Architecture, TEP-WRI
Architecture is a sphere of art and design in which functionality and aesthetics can combine to produce visually stunning structures that manage to both catch the eye and serve a functional purpose. The expansive variety of architectural styles that have been employed throughout the ages underscores the fact that not every building need look the same, a principle that is readily apparent when comparing Gothic cathedrals with igloos or pagodas with cliff dwellings. Although architecture is commonly associated first and foremost with the design and construction of buildings, landscape architects may work with gardens, parks, and other planned outdoor areas, aiding in the development and decorative planning of such spaces.
Architecture Encyclopedia Articles By Title
tepee, conical tent most common to the North American Plains Indians. Although a number of Native American groups......
Nicodemus Tessin, the Elder was the most eminent Swedish architect of his period, whose principal work is the Drottningholm......
Nicodemus Tessin the Younger was a notable Swedish Baroque architect. The son of the architect Nicodemus Tessin......
The Gherkin, skyscraper in London that was designed by the architecture firm Foster and Partners and completed......
The Shard, skyscraper in London that was designed by architect Renzo Piano and completed in 2012. Piano took its......
theatre, in architecture, a building or space in which a performance may be given before an audience. The word......
- Introduction
- Acoustics, Design, Architecture
- Stage Design, Proscenium, Backdrops
- Asian Traditions, Architecture, Performance
- Japanese Architecture, Design, Performance
- Medieval, Architecture, Performance
- Staging, Conventions, Design
- Renaissance, Architecture, Design
- Staging, Design, Performance
- Elizabethan, Stage, Design
- Baroque, Staging, Design
- Technical Advances, Innovations, Evolution
- France, Spain, Developments
- Northern Europe, Design, Performance
- 19th Century, Design, Architecture
- German Romanticism, Naturalism
- Russian Imperial, Architecture, Performance
- American Design, Architecture, Performance
- Evolution, Production, Design
- Realism, Naturalism, Expressionism
- Appia, Craig, Influence
- Movement, Design, Architecture
- Reinhardt, Design, Architecture
- Architecture, Scenery, Performance
- Expressionist, Production, Aspects
- The influence of Piscator
- Russian Futurism, Suprematism
- Political Festivals
- American, Design, Architecture
- Modernization, Design, Architecture
- Grotowski, Polish, Laboratory
Mausoleum of Theodoric, tomb built c. 520 in Ravenna, Italy, by the Arian Ostrogothic emperor Theodoric. The lower......
Norway, by some estimates, is two-thirds mountainous, and about half of its population lives in the south of the......
William Thornton was a British-born American architect, inventor, and public official, best known as the creator......
Stanley Tigerman was a prominent American architect and activist best known for his work in Chicago. Tigerman studied......
Tino Di Camaino was a Sienese sculptor significant for his numerous sepulchral monuments. Tino was a follower,......
Tintern Abbey, ecclesiastical ruin in Monmouthshire, Wales, on the west bank of the River Wye. Founded for Cistercian......
If you were driving your shiny new Model T—with its 10-gallon tank—from San Francisco to Los Angeles, what were......
Just after midnight on December 22, 1989, workers punched a hole in the Brandenburg Gate. Once the first openings......
tokonoma, alcove in a Japanese room, used for the display of paintings, pottery, flower arrangements, and other......
Tokyo Sky Tree, broadcasting and telecommunications tower in Tokyo. At a height of 2,080 feet (634 metres), it......
Manuel Tolsá was a Spanish-born sculptor and architect who introduced Neoclassicism to New Spain (Mexico). Tolsá......
tomb, in the strictest sense, a home or house for the dead; the term is applied loosely to all kinds of graves,......
torana, Indian gateway, usually of stone, marking the entrance to a Buddhist shrine or stupa or to a Hindu temple.......
Pietro Torrigiani was a Florentine sculptor and painter who became the first exponent of the Italian Renaissance......
Eduardo Torroja was a Spanish architect and engineer notable as a pioneer in the design of concrete-shell structures.......
tower, any structure that is relatively tall in proportion to the dimensions of its base. It may be either freestanding......
tracery, in architecture, bars, or ribs, used decoratively in windows or other openings; the term also applies......
Transamerica Pyramid, skyscraper in San Francisco that was designed by architect William Pereira and completed......
transept, the area of a cruciform church lying at right angles to the principal axis. The bay at which the transept......
Trevi Fountain, fountain in Rome that is considered a late Baroque masterpiece and is arguably the best known of......
Tribune Tower, Gothic Revival 36-floor office building, located at 435 N. Michigan Ave., in downtown Chicago, which......
triforium, in architecture, space in a church above the nave arcade, below the clerestory, and extending over the......
trullo, conical, stone-roofed building unique to the regione of Puglia (Apulia) in southeastern Italy and especially......
