Andrew Greeley: …senior study director of the National Opinion Research Center (NORC; 1961–68), and program director for higher education at NORC (1968–70). In 1985 he became a research associate at NORC’s Center for the Study of Politics and Society. Greeley also taught at the University of Illinois, Chicago, and at the University…

Russell Sage: In 1891 a man named Henry Norcross threatened to explode dynamite in Sage’s office if he was not paid $1.2 million. Sage refused and survived the explosion, which killed Norcross.

Jack Conroy was a leftist American writer best known for his contributions to “proletarian literature,” fiction and nonfiction about the life of American workers during the early decades of the 20th century. Conroy, who was born in a coal camp, was a migratory worker in the 1920s. He first became

Nord–Pas-de-Calais: …encompassing the northernmost départements of Nord and Pas-de-Calais. In 2016 the Nord–Pas-de-Calais région was joined with the région of Picardy to form the new administrative entity of Hauts-de-France.

Louis-Ferdinand Céline: …Castle to Castle), Nord (1960; North), and Rigodon (1969; Rigadoon), depict World War II as seen from within Germany; they are viewed by some critics as equal in power and style to his two celebrated early novels. Other works include Guignol’s Band (1944), Casse Pipe (1949; “Shooting Gallery”), and Entretiens…

Fridtjof Nansen: Scientific work: (1911; In Northern Mists) gave a critical review of the exploration of the northern regions from early times up to the beginning of the 16th century.

Russia: Putin’s fourth term as president, novichok attacks, and military action against Ukraine: …Scholz suspended certification of Russia’s Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline. On the morning of February 24 Putin delivered a televised address announcing the beginning of a “special military operation,” and within minutes Russian air strikes were carried out against cities across Ukraine, beginning the Russia-Ukraine war. Putin’s unprovoked attack was…

Dominican Republic: Relief, drainage, and soils: …known in Haiti as the Massif du Nord (“Northern Massif”). In Dominican territory its crest line averages some 6,000 feet (1,800 metres) in elevation and rises to 10,417 feet (3,175 metres) at Duarte Peak, the highest mountain in the Caribbean. Other prominent peaks are Yaque, La Rucilla, Bandera, and Mijo.…

Nord-du-Québec, administrative region constituting the northern half of Quebec province, Canada. The name Nouveau-Québec (“New Quebec”) once was used synonymously with Ungava for that part of the Labrador-Ungava peninsula between Hudson Bay and the Labrador Sea, north of the Eastmain and Churchill

Nord-Norge, geographic region of Norway. It reaches from Nordland about 575 miles (925 km) northward to the North Cape (Nordkapp), the northernmost point in Europe. An arm of the Gulf Stream, the North Atlantic Current, which flows past its coast, provides a relatively mild maritime climate.

Moscow theater hostage crisis of 2002, hostage taking by Chechen militants at the Dubrovka Theater in Moscow, Russia, that lasted from October 23 to October 26, 2002. It ended when Russian Spetsnaz (special forces) troops of the anti-terrorist Alfa command filled the theater with a gas. At least

Kiel Canal, important waterway in northern Germany, extending eastward for 98 km (61 miles) to connect the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. The canal constitutes the safest, most convenient, shortest, and cheapest shipping route between the two seas. It runs from Brunsbüttelkoog (on the North Sea, at

Kiel Canal, important waterway in northern Germany, extending eastward for 98 km (61 miles) to connect the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. The canal constitutes the safest, most convenient, shortest, and cheapest shipping route between the two seas. It runs from Brunsbüttelkoog (on the North Sea, at

Nord–Pas-de-Calais, former région of France, encompassing the northernmost départements of Nord and Pas-de-Calais. In 2016 the Nord–Pas-de-Calais région was joined with the région of Picardy to form the new administrative entity of Hauts-de-France. Flatlands predominate in the north, with much of

Pierre Reverdy: He founded a short-lived review, Nord-Sud (1916; “North-South”), to promote Cubism. After turning to Surrealism in the 1920s, he returned to Cubist-inspired poetic techniques. Reverdy published Étoiles peintes (1921; “Painted Stars”), Les Épaves du ciel (1924; “Shipwrecks from Heaven”), and Flaques de verre (1929; “Glass Puddles”). In 1926 he retired…

canals and inland waterways: Major inland waterways of Europe: …the north-south route of the Nord-Sud Canal (or Elbe-Seitenkanal). The latter canal (completed in 1976) leaves the Elbe about 32 km (20 miles) above Hamburg and, running south, joins the Mittelland Canal near Wolfsburg, Germany, reaching a total of 115 km (71.5 miles) and shortening the route between Hamburg and…

