Marina was a Mexican Native American princess, one of a group of enslaved women given as a peace offering to the Spanish conquistadors by the Tabascan people (1519). She became mistress, guide, and interpreter to Hernán Cortés during his conquest of Mexico. The success of his ventures was often

Manuel Vilar: …Aztecs; and La Malinche (1852; La Malinche or Doña Marina), the first native woman of Mexico who converted to Christianity and who also served as Hernán Cortés’s translator.

Tlaxcala: …metres) against the backdrop of La Malinche (Matlalcueyetl) volcano, which rises to an elevation 14,636 feet (4,461 metres) within a national park southeast of the capital. The state occupies roughly the same area as did a pre-Hispanic federation that refused to surrender to the Aztecs. Many Indians in the region…

Mechelen, municipality, Flanders Region, north-central Belgium. It lies along the Dijle River, a few miles north-northeast of Brussels. St. Rumoldus (Rombold) was said to have come there in 756. In the Middle Ages it was called Machlina (Mechlinia) and belonged to the prince-bishops of Liège

history of the Low Countries: The Habsburgs: …court (then known as the Great Council of Malines) and set up within the duke’s council permanent commissions to discuss important political and financial questions.

history of the Low Countries: The Habsburgs: …court (then known as the Great Council of Malines) and set up within the duke’s council permanent commissions to discuss important political and financial questions.

magic: At the same time, Max Malini (1873–1942) traveled the globe giving impromptu performances in private settings for members of high society and nobility. In the United States, Harry Houdini specialized in a single aspect of the art, escapology—extrication from restraints such as handcuffs or straitjackets—to become magic’s most famous…

What is undeniable about American figure skater Ilia Malinin is that he has achieved athletic feats in his sport that many thought impossible. He was the first and, as of 2025, the only athlete to land a quadruple axel—the hardest jump in skating—in competition (2022). He also was the first

Malinke, a West African people occupying parts of Guinea, Ivory Coast, Mali, Senegal, The Gambia, and Guinea-Bissau. They speak a Mandekan language of the Mande branch of the Niger-Congo family. The Malinke are divided into numerous independent groups dominated by a hereditary nobility, a feature

Mali, trading empire that flourished in western Africa from the 13th to the 16th century. The Mali empire developed from the state of Kangaba, on the upper Niger River east of the Fouta Djallon, and is said to have been founded before 1000 ce. The Malinke inhabitants of Kangaba acted as middlemen

Guinea: Ethnic groups and languages: …while in Upper Guinea the Malinke (Maninkakan) language is the most widespread. The Forest Region contains the linguistic areas, from east to west, of Kpelle (Guerzé), Loma (Toma), and Kisi.

textile: Bonding: In the Malimo machine process, warp yarns are placed on top of filling yarns and stitched together by a third yarn. The Maliwatt machine interlaces a web of fibres with a sewing thread, giving the effect of parallel seams. The Malipol machine produces a one-sided pile fabric…

Bulgaria: World War I: …of the pro-German Radoslavov by Alexander Malinov, a leader of the parliamentary opposition, raised hopes for an end to the war, but instead frustration increased as Malinov yielded to Tsar Ferdinand’s determination to fight on.

Rodion Yakovlevich Malinovsky was a Soviet marshal prominent in World War II. Malinovsky was drafted into the imperial army at the start of World War I and fought as a machine gunner throughout that conflict. Upon his return to Russia in 1919 he entered the Red Army, in which he fought against the

Bronisław Malinowski: Mature career: …1940 Malinowski married again, to Anna Valetta Hayman-Joyce, an artist who painted under the name Valetta Swann and who assisted him in his Mexican studies and was primarily responsible for the publication of his Scientific Theory of Culture (1944) and other posthumous works.

Bronisław Malinowski was one of the most important anthropologists of the 20th century who is widely recognized as a founder of social anthropology and principally associated with field studies of the peoples of Oceania. Malinowski was the son of Lucjan Malinowski, a professor of Slavic philology

Bronisław Malinowski was one of the most important anthropologists of the 20th century who is widely recognized as a founder of social anthropology and principally associated with field studies of the peoples of Oceania. Malinowski was the son of Lucjan Malinowski, a professor of Slavic philology

Marina was a Mexican Native American princess, one of a group of enslaved women given as a peace offering to the Spanish conquistadors by the Tabascan people (1519). She became mistress, guide, and interpreter to Hernán Cortés during his conquest of Mexico. The success of his ventures was often

