental in establishing sociology as an academic discipline......
Warner, W. Lloyd
W. Lloyd Warner was an influential American sociologist and anthropologist who was noted for his studies on class......
Was Dracula a Real Person?
Bram Stoker’s Dracula is popularly associated with Vlad the Impaler, and some scholars do believe that the literary......
Washburn, Margaret Floy
Margaret Floy Washburn was an American psychologist whose work at Vassar College in Poughkeepsie made it a leading......
Weber, Max
Max Weber was a German sociologist and political economist best known for his thesis of the “Protestant ethic,”......
Weidenreich, Franz
Franz Weidenreich was a German anatomist and physical anthropologist whose reconstruction of prehistoric human......
Weill, Sanford I.
Sanford I. Weill is an American financier and philanthropist whose company, Travelers Group, merged with Citicorp......
welfare state
welfare state, concept of government in which the state or a well-established network of social institutions plays......
Westboro Baptist Church
Westboro Baptist Church, church in Topeka, Kansas, that became well known for its strident opposition to homosexuality......
Westermann, Diedrich
Diedrich Westermann was a German scholar of African languages and culture who refined and extended the work of......
Westermarck, Edward
Edward Westermarck was a Finnish sociologist, philosopher, and anthropologist who denied the widely held view that......
Western European Union
Western European Union (WEU), former association (1955–2011) of 10 countries (Belgium, France, Germany, Greece,......
Western World
Western World, cultural-geographic descriptor generally referring to the countries of western Europe and nations......
Westernization
Westernization, the adoption of the practices and culture of western Europe by societies and countries in other......
What Did We Call America’s Elite Before the “1 Percent”?
Astor. Rockefeller. Kennedy. Bezos. In 2011 the Occupy Wall Street protest movement spread the term 1 percent in......
What is Bloomsday?
On June 16, 1904, Irish writer James Joyce had his first date with Nora Barnacle, a woman from western Ireland......
What Is Cultural Appropriation?
You hear about it on Twitter, in news headlines, and at Thanksgiving dinner. But what is cultural appropriation,......
What Is Intersectionality?
In the 2010s intersectionality became the rallying cry of many left-wing activists fighting for social justice.......
What Is the History of Juneteenth?
On January 1, 1863, in the midst of the Civil War, United States President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation......
What Is the Origin of the Term “Jim Crow”?
From the late 1870s until the triumphs of the civil rights movement in the 1950s and ’60s, regimented racial segregation......
What Is the Significance of the #OscarsSoWhite Hashtag?
Twitter user and activist April Reign first tweeted “#OscarsSoWhite they asked to touch my hair” on January 15,......
What the Stanford Prison Experiment Taught Us
In August of 1971, Dr. Philip G. Zimbardo of Stanford University in California conducted what is widely considered......
What’s the Difference Between Urban and Rural?
The primary difference between areas defined as urban (Latin: urbanus, “related to the city”) and rural (Latin:......
When did women start wearing pants?
In some cultures, pants have been common garments worn by women for centuries or millennia. This was not the case......
When Was the First Thanksgiving?
The first Thanksgiving is said to have taken place in 1621, when the English colonists (Pilgrims) of Plymouth,......
Where Did Halloween Originate?
Halloween is believed to have connections to the festival of Samhain celebrated among the Celts of ancient Ireland.......
Where Do Antisemitic Conspiracy Theories About the Rothschild Family Come From?
The Rothschild family is arguably the most famous European banking dynasty in modern history. In the late 18th......
Which Countries Have Had Women Leaders?
In 1893 New Zealand became the first country in the world to extend the right to vote to women. Dozens more would......
Which NBA Players Have Been Named Most Valuable Player?
After the conclusion of each NBA regular season, a group of 100 journalists and broadcasters votes to determine......
White Father
White Father, a Roman Catholic international missionary society of priests and brothers whose sole field of activity......
White Rose
White Rose, German anti-Nazi group formed in Munich in 1942. Unlike the conspirators of the July Plot (1944) or......