Sigurdur Jóhannesson Nordal was an Icelandic philologist, critic, and writer in many genres, who played a central role in the cultural life of 20th-century Iceland. Nordal received his doctorate in Old Norse philology from the University of Copenhagen in 1914, with a thesis on the saga of Saint

Max Nordau was a physician, writer, and early Jewish nationalist who was instrumental in establishing recognition of Palestine as a potential Jewish homeland to be gained by colonization. In 1880, after serving as Viennese correspondent for a Budapest newspaper and traveling extensively in Europe,

Svalbard: …northern coastlines of Spitsbergen and Nordaust Land are heavily indented by fjords; the east coast of Nordaust Land is formed by a front of inland ice. Many of the glaciers reach the sea, but in Spitsbergen there are large ice-free valleys. Elsewhere, there are extensive coastal plains, formed by the…

Danish literature: Postwar literary trends: …displacement pervades the poems of Henrik Nordbrandt, the leading Danish poet during and after the 1970s. He has been called the “eternal traveler” of Danish literature: the themes of constant mobility, departure, and arrival characterize his poems, which often show the influence of Asian writings.

North German Confederation, union of the German states north of the Main River formed in 1867 under Prussian hegemony after Prussia’s victory over Austria in the Seven Weeks’ War (1866). Berlin was its capital, the king of Prussia was its president, and the Prussian chancellor was also its

Tiger Woods: Personal and professional struggles: …that Woods, who had married Elin Nordegren in 2004, had a number of extramarital affairs, and his infidelity—which clashed with his solid-citizen reputation that had helped him earn hundreds of millions of dollars in endorsements over the years—became national news. The following month, Woods announced that he was taking an…

Sweden: Foreign policy into the 1990s: The so-called Nordek plan, submitted in 1969, which also aimed at far-reaching economic cooperation between the Nordic countries, met with opposition, primarily from Finland, and was abandoned in 1970. During negotiations for entry into the European Communities (EC, later European Community; the successor of the EEC), in…

Nordic countries, group of countries in northern Europe consisting of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The designation includes the Faroe Islands and Greenland, which are autonomous island regions of Denmark, and the Åland Islands, an autonomous island region of Finland. The term is

submarine: Toward diesel-electric power: Similarly, the Swedish gun designer Torsten Nordenfelt constructed a steam-powered submarine driven by twin propellers. His craft could be submerged by vertical propellers to a depth of 50 feet and was fitted with one of the first practical torpedo tubes. Several nations built submarines to Nordenfelt’s design.

Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht was a Swedish poet considered to be Sweden’s first feminist and remembered for her sensitive love poems. Though influenced by Enlightenment ideas, she was largely self-educated and had a distinct pietistic and sentimental side; both the intellectual and the highly

N.F.S. Grundtvig: His Nordens mythologi (1808; “Northern Mythology”) marked a turning point in this research; like his early poems, it was inspired by Romanticism.

Adolf Erik, Baron Nordenskiöld was a Swedish geologist, mineralogist, geographer, and explorer who sailed from Norway to the Pacific across the Asiatic Arctic, completing the first successful navigation of the Northeast Passage. In 1858 Nordenskiöld settled in Stockholm, joined an expedition to the

Erland Nordenskiöld was a Swedish ethnologist, archaeologist, and a foremost student of South American Indian culture. As professor of American and comparative ethnology at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden (1924–32), he had a marked influence on anthropology in Sweden and Denmark. Son of the

Adolf Erik, Baron Nordenskiöld was a Swedish geologist, mineralogist, geographer, and explorer who sailed from Norway to the Pacific across the Asiatic Arctic, completing the first successful navigation of the Northeast Passage. In 1858 Nordenskiöld settled in Stockholm, joined an expedition to the

Erland Nordenskiöld was a Swedish ethnologist, archaeologist, and a foremost student of South American Indian culture. As professor of American and comparative ethnology at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden (1924–32), he had a marked influence on anthropology in Sweden and Denmark. Son of the

timberline: A similar isopleth, the Nordenskjöld line proposed by the Swedish geographer Otto Nordenskjöld (1928), is the line along which the warmest month’s average temperature is equal to (9 - 0.1k)° C, or (51.4 - 0.1k)° F, in which k is the average temperature of the coldest month.