Gian Francesco Malipiero was a composer whose music represents a fusion of modern techniques with the stylistic qualities of early Italian music. Malipiero studied at the Vienna Conservatory and in Venice and Bologna, and subsequently he traveled to Paris, where he was influenced by the new music

floor covering: Unconventional carpets: tufted, knitted, and bonded: A German Malipol machine uses knitting principles to bind pile to a backing fabric, although a later model uses unknitted weft threads instead of backing. Production rates for knitting are higher than for traditional looms but do not reach the high speeds of modern tufting. The quality…

Karachi: City site: The Malīr River, a seasonal stream, passes through the eastern part of the city, and the Layāri River, also seasonal, runs through the most densely populated northern section. Some ridges and isolated hills occur in the north and east; Mango Pīr, the highest elevation, is 585…

Malecite, North American Indians of the Algonquian language family who occupied the Saint John valley in what is now New Brunswick, Can., and the northeastern corner of what is now the U.S. state of Maine. Their language was closely related to that of the Passamaquoddy, and they were members of the

textile: Bonding: The Maliwatt machine interlaces a web of fibres with a sewing thread, giving the effect of parallel seams. The Malipol machine produces a one-sided pile fabric by stitching loop pile through a backing fabric. A new British process makes double-sided terry fabric, called Terrytuft, by inserting…

cloudberry, (Rubus chamaemorus), creeping herbaceous plant, native to the Arctic and subarctic regions of the north temperate zone, and its edible raspberry-like fruit. Inuit and Sami peoples collect the sweet juicy fruits in autumn to freeze for winter food. In markets of northern Scandinavia,

Uri Zvi Greenberg was a Hebrew and Yiddish poet whose strident, Expressionist verse exhorts the Jewish people to redeem their historical destiny; he warned of the impending Holocaust in such poems as “In malkhus fun tselem” (1922; “In the Kingdom of the Cross”). An adherent of the right-wing

Manyakheta, site of a former city in Karnataka, India, about 85 miles (135 km) southwest of Hyderabad. The city was founded in the 9th century by the Rashtrakuta ruler Amoghavarsha I and became the capital of the dynasty. In 972 it was sacked by the Paramara ruler Siyaka. After the downfall of the

Manyakheta, site of a former city in Karnataka, India, about 85 miles (135 km) southwest of Hyderabad. The city was founded in the 9th century by the Rashtrakuta ruler Amoghavarsha I and became the capital of the dynasty. In 972 it was sacked by the Paramara ruler Siyaka. After the downfall of the

dictionary: Etymology: An American Romance scholar, Yakov Malkiel, presented the notion that words follow “trajectories”—by finding certain points in the history of a word, one can link up the developments in form and meaning. The austere treatment of some words consists in saying “derivation unknown,” and yet this sometimes causes interesting…

Pittsburgh Penguins: …season Crosby and second-year star Evgeni Malkin led the Penguins to the Stanley Cup finals, which they lost to the Detroit Red Wings. The following season Malkin led the NHL in points while Crosby finished third. That year the Penguins finished fourth in the Atlantic Division but advanced again to…

Susanna Mälkki is a Finnish conductor, especially of contemporary composers and opera, known for being the first woman to conduct (2011) a production at Milan’s La Scala and for serving as chief conductor of the Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra beginning in 2016–17. Mälkki grew up in Vuosaari, a

Pavement: …singer, guitarist, and principal songwriter Stephen Malkmus (also known as S.M.; b. May 30, 1966, Santa Monica, California, U.S.) and guitarist Scott Kannberg (also known as Spiral Stairs; b. August 30, 1966, Stockton, California). Manic original drummer Gary Young (b. c. 1954, Marmaroneck, New York), a counterculture veteran who ran…

malcoha, any of several species of cuckoos of southern Asia, especially members of the genus Rhopodytes (often placed in Phaenicophaeus). Malcohas are noted for having a long tail, a stout bill with bristly base, and bare skin around the eyes. They are forest birds that move in a squirrellike

John Malkovich is an American actor who is best known for his roles in a number of commercially and critically successful films, as well as for his work on stage and on television. He gained fame for his performances in the films Dangerous Liaisons (1988), In the Line of Fire (1993), and Being John

John Malkovich is an American actor who is best known for his roles in a number of commercially and critically successful films, as well as for his work on stage and on television. He gained fame for his performances in the films Dangerous Liaisons (1988), In the Line of Fire (1993), and Being John

