Turkmenistan: Facts & Stats

Written and fact-checked by The Information Architects of Encyclopaedia Britannica

Last Updated: Dec 16, 2025

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Also Known As	Türkmenistan
Head Of State And Government	President: Serdar Berdymukhammedov
Capital	Ashgabat
Population	(2025 est.) 7,363,000
Form Of Government¹	republic with two legislative houses (Halk Maslahaty, or People’s Council [56²]; Mejlis, or Assembly [125])
Official Language	Turkmen
Official Religion	none
Official Name	Türkmenistan (Turkmenistan)
Total Area (Sq Km)	491,210
Total Area (Sq Mi)	189,656
Monetary Unit	(new) manat (TMT)³
Population Rank	(2025) 106
Population Projection 2030	6,160,000
Density: Persons Per Sq Mi	(2025) 38.8
Density: Persons Per Sq Km	(2025) 15
Urban-Rural Population	Urban: (2024) 54.5% • Rural: (2024) 44.5%
Life Expectancy At Birth	Male: (2022) 68.8 years • Female: (2022) 75 years
Literacy: Percentage Of Population Age 15 And Over Literate	Male: (2022) 99.9% • Female: (2022) 99.9%
Gni (U.S.$ ’000,000)	(2023) 59,682
Gni Per Capita (U.S.$)	(2019) 8,406
¹New constitution adopted on September 26, 2008.²Includes eight members elected from each province (welayet) and Ashgabat and eight members directly appointed by the president.³The manat was redenominated on January 1, 2009. As of this date 1 (new) manat (TMT) = 5,000 (old) manat (TMM).