Otto Nordenskjöld was a Swedish geographer and explorer whose expedition to the Antarctic was distinguished by the volume of its scientific findings. A nephew of the scientist-explorer Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld, he became a lecturer in mineralogy and geology at the University of Uppsala, Sweden, in

Otto Nordenskjöld was a Swedish geographer and explorer whose expedition to the Antarctic was distinguished by the volume of its scientific findings. A nephew of the scientist-explorer Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld, he became a lecturer in mineralogy and geology at the University of Uppsala, Sweden, in

Hamburg: Site: …itself into two branches, the Norderelbe and the Süderelbe, but these branches meet again opposite Altona, just west of the old city, to form the Unterelbe, which flows into the North Sea some 65 miles downstream from Hamburg. Two other rivers flow into the Elbe at Hamburg—the Alster from the…

Norderney, island off the North Sea coast of Germany. It is one of the East Frisian Islands and part of Lower Saxony Land (state). The island is 8 miles (13 km) long and up to 1.25 miles (2 km) wide, with dunes rising to 68 feet (21 metres). It is part of Lower Saxony Wadden Sea National Park. The

North Frisian Islands, part of the Frisian Islands, lying in the North Sea just off the coast of northern Europe. They are divided between Germany and

Frisia: …Netherlands, and the Ostfriesland and Nordfriesland regions of northwestern Germany. Frisia is the traditional homeland of the Frisians, a Germanic people who speak a language closely related to English.

North Frisian Islands, part of the Frisian Islands, lying in the North Sea just off the coast of northern Europe. They are divided between Germany and

William Nordhaus is an American economist who, with Paul Romer, was awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize for Economics for his contributions to the study of long-term economic growth and its relation to climate change. His pioneering work on climate economy models greatly advanced understanding of the

William Nordhaus is an American economist who, with Paul Romer, was awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize for Economics for his contributions to the study of long-term economic growth and its relation to climate change. His pioneering work on climate economy models greatly advanced understanding of the

Nordhausen, city, Thuringia Land (state), central Germany. It lies on the Zorge River, at the southern slopes of the Harz Mountains, in the fertile lowland known as the Goldene Aue (“Golden Meadow”). First mentioned in 927 as the site of a royal castle near the older Frankish settlement of

Sondre Norheim was a Norwegian skier who revolutionized ski design and ski equipment and helped to standardize certain aspects of the sport. Norheim in 1860 was the first to use bindings of willow, cane, and birch root around the heel from each side of the toe strap to fasten the boot to the ski,

Ojai, city, Ventura county, southern California, U.S. Situated 12 miles (19 km) north of Ventura and about 85 miles (135 km) northwest of Los Angeles, it lies in the Ojai Valley flanked by mountains. Originally inhabited by Chumash Indians, the site under Spanish rule was an outpost ranchería of

Mutiny on the Bounty: …the Bounty, romantic novel by Charles Nordhoff and James Norman Hall, published in 1932. The vivid narrative is based on an actual mutiny, that against Capt. William Bligh of the HMS Bounty in 1789. Related by Roger Byam, a former midshipman and linguist aboard the vessel, the novel describes how…

history of Europe: The Bronze Age: …a distinct local tradition: the Nordic Bronze Age. At this point, the absence of local raw material did not prevent the society from integrating bronze as a basic material in its culture nor did the dependency on trade partners for bronze mean that the local material culture developed without its…

Nordic skiing: The Nordic combined is a separate test consisting of a 10-km cross-country race and special ski-jumping contest, with the winner determined on the basis of points awarded for performance in both. Cross-country racing is sometimes called Nordic racing. There are numerous factors that differentiate the various…

Nordic Council of Ministers, organization of the Nordic states of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden for the purpose of consultation and cooperation on matters of common interest. The Council was established in February 1971 under an amendment to the Helsinki Convention (1962) between

Nordic countries, group of countries in northern Europe consisting of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The designation includes the Faroe Islands and Greenland, which are autonomous island regions of Denmark, and the Åland Islands, an autonomous island region of Finland. The term is

skiing: Alpine skiing: …Oslo (from 1892) and the Nordic Games (held quadrennially from 1901 to 1917 and 1922 to 1926) to be the only proper representation of the sport of skiing. In 1930, however, the Nordic skiing countries of Norway, Sweden, and Finland finally withdrew their resistance and allowed Alpine events to be…