Melqart, Phoenician god, chief deity of Tyre and of two of its colonies, Carthage and Gadir (Cádiz, Spain). He was also called the Tyrian Baal. Under the name Malku he was equated with the Babylonian Nergal, god of the underworld and death, and thus may have been related to the god Mot of Ras

Kingdom of God: …(basileia) lies the Aramaic term malkut, which Jesus may have used. Malkut refers primarily not to a geographical area or realm nor to the people inhabiting the realm but, rather, to the activity of the king himself, his exercise of sovereign power. The idea might better be conveyed in English…

Ethiopian literature: …the 15th century was the malkʾe (“likeness”), consisting generally of about 50 five-line rhyming stanzas, each addressed to a different physical or moral attribute of the saint apostrophized. As a last example of the religious literature of the “golden age” may be mentioned the “Miracles of Mary,” translated from Arabic…

Thomas Gainsborough: London period of Thomas Gainsborough: …new venture in 1783 was The Mall in St. James’ Park, a park scene described by Horace Walpole as “all a flutter like a lady’s fan.” The Morning Walk (see above), with romanticized figures strolling in a landscape, is painted in the same spirit. The “fancy pictures” painted in the…

Mall of America, shopping and entertainment complex in Bloomington, Minnesota, U.S., that opened in 1992 and that remained in the 2020s the largest mall in the United States in terms of both area and number of retailers. It was developed by the Canada-based Triple Five Group, which had earlier

shopping centre, 20th-century adaptation of the historical marketplace, with accommodation made for automobiles. A shopping centre is a collection of independent retail stores, services, and a parking area conceived, constructed, and maintained by a management firm as a unit. Shopping centres may

Sansi: …pure Sansi ancestry) and the malla (people of mixed ancestry). Some are cultivators and labourers, although many are still nomadic. They trace their descent patrilineally and also serve as the traditional family genealogists of the Jat, a peasant caste. Their religion is simple Hinduism, but a few have converted to…

Malla era, Period of Nepal’s history when the Kathmandu Valley was ruled by the Malla dynasty (10th–18th century). The Malla ruler Jaya Sthiti (r. c. 1382–95) introduced a legal and social code strongly influenced by contemporary Hindu principles. In the early 18th century one of Nepal’s

Malla era, Period of Nepal’s history when the Kathmandu Valley was ruled by the Malla dynasty (10th–18th century). The Malla ruler Jaya Sthiti (r. c. 1382–95) introduced a legal and social code strongly influenced by contemporary Hindu principles. In the early 18th century one of Nepal’s

Joseph Mallalieu was a British politician who was successively minister of defense for the Royal Navy (1966–67), minister of state at the Board of Trade (1967–68), and minister of state at the Ministry of Technology (1968–69) in Harold Wilson’s Labour government of 1964–70. Mallalieu was educated

Joseph Mallalieu was a British politician who was successively minister of defense for the Royal Navy (1966–67), minister of state at the Board of Trade (1967–68), and minister of state at the Ministry of Technology (1968–69) in Harold Wilson’s Labour government of 1964–70. Mallalieu was educated

Wadi Majardah: …two main tributaries are the Oued Mellègue (Wadi Mallāq) and the Oued Tessa (Wadi Tassah). Main riverine settlements include Souk Ahras, in Algeria, and Jendouba (Jundūbah), in Tunisia.

mallard, (Anas platyrhynchos), abundant “wild duck” of the Northern Hemisphere that is the ancestor of most domestic ducks. Breeding throughout Europe, most of Asia, and northern North America, mallards winter as far south as North Africa, India, and southern Mexico. During the 20th century,

François-René-Auguste Mallarmé was a French revolutionist, briefly president of the Convention in 1793. Mallarmé was brought up in his father’s profession as a lawyer and, during the Revolution, was elected by the department of Meurthe as deputy to the Legislative Assembly and the Convention, where

Stéphane Mallarmé was a French poet, an originator (with Paul Verlaine) and a leader of the Symbolist movement in poetry. Mallarmé enjoyed the sheltered security of family life for only five brief years, until the early death of his mother in August 1847. This traumatic experience was echoed 10

Mallas, tribal people in the time of the Buddha (c. 6th–4th century bce), who settled in the northern parts of modern Bihar state, India. Their two most important towns were at Kushinagara (Kusinara) and Pava (located east of modern Gorakhpur). The Mallas had a republican form of government, with