White, Leslie A.
Leslie A. White was an American anthropologist best known for his theories of the evolution of culture and for......
Whitney, John Hay
John Hay Whitney was an American multimillionaire and sportsman who had a multifaceted career as a publisher, financier,......
Who Has Won the Most Grammy Awards?
First presented in 1959, the Grammy Awards are widely regarded as the most prestigious prizes in the music industry.......
Who Votes for the Academy Awards?
After the glitzy red-carpet arrivals, the feel-good montages, and the host’s opening roast, the Oscars ceremony......
Who Was the First Woman to Run for President of the United States?
When Hillary Clinton, running as the first female presidential candidate of a major political party, won the popular......
Who Was the Woman Behind the Statue of Liberty?
The Statue of Liberty is one of the most iconic sculptures in the Western world and is often seen as a symbol of......
Who’s won the most Oscars?
First presented in 1929, the Academy Awards are among the most prestigious prizes in the film industry. Competition......
Why Are People from New Zealand Called Kiwis?
People from New Zealand are called “Kiwis” because of their unique and symbolic connection to the kiwi, a flightless......
Why Do Americans Celebrate the Fourth of July with Fireworks?
Fireworks have been part and parcel of U.S. Independence Day, the anniversary of the signing of the Declaration......
Why Do We Carve Pumpkins at Halloween?
The jack-o’-lantern has a long history with Halloween, although our favorite demonic faces haven’t always been......
Why Do We Celebrate Birthdays?
Annual celebrations and commemorations came about with the invention of the calendar. Not much is known about the......
Why Do We Celebrate Halloween?
Did you know that parts of Halloween may have been around for more than a thousand years? What began as serious......
Why Do We Celebrate Juneteenth?
Juneteenth (also known as Emancipation Day, Freedom Day, and Jubilee Day) commemorates the end of slavery in the......
Why Do We Eat Turkey on Thanksgiving?
As celebrated in the United States, the holiday of Thanksgiving usually revolves around a bountiful meal. Typical......
Why Do We Pardon Turkeys on Thanksgiving?
Thanksgiving is not a good time to be a turkey in the United States. But at least one of these otherwise hapless......
Why Have So Many World Leaders Married Their Cousins?
A crown. A ring. Your cousin. What else do you need for a royal wedding? At this point, the fact that so many royals......
Why Is Black History Month Celebrated in February?
“February is Black History Month.” Since the 1970s that familiar declaration has introduced countless celebrations......
Why Is it Illegal to Visit North Sentinel Island in India?
Along the Andaman and Nicobar Islands union territory in the Bay of Bengal in India lies a remote island called......
Why Is Labor Day Celebrated in September?
The origins of Labor Day can be traced to the labor movement of the late 19th century in the United States. There......
Why Is Pride Month Celebrated in June?
Colorful uplifting parades with floats and celebrities, joyous festivals, workshops, picnics, and parties are among......
Why Is St. Patrick’s Day Celebrated on March 17th?
St. Patrick’s Day is celebrated on March 17 because, according to legend, it marks the death of St. Patrick, the......
Why Is Thanksgiving in the U.S. Celebrated on a Thursday?
Thanksgiving is one of the most popular holidays in the United States, but formally establishing the day on which......
Why Is There an R in Mrs.?
If we pronounce the title Mrs. as “missus,” why is there an r in it? Despite its pronunciation, the abbreviation......
Why Is Women’s History Month Celebrated in March?
Each March, Americans celebrate National Women’s History Month: a chance to recognize women’s varied, and often......
Why Was Frederick Douglass’s Marriage to Helen Pitts Controversial?
On the morning of January 25, 1884, Jane Pitts woke up to newspaper headlines that her daughter Helen, without......
Why We Celebrate MLK Day
In the United States, Martin Luther King, Jr., Day is observed annually on the third Monday in January. The day......
Widener, Peter A.B.
