Psychology & Mental Health, BRO-DOU
Although Sigmund Freud was once one of the most recognizable faces of psychology, this scientific discipline has developed significantly since the time of his predominance. Psychology has become an increasingly integrative science at the hub of diverse other disciplines, from biology and neurology to sociology, anthropology, and economics. At the same time, old sub-disciplinary boundaries within pyschology itself are now crossed more freely; interdisciplinary teams may work on a common problem using methods that draw on multiple levels of analysis, whether social, cognitive, or biological.
Psychology & Mental Health Encyclopedia Articles By Title
brokerage, process in which individuals called brokers act as intermediaries between individuals or groups who......
Urie Bronfenbrenner was a Russian-born American psychologist best known for having developed human ecology theory......
Harry S. Broudy was a Polish-born American educational philosopher, best known as a spokesman for the classical......
Jerome Bruner was an American psychologist and educator who developed theories on perception, learning, memory,......
Ruth Jane Mack Brunswick was an American psychoanalyst, a student of Sigmund Freud whose work significantly explored......
bullying, intentional harm-doing or harassment that is directed toward vulnerable targets and typically repeated.......
Sir Cyril Burt was a British psychologist known for his development of factor analysis in psychological testing......
Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton, 1st Baronet was a British philanthropist and politician who, in 1822, succeeded William......
bystander effect, the inhibiting influence of the presence of others on a person’s willingness to help someone......
Karl Bühler was a German psychiatrist and psychologist who was known chiefly for his studies of the thought process.......
Mary Steichen Calderone was an American physician and writer who, as cofounder and head of the Sexuality Information......
Mary Whiton Calkins was a philosopher, psychologist, and educator, and the first American woman to attain distinction......
A friend jumps out at you when you’re turning a corner. Your heart starts pounding, and you gasp. “You scared me......
cancel culture, form of social ostracism in which individuals, groups, or institutions face public backlash—often......
Edward Cardwell, Viscount Cardwell was a British statesman who, as secretary of state for war (1868–74), was considered......
Leonard Carmichael was a U.S. psychologist and educator who, as secretary of the Smithsonian Institution from 1953......
Dale Carnegie was an American lecturer, author, and pioneer in the field of public speaking and the psychology......
Rosalynn Carter was an American first lady (1977–81)—the wife of Jimmy Carter, 39th president of the United States—and......
James McKeen Cattell was a U.S. psychologist who oriented U.S. psychology toward use of objective experimental......
Raymond B. Cattell was a British-born American psychologist, considered to be one of the world’s leading personality......
Albert Einstein’s profound array of achievements has made the word "Einstein" synonymous with genius. spotlight,......
celibacy, the state of being unmarried and, therefore, sexually abstinent, usually in association with the role......
Neville Chamberlain was the prime minister of the United Kingdom from May 28, 1937, to May 10, 1940, whose name......
child abuse, willful infliction of pain and suffering on children through physical, sexual, or emotional mistreatment.......
child development, the growth of perceptual, emotional, intellectual, and behavioral capabilities and functioning......
child mental health, the complete well-being and optimal development of a child in the emotional, behavioral, social,......
child pornography, in criminal law, any visual depiction of a minor (a person who has not reached the age of consent)......
child psychiatry, branch of medicine concerned with the study and treatment of mental, emotional, and behavioral......
child psychology, the study of the psychological processes of children and, specifically, how these processes differ......
cisgender, term used in reference to persons whose gender identity corresponds with their sex assigned at birth.......
clairvoyance, knowledge of information not necessarily known to any other person, not obtained by ordinary channels......
Édouard Claparède was a psychologist who conducted exploratory research in the fields of child psychology, educational......
Larry Clark is an American photographer and film director who was best known for his provocative works about teenagers,......
classical scholarship, the study, in all its aspects, of ancient Greece and Rome. In continental Europe the field......
- Introduction
- Grammar, Language, Study
- Byzantine Renaissance, Textual Criticism, Philology
- Latin, Philology, Textual Criticism
- Renaissance, Humanism, Texts
- Renaissance, Humanism, Europe
- Ancient Texts, Philology, & Criticism
- Textual Criticism, Ancient Manuscripts, Editing
- Archaeology, Art History, Classics
- 20th Century, Research, Analysis
Marshall B. Clinard was an American sociologist and criminologist known for his research on the sociology of deviant......
clinical psychology, branch of psychology concerned with the practical application of research methodologies and......
codependency, a psychological syndrome noted in partners or relatives of persons with alcohol or drug addiction.......
coercion, threat or use of punitive measures against states, groups, or individuals in order to force them to undertake......
cognition, the states and processes involved in knowing, which in their completeness include perception and judgment.......
cognitive bias, systematic errors in the way individuals reason about the world due to subjective perception of......
cognitive dissonance, the mental conflict that occurs when beliefs or assumptions are contradicted by new information.......
cognitive equilibrium, a state of balance between individuals’ mental schemata, or frameworks, and their environment.......
cognitive psychology, Branch of psychology devoted to the study of human cognition, particularly as it affects......
cognitive science, the interdisciplinary scientific investigation of the mind and intelligence. It encompasses......
collective behavior, the kinds of activities engaged in by sizable but loosely organized groups of people. Episodes......
collective unconscious, term introduced by psychiatrist Carl Jung to represent a form of the unconscious (that......
collective violence, violent form of collective behaviour engaged in by large numbers of people responding to a......
combination tone, in musical acoustics, faint tone produced in the inner ear by two simultaneously sounded musical......