The legendary Anna Wintour is no longer the woman running Vogue magazine. On September 2, 2025, Chloe Malle, the editor of Vogue.com who has spent much of her career at the magazine, was named head of editorial content for the U.S. magazine. The title is a new one for Vogue. The editor-in-chief

Louis Malle was a French motion-picture director whose eclectic films were noted for their emotional realism and stylistic simplicity. Malle’s wealthy family resisted his early interest in film but allowed him to enter the Institute of Advanced Cinematographic Studies in Paris in 1950. After

Eduardo Mallea was an Argentine novelist, essayist, and short-story writer whose psychological novels won critical acclaim. Mallea began as a short-story writer, first achieving recognition with Cuentos para una inglesa desesperada (1926; “Stories for a Desperate Englishwoman”). In 1931 he became

mineral: Tenacity: …described by the following terms: malleable, capable of being flattened under the blows of a hammer into thin sheets without breaking or crumbling into fragments (most of the native elements show various degrees of malleability, but particularly gold, silver, and copper); sectile, capable of being severed by the smooth cut…

iron processing: White iron: …as the starting material for malleable cast irons, in which the cementite formed during casting is decomposed by heat treatment. Such irons contain about 0.6 to 1.3 percent silicon, which is enough to promote cementite decomposition during the heat treatment but not enough to produce graphite flakes during casting. Whiteheart…

mallee, scrubland plant community found in southern Australia, composed primarily of woody shrubs and small trees of the genus Eucalyptus. Mallee ecosystems are in areas with a Mediterranean climate, largely found in Western Australia, the Eyre and York peninsulas of South Australia, and the

Mallee, region of northwestern Victoria, Australia. It occupies about 16,000 square miles (41,000 square km) between the Wimmera and Murray rivers, and its climate is semiarid, with only 10–12 inches (250–300 mm) of rainfall annually. A narrow belt of irrigated land supports vineyards, citrus

megapode: …turkeys (not true turkeys); and mallee fowl, or lowan (Leipoa ocellata), which frequent the mallee, or scrub, vegetation of southern interior Australia. The mallee fowl, the best known of the group, is 65 cm (25.5 inches) long and has white-spotted, light brown plumage. The male builds a mound of decaying…

megapode: …turkeys (not true turkeys); and mallee fowl, or lowan (Leipoa ocellata), which frequent the mallee, or scrub, vegetation of southern interior Australia. The mallee fowl, the best known of the group, is 65 cm (25.5 inches) long and has white-spotted, light brown plumage. The male builds a mound of decaying…

albatross, (family Diomedeidae), any of more than a dozen species of large seabirds that collectively make up the family Diomedeidae (order Procellariiformes). Because of their tameness on land, many albatrosses are known by the common names mollymawk (from the Dutch for “foolish gull”) and gooney.

melioidosis: …caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei (Pseudomonas pseudomallei). Transmission to humans occurs through contact of a skin abrasion with contaminated water or soil rather than through direct contact with a contaminated animal. Inhalation of the pathogen in dust or water droplets also is suspected as a route of infection. The term…

hand tool: Percussive tools: With the mallet and chisel still other interrelations are involved. When working stone, a brittle material that responds to a sharp tool point by breaking into small chips, the sculptor strikes many light blows to remove material. As a consequence, mallets have short handles and the amplitude…

Robert Mallet was an Irish geophysicist, civil engineer, and scientific investigator who is sometimes called the “father of seismology” for his work on earthquakes. He studied at Trinity College and in 1831 took charge of his father’s Victoria foundry, which he expanded into the dominant foundry in

Françoise Mallet-Joris was a Belgian author, of French nationality by marriage, and one of the leading contemporary exponents of the traditional French novel of psychological love analysis. She was born Françoise-Eugénie-Julienne Lilar; her father was a statesman, and her mother, Suzanne Lilar, was

Robert Mallet-Stevens was a French architect known principally for his modernistic works in France during the 1920s and ’30s. Mallet-Stevens received his formal training at the École Speciale d’Architecture, Paris. He came to know the work of other young architects at the Salons d’Automnes of

ear bone: These are the malleus, or hammer, the incus, or anvil, and the stapes, or stirrup. Together they form a short chain that crosses the middle ear and transmits vibrations caused by sound waves from the eardrum membrane to the liquid of the inner ear. The malleus resembles a…

Malleus maleficarum, detailed legal and theological document (c. 1486) regarded as the standard handbook on witchcraft, including its detection and its extirpation, until well into the 18th century. Its appearance did much to spur on and sustain some two centuries of witch-hunting hysteria in

