Psychology & Mental Health, GUI-KLE
Although Sigmund Freud was once one of the most recognizable faces of psychology, this scientific discipline has developed significantly since the time of his predominance. Psychology has become an increasingly integrative science at the hub of diverse other disciplines, from biology and neurology to sociology, anthropology, and economics. At the same time, old sub-disciplinary boundaries within pyschology itself are now crossed more freely; interdisciplinary teams may work on a common problem using methods that draw on multiple levels of analysis, whether social, cognitive, or biological.
Psychology & Mental Health Encyclopedia Articles By Title
Joy Paul Guilford was an American psychologist and practitioner of psychophysics—the quantitative measurement of......
Edwin Ray Guthrie was an American psychologist who played a major role in the development of the contiguity theory......
habit, in psychology, any regularly repeated behaviour that requires little or no thought and is learned rather......
habituation, the waning of an animal’s behavioral response to a stimulus, as a result of a lack of reinforcement......
Thomas Chandler Haliburton was a Canadian writer best known as the creator of Sam Slick, a resourceful Yankee clock......
G. Stanley Hall was a psychologist who gave early impetus and direction to the development of psychology in the......
A. Irving Hallowell was a U.S. cultural anthropologist known for his work on the North American Indians, especially......
hallucination, the experience of perceiving objects or events that do not have an external source, such as hearing......
halo effect, error in reasoning in which an impression formed from a single trait or characteristic is allowed......
Hamilton’s rule, in ecology and sociobiology, mathematical formula devised by British naturalist and population......
Hanlon’s razor, adage attributed to American writer Robert J. Hanlon that states, “Never attribute to malice that......
happiness, in psychology, a state of emotional well-being that a person experiences either in a narrow sense, when......
David Hartley was an English physician and philosopher credited with the first formulation of the psychological......
hate speech, speech or expression that denigrates a person or persons on the basis of (alleged) membership in a......
psychological hedonism, in philosophical psychology, the view that all human action is ultimately motivated by......
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel was a German philosopher who developed a dialectical scheme that emphasized the progress......
Sir Nevile Meyrick Henderson was a British ambassador in Berlin (1937–39) who was closely associated with Prime......
Ewald Hering was a German physiologist and psychologist whose chief work concerned the physiology of colour perception.......
hetaira, one of a class of professional independent courtesans of ancient Greece who, besides developing physical......
E. Mavis Hetherington was a Canadian-born developmental psychologist best known for her work on the effects of......
heuristic, in cognitive psychology, a process of intuitive judgment, operating under conditions of uncertainty,......
hindsight bias, the tendency, upon learning an outcome of an event—such as an experiment, a sporting event, a military......
Geoffrey Hinton is a British-Canadian cognitive psychologist and computer scientist known as the “godfather of......
The Hite Report, publication by feminist Shere Hite in 1976 that, while flawed in its handling of statistics, challenged......
Sir Samuel Hoare, 2nd Baronet was a British statesman who was a chief architect of the Government of India Act......
hoax, a falsehood generally intended to fool and to entertain. A hoax is often a parody of some occurrence or a......
Edwin B. Holt was an American psychologist and philosopher noted for his emphasis on the purposive character of......
homosexuality, sexual interest in and attraction to members of one’s own sex. The term gay is frequently used as......
hope, in Christian thought, one of the three theological virtues, the others being faith and charity (love). It......
Karen Horney was a German-born American psychoanalyst who, departing from some of the basic principles of Sigmund......
Carl I. Hovland was an American psychologist who pioneered the study of social communication and the modification......
On April 30, 1945, with the war lost and Soviet troops advancing, Adolf Hitler fatally shot himself in his underground......
On February 9, 1950, junior Wisconsin senator Joseph McCarthy delivered a speech in Wheeling, West Virginia, that......
Samuel Gridley Howe was an American physician, educator, and abolitionist as well as the founding director of the......
hubris, in ancient Athens, the intentional use of violence to humiliate or degrade. The word’s connotation changed......
Clark L. Hull was an American psychologist known for his experimental studies on learning and for his attempt to......
human behaviour, the potential and expressed capacity for physical, mental, and social activity during the phases......
- Introduction
- Cognitive Development, Piaget's Theory
- Decision Making, Cognitive Processes, Social Interactions
- Emotions, Development, Socialization
- Development, Childhood, Socialization
- Symbolic, Imitation, Ability
- Self-Concept, Identity, Development
- Adolescence, Development, Change
- Personality Traits, Development, & Motivation
- Personality, Socialization, Development
- Social Interaction, Psychology, Biology
humanistic psychology, a movement in psychology supporting the belief that humans, as individuals, are unique beings......
David Hume was a Scottish philosopher, historian, economist, and essayist known especially for his philosophical......
Joseph Hume was a British radical politician responsible for a number of social reforms. After making his fortune......
humor, communication in which the stimulus produces amusement. In all its many-splendored varieties, humor can......
humour, (from Latin “liquid,” or “fluid”), in early Western physiological theory, one of the four fluids of the......
Harriot Kezia Hunt was an American physician and reformer whose medical practice, though not sanctioned by a degree......