Trump International Hotel and Tower Chicago, commercial and residential skyscraper located at 401 North Wabash......
Trump Tower, mixed-use skyscraper in Manhattan, New York, located on Fifth Avenue at East 56th Street. It opened......
Tudor style, type of British architecture, mainly domestic, that grafted Renaissance decorative elements onto the......
Tuileries Palace, French royal residence adjacent to the Louvre in Paris before it was destroyed by arson in 1871.......
Tuscan order, the simplest of the five orders of Classical Roman architecture, which were codified in the Renaissance.......
Tutankhamun was a king of ancient Egypt (reigned c. 1333–24 bce), known chiefly for his intact tomb, KV 62 (tomb......
türbe, form of mausoleum architecture developed by and popular among the Seljuq Turks in Iran (mid-11th to 13th......
Udaipur City Palace, beautiful, white palace complex built over a period of four centuries in Udaipur, Rajasthan,......
Unité d’Habitation, 18-story residential block in Marseille, France, that expressed Le Corbusier’s ideal of urban......
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, monumental grave of an unidentifiable military service member who died in wartime.......
Richard Upjohn was a British-American architect who was the most active exponent in his time of the Gothic Revival......
urban planning, design and regulation of the uses of space that focus on the physical form, economic functions,......
Jørn Utzon was a Danish architect best known for his dynamic, imaginative, but problematic design for the Sydney......
Mariana Alley Griswold Van Rensselaer was an American writer and critic who is perhaps best remembered for her......
Sir John Vanbrugh was a British architect who brought the English Baroque style to its culmination in Blenheim......
Luigi Vanvitelli was an Italian architect whose enormous Royal Palace at Caserta (1752–74) was one of the last......
Giorgio Vasari was an Italian painter, architect, and writer who is best known for his important biographies of......
Viktor Mikhaylovich Vasnetsov was a Russian artist, designer, and architect whose monumental works include the......
Vatican Palace, papal residence in Vatican City north of St. Peter’s Basilica. A major site of tourism, the lavish......
Vaux-le-Vicomte, château near Melun, France, designed in 1656 by Louis Le Vau for Nicolas Fouquet, who was finance......
Palazzo Vecchio, most important historic government building in Florence, having been the seat of the Signoria......
Henry van de Velde was a Belgian architect and teacher who ranks with his compatriot Victor Horta as an originator......
vernacular architecture, Common domestic architecture of a region, usually far simpler than what the technology......
Versailles, town and capital of Yvelines département, Île-de-France région, north-central France, 14 miles (22......
Palace of Versailles, former French royal residence and center of government, now a national landmark. It is located......
Victorian architecture, building style of the Gothic Revival that marks the movement from a sentimental phase to......
Giacomo da Vignola was an architect who, with Andrea Palladio and Giulio Romano, dominated Italian Mannerist architectural......
vihara, early type of Buddhist monastery consisting of an open court surrounded by open cells accessible through......
villa, country estate, complete with house, grounds, and subsidiary buildings. The term villa particularly applies......
Villa d’Este, estate in Tivoli, near Rome, with buildings, fountains, and terraced gardens designed (1550) by the......
Carlos Raúl Villanueva was a Venezuelan architect often credited with being the father of modern architecture in......
Villard De Honnecourt was a French architect remembered primarily for the sketchbook compiled while he travelled......
Eugène-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc was a French Gothic Revival architect, restorer of French medieval buildings, and......
Louis-Tullius-Joachim Visconti was an Italian-born French designer of the tomb of Napoleon I. Visconti’s father,......
Vitruvius was a Roman architect, engineer, and author of the celebrated treatise De architectura (On Architecture),......
Bernardo Antonio Vittone was one of the most original and creative of late Baroque church architects in all Europe......
Charles Francis Annesley Voysey was a British architect and designer whose work was influential in Europe between......
Konrad Wachsmann was a German-born American architect notable for his contributions to the mass production of building......
Otto Wagner was an Austrian architect and teacher, generally held to be a founder and leader of the modern movement......
Thomas Ustick Walter was an American architect important for the quality and influence of his designs based upon......
Wang Shu is a Chinese architect whose reuse of materials salvaged from demolition sites and thoughtful approach......
Washington National Cathedral, in Washington, D.C., Episcopal cathedral chartered by the U.S. Congress in 1893......
Alfred Waterhouse was an English architect who worked in the style of High Victorian medieval eclecticism. He is......
Philip Speakman Webb was an architect and designer especially known for his unconventional country houses, who......
Harry M. Weese was an American architect of the Chicago school who designed the subway system in Washington, D.C.—considered......
Wembley Stadium, stadium in the borough of Brent in northwestern London, England, built as a replacement for an......