Peter A.B. Widener was an American transportation magnate and philanthropist. The son of poor parents, Widener......
Wied-Neuwied, Maximilian, Prinz zu
Maximilian, prince zu Wied-Neuwied was a German aristocratic naturalist, ethnographer, and explorer whose observations......
Wilson, Godfrey
Godfrey Wilson was a British anthropologist and analyst of social change in Africa. In 1938 Wilson was appointed......
Wilson, William Julius
William Julius Wilson is an American sociologist whose views on race and urban poverty helped shape U.S. public......
Winkler Prins Encyclopedie
Winkler Prins Encyclopedie, the standard Dutch encyclopaedia, published by Elsevier in Amsterdam. The first edition......
Winners of the Nobel Prize for Economics
The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel was established in 1968 by the Bank......
Winter Holidays: Christmas, Hanukkah, Kwanzaa, and More
The turn of seasons from winter to spring (at least in the Northern Hemisphere) is celebrated with great zeal and......
Wintour, Anna
Anna Wintour is a British editor who, as the longtime editor in chief (1988– 2025) of American Vogue magazine,......
Wirth, Louis
Louis Wirth was an American sociologist who pioneered in the study of urban problems. A noted teacher at the University......
Wissler, Clark
Clark Wissler was an American anthropologist who developed the concept of culture area. Though educated as a psychologist......
Wittenmyer, Annie Turner
Annie Turner Wittenmyer was an American relief worker and reformer who helped supply medical aid and dietary assistance......
Wolfgang, Marvin
Marvin Wolfgang was an American criminologist who was described by the British Journal of Criminology as “the most......
Woman-Made: 10 Sculptors You Might Not Know
Beginning in the mid-19th century, there existed a successful and influential community of American women sculptors.......
Woman-Made: 13 Architects You Might Not Know
Throughout history, women have been interested and involved in architecture, yet in the 21st century it remains......
Women in the United States by the Numbers: 1920 Versus 2020
This infographic shows graphs that compare aspects of the lives of women in the United States over a century. Spotlight,......
Women in World War I: A Photo Gallery
Women have long played a vital role during wartime. In World War I (1914–18), however, their contributions grew......
Women Leaders: Notable Female Politicians in History
Women have long faced an uphill battle for gender equality in politics. Globally, only about one-third of countries......
Women’s Equality Day
Women’s Equality Day, annual event in the United States, observed on August 26 since its inception in 1971, marking......
Women’s Equity Action League
Women’s Equity Action League (WEAL), former national women’s organization committed to improving the status of......
Women’s Peace Society
Women’s Peace Society, interwar feminist and pacifist organization, active from 1919–33, that was focused on total......
Women’s Political Council
Women’s Political Council, organization that was established for African American professional women in Montgomery,......
Women’s Prize for Fiction
Women’s Prize for Fiction, English literary prize for women that was conceptualized in 1992 and instituted in 1996......
Women’s Social and Political Union
Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU), militant wing of the British woman suffrage movement. WSPU was founded......
Women’s World Cup
Women’s World Cup, international football (soccer) competition that determines the world champion among women’s......
World AIDS Day
World AIDS Day, annual observance aimed at raising awareness of AIDS and the spread of HIV. World AIDS Day occurs......
World AIDS Day
Since 1988, World AIDS Day has been observed every year on December 1. It was created by the World Health Organization......
World Athletics
World Athletics, organization of track-and-field federations representing more than 200 countries and territories.......
World Cancer Day
World Cancer Day, annual observance held on February 4 that is intended to increase global awareness of cancer.......
World Council of Churches
World Council of Churches (WCC), Christian ecumenical organization founded in 1948 in Amsterdam as “a fellowship......
World Cup
World Cup, in football (soccer), quadrennial tournament of men’s national teams that determines the sport’s world......
World Cup
World Cup, in golf, trophy awarded to the winner of an annual competition for two-man professional teams representing......

Sociology & Society Encyclopedia Articles By Title