Architecture, APS-BUR
Architecture is a sphere of art and design in which functionality and aesthetics can combine to produce visually stunning structures that manage to both catch the eye and serve a functional purpose. The expansive variety of architectural styles that have been employed throughout the ages underscores the fact that not every building need look the same, a principle that is readily apparent when comparing Gothic cathedrals with igloos or pagodas with cliff dwellings. Although architecture is commonly associated first and foremost with the design and construction of buildings, landscape architects may work with gardens, parks, and other planned outdoor areas, aiding in the development and decorative planning of such spaces.
Architecture Encyclopedia Articles By Title
apse, in architecture, a semicircular or polygonal termination to the choir, chancel, or aisle of a secular or......
Alejandro Aravena is a Chilean architect known for his socially conscious building projects that attempt to break......
Thomas Archer was a British architect and practitioner of what was, for England, an extraordinarily extravagant......
The Architects Collaborative (TAC), association of architects specializing in school buildings that was founded......
architecture, the art and technique of designing and building, as distinguished from the skills associated with......
- Introduction
- Gothic, Baroque, Modern
- Religious, Sacred, Temples
- Theatre Design, Acoustics, Performance
- Planning, Design, Construction
- Planning, Use, Design
- Design, Structures, Materials
- Brick, Masonry, Building
- Iron, Steel, Structures
- Design, Construction, Materials
- Post & Lintel
- Vaults, Structures, Design
- Framed Structures, Design, Construction
- Symbols, Function, Design
- Expression, Technique, Design
- Space, Mass, Design
- Scale, Proportion, Design
- Texture, Form, Space
- Mimetic, Ornamentation, Design
- Design, Function, Aesthetics
- Functionalism, Design, Structures
- Commodity, Firmness, Delight
- Utilitas, Function, Design
architrave, in Classical architecture, the lowest section of the entablature (horizontal member), immediately above......
archivolt, molding running around the face of an arch immediately above the opening. The architectural term is......
arena, central area of an amphitheatre...
Arnolfo di Cambio was an Italian sculptor and architect whose works embody the transition between the late Gothic......
Art Deco, movement in the decorative arts and architecture that originated in the 1910s and 1920s in western Europe......
Art Nouveau, style of art that flourished between about 1890 and 1910 throughout Europe and the United States.......
Egid Quirin Asam was a late Baroque architect whose work, often produced in collaboration with his brother Cosmas......
Ashur, ancient religious capital of Assyria, located on the west bank of the Tigris River in northern Iraq. The......
Gunnar Asplund was a Swedish architect whose work shows the historically important transition from Neoclassical......
Astrodome, the world’s first domed air-conditioned indoor stadium, built in Houston, Texas, in 1965 and arguably......
atrium, in architecture, an open central court originally of a Roman house and later of a Christian basilica. In......
auditorium, the part of a public building where an audience sits, as distinct from the stage, the area on which......
Iwan Baan is a Dutch architectural photographer who used unexpected perspectives and the presence of people and......
Tower of Babel, in biblical literature, structure built in the land of Shinar (Babylonia) some time after the Deluge.......
Baccio d’Agnolo was a wood-carver, sculptor, and architect who exerted an important influence on the Renaissance......
Henry Bacon was an American architect, best-known as the designer of the Lincoln Memorial, Washington, D.C. Bacon......
Badminton, village (parish), South Gloucestershire unitary authority, historic county of Gloucestershire, southwestern......
Bahāʾī temple, in the Bahāʾī faith, house of worship open to adherents of all religions. See mashriq...
Jacob B. Bakema was a Dutch architect who, in association with J.H. van den Broek, was particularly active in the......
Jerónimo de Balbás was a Spanish architect and sculptor who helped create Mexican Baroque architecture with his......
baldachin, in architecture, the canopy over an altar or tomb, supported on columns, especially when freestanding......
Balmoral Castle, private residence of the British sovereign, on the right bank of the River Dee, Aberdeenshire,......
Shigeru Ban is a Japanese architect who is known for his pioneering use of recycled paper in building construction......
Bank of China Tower, triangular glass skyscraper in Hong Kong, completed in 1989. It houses the Hong Kong headquarters......
baptistery, hall or chapel situated close to, or connected with, a church, in which the sacrament of baptism is......
Baroque architecture, architectural style originating in late 16th-century Italy and lasting in some regions, notably......
barracks, military housing facility, usually spoken of, or written of, in the plural. Though permanent buildings......
Luis Barragán was a Mexican engineer and architect whose serene and evocative houses, gardens, plazas, and fountains......
Sir Charles Barry was one of the architects of the Gothic Revival in England and chief architect of the British......
basilica, in the Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox churches, a canonical title of honour given to church buildings......
bastion, element of fortification that remained dominant for about 300 years before becoming obsolete in the 19th......
battlement, the parapet of a wall consisting of alternating low portions known as crenels, or crenelles (hence......
Bauhaus, school of design, architecture, and applied arts that existed in Germany from 1919 to 1933. It was based......
Herbert Bayer was an Austrian-American graphic artist, painter, and architect, influential in spreading European......
beehive house, primitive type of residence designed by enlarging a simple stone hemisphere, constructed out of......
Peter Behrens was an architect noted for his influential role in the development of modern architecture in Germany.......
Beijing National Stadium, stadium in Beijing that was designed by architecture firm Herzog & de Meuron and architect......
belfry, bell tower, either attached to a structure or freestanding. More specifically, it is the section of such......
Pietro Belluschi was a Modernist architect identified first with regional architecture of the American Northwest,......