Ern Malley, fictional author, the central figure of a memorable 20th-century Australian literary hoax. See Ern Malley

Aegean civilizations: Period of the Early Palaces in Crete (c. 2000–1700): …just outside the city at Mallia might have been the tomb of the royal clan there. The local inhabitants plundered it during the 19th century, and its modern name—Chrysolakkos (“Gold Hole”)—suggests what they found. A gold cup and jewelry, including elaborate earrings and pendants, acquired by the British Museum in…

Richard Kuklinski: The first, George Malliband, was killed in 1980 after he met with Kuklinski to sell videotapes; his body was found stuffed into a barrel. The second, Louis Masgay, also sought a videotape deal. He was last seen in 1981, and his partially decomposed body was discovered some…

Malakula, volcanic island, the second largest island (781 square miles [2,023 square km]) of Vanuatu, in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It is 58 miles (94 km) long by 27 miles (44 km) wide and lies about 20 miles (32 km) south of Espiritu Santo, across the Bougainville (Malo) Strait. Its central

India: Decentralization and loss of territory: The fact that Devaraya’s son Mallikarjuna (reigned 1446–65) was succeeded by a cousin rather than by his own son was another indication of lessened central control and of the failure of the king and his immediate family to secure their own future, as had been done by many of his…

Harry Mallin was a British boxer, the first man to successfully defend an Olympic boxing title. Mallin was one of the dominant middleweight fighters of his generation. In addition to his Olympic triumphs, he won five British amateur titles and was undefeated in over 300 fights. (Read Gene Tunney’s

Loyola University Chicago, private, coeducational university in Chicago, Illinois, U.S. It is affiliated with the Jesuit order of the Roman Catholic Church. Loyola University was founded in 1870 on the near west side of Chicago as St. Ignatius College by members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman

tigerware: Tin-glazed jugs in this style—called Malling jugs—are among the earliest class of English delftware. Although examples were associated with Kent (where one was excavated), it seems more likely that London was their place of manufacture.

Anguilla, island in the eastern Caribbean Sea, a British overseas territory. It is the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles and lies about 12 miles (19 km) north of the island of Saint Martin and 60 miles (100 km) northwest of Saint Kitts. The Valley is the principal town

India: Oligarchies and kingdoms: …politically were the Audambaras, Arjunayanas, Malavas, Yaudheyas, Shibis, Kunindas, Trigartas, and Abhiras. The Arjunayanas had their base in the present-day Bharatpur-Alwar region. The Malavas appear to have migrated from the Punjab to the Jaipur area, perhaps after the Indo-Greek invasions; they are associated with the Malava era, which has been…

algae: Annotated classification: …silica scales; approximately 250 species; Mallomonas and Synura. Class Xanthophyceae (yellow-green algae) Primarily coccoid, capsoid, or filamentous; mostly in freshwater environments; about 600 species; includes Botrydium, Bumilleriopsis,

Typhoid Mary was an infamous typhoid carrier who allegedly gave rise to multiple outbreaks of typhoid fever. Mary Mallon immigrated to the United States in 1883 and subsequently made her living as a domestic servant, most often as a cook. It is not clear when she became a carrier of the typhoid

chewing louse, (suborder Amblycera and Ischnocera), any of about 2,900 species of small, wingless insects (order Phthiraptera), worldwide in distribution, that have chewing mouthparts, a flattened body, and shortened front legs used to transport food to the mouth. Chewing lice may be from 1 to 5 mm

Majorca, island, Balearic Islands provincia (province) and comunidad autónoma (autonomous community), Spain. Majorca is the largest of the Balearic Islands, which lie in the western Mediterranean Sea. It contains two mountainous regions, each about 50 miles (80 km) in length and occupying the

confession: Confession in contemporary U.S. law: Fifteen years later, in Mallory v. United States (1957), the court reaffirmed the McNabb prompt-arraignment rule by vacating the conviction of a man who had confessed to rape during a delay of more than 18 hours between his arrest and his arraignment.