James Comer is an American child psychiatrist and founder of the Comer School Development Program, a school reform......
communication, the exchange of meanings between individuals through a common system of symbols. This article treats......
community psychology, the study of human behaviour in its multiple ecological, historical, cultural, and sociopolitical......
comparative psychology, the study of similarities and differences in behavioral organization among living beings,......
comprehension, Act of or capacity for grasping with the intellect. The term is most often used in connection with......
concept, in the Analytic school of philosophy, the subject matter of philosophy, which philosophers of the Analytic......
concept formation, process by which a person learns to sort specific experiences into general rules or classes.......
Étienne Bonnot de Condillac was a philosopher, psychologist, logician, economist, and the leading advocate in France......
conditioning, in physiology, a behavioral process whereby a response becomes more frequent or more predictable......
confirmation bias, people’s tendency to process information by looking for, or interpreting, information that is......
conflict, in psychology, the arousal of two or more strong motives that cannot be solved together. A youngster,......
conformity, the process whereby people change their beliefs, attitudes, actions, or perceptions to more closely......
consciousness, a psychological condition defined by the English philosopher John Locke as “the perception of what......
conspiracy theory, an attempt to explain harmful or tragic events as the result of the actions of a small powerful......
construct, in psychology, a tool used to facilitate understanding of human behaviour. All sciences are built on......
consumer psychology, Branch of social psychology concerned with the market behaviour of consumers. Consumer psychologists......
theory of contiguity, psychological theory of learning which emphasizes that the only condition necessary for the......
Charles Horton Cooley was an American sociologist who employed a sociopsychological approach to the understanding......
creativity, the ability to make or otherwise bring into existence something new, whether a new solution to a problem,......
critical thinking, in educational theory, mode of cognition using deliberative reasoning and impartial scrutiny......
Critique of Pure Reason, foundational study of the nature and scope of human reason as it relates to metaphysics......
culture-and-personality studies, branch of cultural anthropology that seeks to determine the range of personality......
Nathanael Culverwel was an English empiricist philosopher who specialized in the application of reason to ethical......
In 1768, when Encyclopædia Britannica was first published, there was no telephone, let alone the Internet, to facilitate......
Édouard Daladier was a French politician who as premier signed the Munich Pact (Sept. 30, 1938), an agreement that......
Kamala Das was an Indian author who wrote openly and frankly about female sexual desire and the experience of being......
Donald Davidson was an American philosopher known for his strikingly original and unusually systematic treatments......
decision making, process and logic through which individuals arrive at a decision. Different models of decision......
deduction, in logic, a rigorous proof, or derivation, of one statement (the conclusion) from one or more statements......
defense mechanism, in psychoanalytic theory, any of a group of mental processes that enables the mind to reach......
deindividuation, phenomenon in which people engage in seemingly impulsive, deviant, and sometimes violent acts......
Karl Deisseroth is an American psychiatrist and bioengineer best known for his development of methods that revolutionized......
delay of gratification, the act of resisting an impulse to take an immediately available reward in the hope of......
Daniel C. Dennett was an American naturalist philosopher specializing in the philosophy of mind. He became a prominent......
depression, in psychology, a mood or emotional state that is marked by feelings of low self-worth or guilt and......
René Descartes was a French mathematician, scientist, and philosopher. Because he was one of the first to abandon......
developmental psychology, the branch of psychology concerned with the changes in cognitive, motivational, psychophysiological,......
deviance, in sociology, violation of social rules and conventions. French sociologist Émile Durkheim viewed deviance......
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), publication of the American Psychiatric Association......
Joseph McCarthy was a junior Republican senator from Wisconsin still in his first term when he delivered the incendiary......
differential psychology, branch of psychology that deals with individual and group differences in behaviour. Charles......
diffusion of innovations, model that attempts to describe how novel products, practices, or ideas are adopted by......
Dignāga was a Buddhist logician and author of the Pramāṇasamuccaya (“Compendium of the Means of True Knowledge”),......
discrimination, in psychology, the ability to perceive and respond to differences among stimuli. It is considered......
displacement activity, the performance by an animal of an act inappropriate for the stimulus or stimuli that evoked......
Dorothea Dix was an American educator, social reformer, and humanitarian whose devotion to the welfare of the mentally......
The answer is “probably.” Research has shown that many animals experience a sleep phase similar to humans known......
No, vaccines do not cause autism. This damaging claim became a controversial issue in 1998, when a paper published......
James Dobson was a child psychologist, a radio host, and the founder of Focus on the Family, a massive Evangelical......
One of the most tenacious myths in parenting is the so-called Mozart effect, which says that listening to music......
domestic violence, social and legal concept that, in the broadest sense, refers to any abuse—including physical,......
double-aspect theory, type of mind-body monism. According to double-aspect theory, the mental and the material......