Scandinavian literature, the body of works, both oral and written, produced within Scandinavia in the North Germanic group of languages, in the Finnish language, and, during the Middle Ages, in the Latin language. Scandinavian literature traditionally consists of works in modern Swedish, Norwegian,

museum: History museums: …of traditional life at the Nordic Museum in Stockholm. This was followed 18 years later by the first open-air museum, at Skansen. Museums of both types soon appeared in other countries. The former National Museum of Popular Arts and Traditions in Paris exemplified a national approach within a museum building.…

Northwest Passage: Contemporary issues: …occurred in 2013 when the Nordic Orion, with a load of coal and escorted by icebreakers, sailed from Vancouver, enroute to Finland. The following year a cargo ship, the Nunavik, completed the journey without an icebreaker escort.

Sverre Fehn: …received widespread notice with his Nordic Pavilion at the Venice Biennale in 1962; it won the Biennale’s Golden Lion Award for national pavilions.

cross-country skiing, skiing in open country over rolling, hilly terrain as found in Scandinavian countries, where the sport originated as a means of travel as well as recreation and where it remains popular. In its noncompetitive form the sport is also known as ski touring. The skis used are

runic alphabet: …the 12th century ad; and Nordic, or Scandinavian, used from the 8th to about the 12th or 13th century ad in Scandinavia and Iceland. After the 12th century, runes were still used occasionally for charms and memorial inscriptions until the 16th or 17th century, chiefly in Scandinavia. The Early Germanic…

Erik XIV: …war in 1563, initiating the Seven Years’ War of the North. The Swedish king led his forces with moderate effectiveness and was able to gain a stalemate with Denmark in the first years of the war. His fear of treason caused his judgment to break down in 1567, and he…

Nordic skiing, techniques and events that evolved in the hilly terrain of Norway and the other Scandinavian countries. The modern Nordic events are the cross-country races (including a relay race) and ski-jumping events. The Nordic combined is a separate test consisting of a 10-km cross-country

Lillian Nordica was an American soprano, acclaimed for her opulent voice and dramatic presence, especially in Wagnerian roles. Nordica grew up from the age of six in Boston, studied at the New England Conservatory of Music, and then gave recitals in the United States and London before resuming

museum: History museums: …of traditional life at the Nordic Museum in Stockholm. This was followed 18 years later by the first open-air museum, at Skansen. Museums of both types soon appeared in other countries. The former National Museum of Popular Arts and Traditions in Paris exemplified a national approach within a museum building.…

Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger: …the historical plays published in Nordiske Digte (1807; “Nordic Poems”), Oehlenschläger broke somewhat with the Romantic school and turned to Nordic history and mythology for his materials. In this collection are the historical tragedy Hakon Jarl hin Rige (“Earl Haakon the Great”), based on that Danish national hero, and Baldur…

museum: Museums of antiquities: The Museum of Northern Antiquities was opened in Copenhagen in 1819 (it was there that its first director, Christian Jürgensen Thomsen, developed the three-part system of classifying prehistory into the Stone, Bronze, and Iron ages). This museum was merged with three others (of ethnography, antiquities, and…

Petter Dass: …trompet (written 1678–1700; published 1739; The Trumpet of Nordland), a rhyming description of Nordland that depicts, with loving accuracy and homely humour, its natural features, people, and occupations. Written in an easy, swinging metre, it is addressed to the common people.

Norway: Political and social change: …1976, he was succeeded by Odvar Nordli. Gro Harlem Brundtland, Norway’s first woman prime minister, took over the government and party leadership from Nordli in February 1981. Her government was defeated at the polls in September of that year, and a Conservative, Kåre Willoch, became prime minister. Brundtland returned as…

Theodor Däubler: His major work, Das Nordlicht (1910, much revised and republished in 1921; “The Northern Lights”), an epic of more than 30,000 lines, is an original cosmic myth. Däubler expresses his visionary ideas in sweeping, hyperbolic language that sometimes borders on the bizarre or grotesque. His other poetical works…

Nördlingen, city, Bavaria Land (state), southern Germany. It lies on the Eger River, northwest of Augsburg. A seat of the bishop of Regensburg in 898, it became a free imperial city in 1215. Several battles in the Thirty Years’ War (17th century) and the French revolutionary wars (18th century)

Henri de La Tour d’Auvergne, vicomte de Turenne: Command of the French forces in Germany: …met the Bavarians in the Battle of Nördlingen and reached the Danube River but with such heavy losses in infantry that they soon had to return to the Rhine.