George Mallory was a British explorer and mountaineer who was a leading member of early expeditions to Mount Everest. His disappearance on that mountain in 1924 became one of the most celebrated mysteries of the 20th century. Mallory’s body was discovered in 1999, though it is unknown if he reached

George Mallory was a British explorer and mountaineer who was a leading member of early expeditions to Mount Everest. His disappearance on that mountain in 1924 became one of the most celebrated mysteries of the 20th century. Mallory’s body was discovered in 1999, though it is unknown if he reached

Molla Mallory was a Norwegian-born U.S. tennis player who was the only woman to win the U.S. singles championship eight times. She defeated Suzanne Lenglen of France for the U.S. title in 1921, the only loss in Lenglen’s amateur career. Mallory was known for her endurance and baseline game, relying

American Civil War: The naval war: …capable secretary of the navy, Stephen Mallory. He dispatched agents to Europe to purchase warships, sought to refurbish captured or scuttled Federal vessels, and made every effort to arm and employ Southern-owned ships then in Confederate ports. Mallory’s only major omission was his delay in seeing the advantage of Confederate…

digestive system disease: Diverticula: …and stomach is called a Mallory-Weiss lesion. At this site, the mucosa is firmly tethered to the underlying structures and, when repeated retching occurs, this part of the lining is unable to slide and suffers a tear. The tear leads to immediate pain beneath the lower end of the sternum…

capelin, (Mallotus villosus), marine food fish, a species of smelt, in the family Osmeridae (order Osmeriformes). The capelin is an inhabitant of cold Arctic seas around the world but extends southward to coastal waters in the northern temperate regions. Unlike many other species of smelt, the

mallow, any of several flowering plants in the hibiscus, or mallow, family (Malvaceae), especially those of the genera Hibiscus and Malva. Hibiscus species include the great rose mallow (H. grandiflorus), with large white to purplish flowers; the soldier rose mallow (H. militaris), a shrub that

Malvaceae, the hibiscus, or mallow, family (order Malvales) containing some 243 genera and at least 4,225 species of herbs, shrubs, and trees. Representatives occur in all except the coldest parts of the world but are most numerous in the tropics. A number of species are economically important,

Malvales, medium-sized order, known as the Hibiscus or mallow order, mostly of woody plants, consisting of 10 families, 338 genera, and about 6,000 species. The plants grow in various habitats throughout much of the world, and a number of members are important commercially. In the Angiosperm

Sir Max Mallowan was a British archaeologist who made major contributions as an excavator and educator. After receiving a degree in classics at New College, Oxford, he began his long career as a field archaeologist. His excavations were carried out in the Near East, at first as assistant to Sir

Sir Max Mallowan was a British archaeologist who made major contributions as an excavator and educator. After receiving a degree in classics at New College, Oxford, he began his long career as a field archaeologist. His excavations were carried out in the Near East, at first as assistant to Sir

confession: Confession in contemporary U.S. law: First, in Malloy v. Hogan (1964), the Supreme Court finally established that the Fifth Amendment’s self-incrimination clause applies to the states as well as to the federal government. By extending the privilege against self-incrimination to state defendants, Malloy laid the groundwork for one of the most controversial…

thing, in medieval Scandinavia, the local, provincial, and, in Iceland, national assemblies of freemen that formed the fundamental unit of government and law. Meeting at fixed intervals, the things, in which democratic practices were influenced by male heads of households, legislated at all levels,

Dolly Varden trout, (species Salvelinus malma), char of the family Salmonidae, found in northwestern North America and northeastern Asia. It has yellow spots on the back, reddish spots on the sides, and a white edge on the lower fins; it takes its name from that of a character in Charles Dickens’

World War I: The Western Front, June–December 1917: Maistre’s 10th Army, in the Battle of Malmaison, took the ridge of the Chemin des Dames, north of the Aisne to the east of Soissons, where the front in Champagne joined the front in Picardy south of the Somme.

Rueil-Malmaison: …château at the site called Malmaison (House of Misfortune). It was purchased in 1799 and enlarged by Joséphine Bonaparte, first wife of Napoleon, and later empress of the French; Napoleon stayed there between campaigns and spent a short while there after his defeat in 1815. It is now a museum.…

Eupen-et-Malmédy: …rédimés (“redeemed cantons”) of Eupen, Malmédy, and Sankt Vith. Until 1794 the region was part of the duchy of Limbourg, the ecclesiastical principality of Stavelot-Malmédy, and the duchy of Luxembourg. Under French rule from 1794 to 1814, it belonged to the Ourthe département (the present Liège province). Most of the…

Malmesbury, town (parish), administrative and historic county of Wiltshire, southwest-central England. It is situated in the northwestern part of the county on a ridge between the River Avon (Lower, or Bristol, Avon) and a tributary. The town, one of the oldest in England, developed around the