Edmund Husserl was a German philosopher, the founder of Phenomenology, a method for the description and analysis......
hypermasculinity, sociological term denoting exaggerated forms of masculinity, virility, and physicality. Scholars......
hypnosis, special psychological state with certain physiological attributes, resembling sleep only superficially......
id, in Freudian psychoanalytic theory, one of the three agencies of the human personality, along with the ego and......
idea, active, determining principle of a thing. The word, brought into English from the Greek eidos, was for some......
identity theory, in philosophy, one view of modern Materialism that asserts that mind and matter, however capable......
ideomotor effect, phenomenon in which an individual makes involuntary physical movements in response to ideas,......
idée reçue, an idea that is unexamined. The phrase is particularly associated with Gustave Flaubert, who in his......
illusion, a misrepresentation of a “real” sensory stimulus—that is, an interpretation that contradicts objective......
imitation, in psychology, the reproduction or performance of an act that is stimulated by the perception of a similar......
imprinting, in psychobiology, a form of learning in which a very young animal fixes its attention on the first......
incel, member of an online subculture of primarily heterosexual men who identify as being unable to have romantic......
incest, sexual relations between persons who, because of the nature of their kin relationships, are prohibited......
indeterminacy, in literature, the multiplicity of possible interpretations of given textual elements. The term......
individual psychology, body of theories of the Austrian psychiatrist Alfred Adler, who held that the main motives......
induction, in logic, method of reasoning from a part to a whole, from particulars to generals, or from the individual......
industrial-organizational psychology, application of concepts and methods from several subspecialties of the discipline......
infant and toddler development, the physical, emotional, behavioral, and mental growth of children from ages 0......
infant perception, process by which a human infant (age 0 to 12 months) gains awareness of and responds to external......
inhibition, in psychology, conscious or unconscious constraint or curtailment of a process or behaviour, especially......
inkblot test, any of a number of psychological tests in which a person is asked to interpret ambiguous patterns......
innate idea, in philosophy, an idea allegedly inborn in the human mind, as contrasted with those received or compiled......
innovation, the creation of a new way of doing something, whether the enterprise is concrete (e.g., the development......
insight, in learning theory, immediate and clear learning or understanding that takes place without overt trial-and-error......
institutionalization, process of developing or transforming rules and procedures that influence a set of human......
institutionalized bias, practices, scripts, or procedures that work to systematically give advantage to certain......
intellectual disability, any of several conditions characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning and impaired......
intelligence test, series of tasks designed to measure the capacity to make abstractions, to learn, and to deal......
human intelligence, mental quality that consists of the abilities to learn from experience, adapt to new situations,......
interactionism, in Cartesian philosophy and the philosophy of mind, those dualistic theories that hold that mind......
intimacy, the state of being intimate, which is marked by the consensual sharing of deeply personal information.......
introspection, (from Latin introspicere, “to look within”), the process of observing the operations of one’s own......
introvert and extravert, basic personality types according to the theories of the 20th-century Swiss psychiatrist......
intuition, in philosophy, the power of obtaining knowledge that cannot be acquired either by inference or observation,......
ipsative measurement, type of assessment used in personality questionnaires or attitude surveys in which the respondent......
IQ, (from “intelligence quotient”), a number used to express the relative intelligence of a person. It is one of......
Luce Irigaray is a French linguist, psychoanalyst, and feminist philosopher who examined the uses and misuses of......
Elisabeth Antoinette Irwin was an American educator, psychologist, and one of the leaders of the progressive education......
Born in 1903, four-year-old Herbert Graf witnessed the collapse of a horse who had been pulling a heavy cart. It......
Jean-Marc-Gaspard Itard was a French physician noted for his work with the deaf and with the “wild boy of Aveyron.”......
William James was an American philosopher and psychologist, a leader of the philosophical movement of pragmatism......
Pierre Janet was a French psychologist and neurologist influential in bringing about in France and the United States......
jauhar, historically, Indian rite of collective self-immolation, performed by the women, young children, and other......
Virginia E. Johnson was an American sex researcher and therapist who, with American gynecologist William H. Masters,......
Ernest Jones was a psychoanalyst and a key figure in the advancement of his profession in Britain. One of Sigmund......
Charles Hubbard Judd was a U.S. psychologist and exponent of the use of scientific methods in the study of educational......
Carl Jung was a Swiss psychologist and psychiatrist who founded analytic psychology, in some aspects a response......
Daniel Kahneman was an Israeli-born psychologist and a corecipient of the Nobel Prize for Economics in 2002 for......
Kali, in Hinduism, goddess of time, doomsday, and death, or the black goddess (the feminine form of Sanskrit kala,......
Eric Kandel is an Austrian-born American neurobiologist who, with Arvid Carlsson and Paul Greengard, was awarded......
Leo Kanner was an Austrian American psychiatrist referred to as the “father of child psychiatry” in the United......
Isaac Newton Kerlin was an American physician and administrator who was a strong proponent of institutionalizing......
kin selection, a type of natural selection that considers the role relatives play when evaluating the genetic fitness......
Kinsey scale, visual model used to describe one’s sexual orientation at a given time, based on responses to statements......
Thomas Story Kirkbride was an American psychiatrist and administrator best known for his influential ideas about......
Ludwig Klages was a German psychologist and philosopher, distinguished in the field of characterology. He was also......
George S. Klein was an American psychologist and psychoanalyst best known for his research in perception and psychoanalytic......