Giovanni Battista Belzoni was an excavator of Egyptian archaeological sites. Originally planning to join a religious......
bema, (Greek bēma, “step”), raised platform; in antiquity it was probably made of stone, but in modern times it......
Benedetto da Maiano was an early Renaissance sculptor, whose work is characterized by its decorative elegance and......
Beni Hasan, Egyptian archaeological site from the Middle Kingdom (1938–c. 1630 bce), lying on the eastern bank......
Asher Benjamin was an American architect who was an early follower of Charles Bulfinch. His greatest influence......
Max Berg was an architect of the German Expressionist school noted for the huge reinforced concrete dome of his......
Hendrik Petrus Berlage was a Dutch architect whose work, characterized by a use of materials based on their fundamental......
Berlin Olympic Stadium, stadium built for the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin, part of a sport complex originally......
Gian Lorenzo Bernini was an Italian artist who was perhaps the greatest sculptor of the 17th century and an outstanding......
Alonso Berruguete was the most important Spanish sculptor of the Renaissance, known for his intensely emotional......
Louise Blanchard Bethune was the first professional woman architect in the United States. Louise Blanchard took......
John Betjeman was a British poet known for his nostalgia for the near past, his exact sense of place, and his precise......
Galli da Bibiena family, family of Italian scenic artists of the 17th and 18th centuries. The family took its name......
Big Ben, tower clock, famous for its accuracy and for its massive bell. Strictly speaking, the name refers to only......
Big Dig House, building in Lexington, Massachusetts, that was made from recycled materials used in the Big Dig......
Tatiana Bilbao is a Mexican architect whose innovative works often merge geometry with nature. She is committed......
Biltmore Estate, estate in Asheville, North Carolina, that was built in the late 1800s as the summer home of George......
Blackpool Tower, tourist attraction and regional landmark in the seaside resort town of Blackpool, Lancashire,......
Blenheim Palace, residence near Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England, built (1705–24) by the English Parliament as a......
block mill, Earliest mechanized factory for mass production. It was conceived by Samuel Bentham, with machinery......
Jacques-François Blondel was an architect best known for his teaching and writing, which contributed greatly to......
Lina Bo Bardi was an Italian-born Brazilian Modernist architect, industrial designer, historic preservationist,......
Germain Boffrand was a French architect noted for the great variety, quantity, and quality of his work. Boffrand......
Bohemian school, school of the visual arts that flourished in and around Prague under the patronage of Charles......
J. Max Bond, Jr. was an American architect and educator who is considered one of the nation’s foremost Black architects.......
Francesco Borromini was an Italian architect who was a chief formulator of Baroque architectural style. Borromini......
boss, in medieval architecture, keystone used in vaulting to provide a junction for intersecting ribs and to cover......
Abraham Bosse was a notable engraver, painter, and architect who was active during the Baroque period in France.......
Paul-Émile Botta was a French consul and archaeologist whose momentous discovery of the palace of the Assyrian......
Étienne-Louis Boullée was a French visionary architect, theorist, and teacher. Boullée wanted originally to be......
Marcel Boussac was a French industrialist and textile manufacturer whose introduction of colour into clothing ended......
Donato Bramante was an architect who introduced the High Renaissance style in architecture. His early works in......
Brandenburg Gate, the only remaining town gate of Berlin, Germany, standing at the western end of the avenue Unter......
brattishing, decorative architectural repeat motif applied to the top of a wall, screen, or roof. Widely used during......
Marcel Breuer was an architect and designer, one of the most-influential exponents of the International Style;......
Fritz A. Breuhaus was a German architect who specialized in interior design, particularly for transportation. Breuhaus......
Johannes Andreas Brinkman was a Dutch architect particularly noted for his role in the design of the van Nelle......
Broadlands, historic country estate situated on the River Test just south of the town of Romsey in Hampshire, England.......
J.H. van den Broek was a Dutch architect who, with Jacob B. Bakema, was especially associated with the post-World......
Salomon de Brosse was the most influential French architect of the early 17th century, whose works facilitated......
Lancelot Brown was the foremost English master of garden design, whose works were characterized by their natural,......
Libéral Bruant was the builder of the Hôtel des Invalides in Paris, a French architect noted for the gravity, dignity,......
Filippo Brunelleschi was an architect and engineer who was one of the pioneers of early Renaissance architecture......
Brutalism, term used to describe the architectural style that emerged in the mid-20th century, characterized by......
Erik Bryggman was an architect notable for his role in bringing modern functionalist architecture to Finland. Bryggman......
BT Tower, communications tower and landmark located west of the Bloomsbury district in the borough of Camden, London.......
Buckingham Palace, palace and London residence of the British sovereign. It is situated within the borough of Westminster.......
bucranium, decorative motif representing an ox killed in religious sacrifice. The motif originated in a ceremony......
Charles Bulfinch was the first American professional architect, who gained fame chiefly as a designer of government......
Jean Bullant was a dominant figure in French architecture during the period of the Wars of Religion (1562–98),......
bungalow, single-storied house with a sloping roof, usually small and often surrounded by a veranda. The name derives......
Gordon Bunshaft was an American architect and corecipient (with Oscar Niemeyer) of the prestigious Pritzker Prize......
Bernardo Buontalenti was a Florentine stage designer and theatre architect. Buontalenti entered the service of......
William Burges was one of England’s most notable Gothic Revival architects, a critic, and an arbiter of Victorian......
Burghley House, Tudor-era country house and estate located in Stamford, Lincolnshire, England. It was built by......
Burgundian Romanesque style, architectural and sculptural style (c. 1075–c. 1125) that emerged in the duchy of......