Western architecture, history of Western architecture from prehistoric Mediterranean cultures to the 21st century.......
- Introduction
- Mycenaean Greece
- Roman, Gothic, Renaissance
- Iron Age, Cultures, Styles
- Ancient Greek, Columns, Temples
- Archaic Period, Greek Temples, Doric Order
- Greek, Roman, Temples
- Hellenistic, Greek, Roman
- Roman, Early Christian
- Building, Materials, Styles
- Civic, Religious, Commercial
- Residential, Styles, Design
- Gothic, Baroque, Neoclassical
- Early Christian, Basilicas, Mosaics
- Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance
- Byzantine, Romanesque, Gothic
- Iconoclastic, Carolingian, Byzantine
- Kievan Rus, Russia, Byzantine
- Gothic, Romanesque, Baroque
- Ottonian, Romanesque, Gothic
- Romanesque, Arches, Vaults
- Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque
- Aquitaine, Languedoc, Auvergne
- Iberian, Gothic, Romanesque
- Flying Buttresses, Ribbed Vaults, Pointed Arches
- High Gothic, Flying Buttresses, Ribbed Vaults
- Renaissance, Italy, Gothic
- Early Renaissance, Italy, 1401-95
- High Renaissance, Italy, 1495-1520
- Italian Mannerism, Late Renaissance
- Gothic, Baroque, Neoclassical
- Mannerism, Renaissance, Baroque
- Plateresque, Renaissance, Baroque
- Portugal, Gothic, Baroque
- Eastern Europe, Gothic, Baroque
- Baroque, Rococo, Style
- Roman, Classical, Renaissance
- National, Regional, Variations
- Gothic, Tudor, Baroque
- Colonial America, British Colonies, New World
- Neoclassicism, Baroque, Rococo
- British, Gothic, Baroque
- French Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque
- Italian Renaissance, Baroque, Neoclassical
- German Gothic, Baroque, Renaissance
- Scandinavian, Finnish, Vernacular
- Gothic Revival, Ecclesiastical, Neo-Gothic
- From the 19th to the early 20th century
- Gothic, Baroque, Renaissance
- Scandinavian, Vernacular, Gothic
- Classicism, Revivalism, Eclecticism
- Germany, Austria, Baroque
- Industrialization, Eclecticism, Iron
- Art Nouveau, Ornamentation, Style
- Modernism, Skyscrapers, Urbanism
- US Styles, Materials, & Influences
- Postwar, Modernism, Brutalism
- Postmodernism, Deconstruction, Post-structuralism
- 21st Century, Globalization, Innovation
Westminster Abbey, London church that is the site of coronations and other ceremonies of national significance.......
Donald Wexler was an American architect of mid-century modern homes, especially in Palm Springs, California. Wexler......
The term “mid-century modern” is often said to have been coined by author Cara Greenberg for the title of her 1984......
Although the emperor Hadrian spent little time in Rome itself, he left his mark on the imperial capital in the......
White House, the official office and residence of the president of the United States at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue......
Stanford White was an American architect who was the most imaginative partner in the influential architectural......
Whitehall Palace, former English royal residence located in Westminster, London, on a site between the Thames River......
The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Virginia, is a monumental grave that......
wickiup, indigenous North American dwelling characteristic of many Northeast Indian peoples and in more limited......
William Of Sens was a French master-mason who built the first structure in the Early Gothic style in England. William......
Paul R. Williams was an American architect noted for his mastery of a variety of styles and building types and......
Willis Tower, skyscraper in Chicago, located at 233 South Wacker Drive, that was the world’s tallest building until......
Winchester Cathedral, cathedral church in Winchester, Hampshire, England. It is the seat of the Anglican bishop......
Tower of the Winds, building in Athens erected about 100–50 bc by Andronicus of Cyrrhus for measuring time. Still......
Winter Palace, former royal residence of the Russian tsars in St. Petersburg, on the Neva River. Several different......
Jacques Wirtz was a Belgian landscape designer who created more than 100 gardens and was hailed as one of the most......
Woburn Abbey, seat of the dukes of Bedford, Central Bedfordshire, Eng., with a house that was rebuilt from a medieval......
Throughout history, women have been interested and involved in architecture, yet in the 21st century it remains......
John Wood the Elder was an English architect and town planner who established the physical character of the resort......
John Wood the Younger was a British architect whose work at Bath represents the culmination of the Palladian tradition......
World Trade Center, complex of several buildings around a central plaza in New York City that in 2001 was the site......
Sir Henry Wotton was an English poet, diplomat, and art connoisseur who was a friend of the poets John Donne and......
Christopher Wren was a designer, astronomer, geometrician, and the greatest English architect of his time. Wren......
Frank Lloyd Wright was an architect and writer, an abundantly creative master of American architecture. His “Prairie......