Battle of Nördlingen, (Sept. 5–6, 1634), battle fought near Nördlingen in southern Germany. A crushing victory for the Habsburgs in the Thirty Years’ War, it ended Swedish domination in southern Germany, and it led France to become an active participant in the war. In the summer of 1634 the

Sir Arnold Henry Nordmeyer was a New Zealand politician, an influential figure in the New Zealand Labour Party for more than 30 years. Nordmeyer graduated from the University of Otago and served as a Presbyterian minister from 1925 until he entered the New Zealand Parliament in 1935. He helped

music therapy: Approaches in music therapy: Nordoff-Robbins music therapy (also known as creative music therapy), for example, is an improvisational approach to therapy that also involves the composition of music. It was originally created by American composer and music therapist Paul Nordoff and British music therapist Clive Robbins as a therapeutic…

Rikard Nordraak was a Norwegian composer perhaps best known as the composer of the music for the Norwegian national anthem, “Ja, vi elsker dette landet” (1864; “Yes, We Love This Land”). Nordraak began composing music as a child. He was sent at age 15 to Copenhagen, Den., for training in business,

Rikard Nordraak was a Norwegian composer perhaps best known as the composer of the music for the Norwegian national anthem, “Ja, vi elsker dette landet” (1864; “Yes, We Love This Land”). Nordraak began composing music as a child. He was sent at age 15 to Copenhagen, Den., for training in business,

North Rhine–Westphalia, Land (state) of western Germany. It is bordered by the states of Lower Saxony to the north and northeast, Hessen to the east, and Rhineland-Palatinate to the south and by the countries of Belgium to the southwest and the Netherlands to the west. The state of North

North Rhine–Westphalia, Land (state) of western Germany. It is bordered by the states of Lower Saxony to the north and northeast, Hessen to the east, and Rhineland-Palatinate to the south and by the countries of Belgium to the southwest and the Netherlands to the west. The state of North

Midgard: …held up by four dwarfs, Nordri, Sudri, Austri, and Vestri (the four points of the compass), and became the dome of the heavens. The sun, moon, and stars were made of scattered sparks that were caught in the skull.

Adelbert von Chamisso: In 1804 he founded the Nordsternbund, a society of Berlin Romanticists. From 1807 to 1812 Chamisso toured France and Switzerland, participating in the literary circle of Madame de Staël. In 1812 he enrolled at the University of Berlin, devoting himself to scientific studies.

brane: …the work of Finnish physicist Gunnar Nordström, who proposed a theory of gravity and electromagnetism with four spatial dimensions in 1914. German mathematician Theodor Kaluza in 1919 and Swedish physicist Oskar Klein in 1925 proposed a four-dimensional spatial theory, after Einstein’s discovery of general relativity in 1916. In general relativity,…

Ludvig Anselm Nordström was a Swedish writer whose realistic, socially conscious works are set in the Norrland region in which he matured. Born of a Swedish father and an English mother, Nordström was much influenced by English writers, especially Charles Dickens, Thomas Carlyle, Laurence Sterne,

automotive industry: The independents: …technological or personal interests, including Nordyke and Marmon, makers of Marmon luxury cars, and E.L. Cord, who marketed front-wheel-drive cars between 1929 and 1937. The depression years of the 1930s eliminated all but the largest independent manufacturers and increased still further the domination of the Big Three. Motor vehicle production…

ship’s bell: …after the mutiny at the Nore (1797), followed a special numbering in the dogwatch. From 4:00 to 8:00 pm, the usual bells are struck except that at 6:30 pm only one bell is struck instead of five; two at 7:00 pm; three at 7:30 pm; and eight bells at 8:00…

The Nore, sandbank in the Thames Estuary, extending between Shoeburyness (north) and Sheerness (south), county of Kent, southeastern England. The Nore Lightship, anchored 4 miles (6 km) southeast of Shoeburyness, was the first to be established in English waters (1732). The Nore anchorage was

Heimskringla, (c. 1220; “Orb of the World”), collection of sagas of the early Norwegian kings, written by the Icelandic poet-chieftain Snorri Sturluson. It is distinguished by Snorri’s classical objectivity, realistic psychology, and historically feasible (if not always accurate) depiction of cause

Nuremberg, city, Bavaria Land (state), southern Germany. Bavaria’s second largest city (after Munich), Nuremberg is located on the Pegnitz River where it emerges from the uplands of Franconia (Franken), south of Erlangen. The city was first mentioned in 1050 in official records as Noremberg, but it

Swedish literature: Political writing: Lars Norén, regarded by many as the greatest Swedish playwright since Strindberg, has dealt with the love-hate relationships of modern dysfunctional families in emotionally powerful and sombre plays spiced with absurd humour, such as Natten är dagens mor (1982; “Night Is Mother to the Day”).…

Noomi Rapace is a Swedish actress who was best known for portraying Lisbeth Salander in film adaptations of Stieg Larsson’s Millennium trilogy of crime novels. Norén was the daughter of a Swedish actress and a Spanish flamenco singer. As a young child she lived with her mother and stepfather in

norepinephrine, substance that is released predominantly from the ends of sympathetic nerve fibres and that acts to increase the force of skeletal muscle contraction and the rate and force of contraction of the heart. The actions of norepinephrine are vital to the fight-or-flight response, whereby

steroid: Progesterones: Among the latter is norethandrolone (20).

Norfolk, independent city and port, southeastern Virginia, U.S. It lies on the Elizabeth River in the Tidewater region, at the mouth of Chesapeake Bay. Norfolk is part of an urban complex that includes the cities of Portsmouth (west), Chesapeake (south), Virginia Beach (east), and, northward across

Suffolk: …1800 to 1850 by mating Norfolk horned ewes with Southdown rams. Suffolks are prolific, early maturing sheep with excellent mutton carcasses. They are energetic, and the whole carriage is alert, showing stamina and quality. The breed is not desirable for wool production. The fleeces are short in staple and light…

Norfolk, city, Madison county, northeastern Nebraska, U.S., on the North Fork Elkhorn River, about 110 miles (175 km) northwest of Omaha. Settled in 1866 by German farmers from Ixonia and Watertown, Wis., its name, originally proposed as North Fork, was abbreviated to Norfork and then changed by

Norfolk, county, eastern Massachusetts, U.S., southwest and south of Boston, bordered by Massachusetts Bay to the northeast and Rhode Island to the southwest. It consists of an upland region, including the Blue Hills, that is drained by the Charles and Neponset rivers. The main parklands are

Norfolk, administrative and historic county of eastern England. It is bounded by Suffolk (south), Cambridgeshire and Lincolnshire (west), and the North Sea (north and east). The administrative county comprises seven districts: Breckland, Broadland, North Norfolk, and South Norfolk; the boroughs of

Norfolk and Western Railway Company was an American railroad that originated as an eight-mile single-track line in 1838 to connect Petersburg and City Point (now Hopewell), Virginia. In 1870 the City Point Rail Road and others were consolidated as the Atlantic, Mississippi and Ohio Railroad. In

the Broads, system of inland waterways in the administrative and historic county of Norfolk, England, consisting of shallow lakes formed by the broadening of the Rivers Bure and Yare, which connect many of the waterways. The individual Broads vary in size from mere pools to the 296-acre

Dedham: The Norfolk County Courthouse was the scene of the famous Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti murder trial of the 1920s. The town is primarily residential, and its economy is based on services and light manufacturing. Area 11 square miles (28 square km). Pop. (2000) 23,464; (2010)…

Norfolk four-course system, method of agricultural organization established in Norfolk county, England, and in several other counties before the end of the 17th century; it was characterized by an emphasis on fodder crops and by the absence of a fallow year, which had characterized earlier methods.

Norfolk Island, external territory of Australia, in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, 1,041 miles (1,676 km) northeast of Sydney. The island is about 5 miles (8 km) long and 3 miles (5 km) wide. It is volcanic in origin, and its generally rugged terrain, with a mean elevation of 360 feet (110 m)

Norfolk Island pine, (Araucaria heterophylla), evergreen timber and ornamental conifer of the family Araucariaceae, native to Norfolk Island, situated in the South Pacific Ocean between New Caledonia and New Zealand. The wood of large trees is used in construction, furniture, and shipbuilding. The

Norfolk Island, external territory of Australia, in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, 1,041 miles (1,676 km) northeast of Sydney. The island is about 5 miles (8 km) long and 3 miles (5 km) wide. It is volcanic in origin, and its generally rugged terrain, with a mean elevation of 360 feet (110 m)

thickknee: The European stone curlew (Burhinus oedicnemus), called Norfolk plover in England, breeds across southern Europe to India and northern Africa. A tropical African species is known as the water dikkop (B. vermiculatus). The double-striped thickknee (B. bistriatus) inhabits the American tropics. Others are the great stone…