Catholic Action: …workers by Father (later Cardinal) Joseph Cardijn.

Paul Hindemith: …of Mary”); and the opera Cardillac (1926), based on E.T.A. Hoffmann’s Das Fräulein von Scuderi (“The Girl from Scuderi”). By the late 1920s Hindemith was regarded as the foremost German composer of his generation.

Ben Cardin is an American politician who represented Maryland as a Democrat to the U.S. Senate (2007–25). He previously served in the U.S. House of Representatives (1987–2007). Cardin declined to run for reelection in 2024, and his seat was won by Democrat Angela Alsobrooks. Cardin was born into a

Ben Cardin is an American politician who represented Maryland as a Democrat to the U.S. Senate (2007–25). He previously served in the U.S. House of Representatives (1987–2007). Cardin declined to run for reelection in 2024, and his seat was won by Democrat Angela Alsobrooks. Cardin was born into a

Pierre Cardin was a French designer of clothes for women and also a pioneer in the design of high fashion for men. Cardin’s father, a wealthy French wine merchant, wished him to study architecture, but from childhood he was interested in dressmaking. At 17 he went to Vichy, Fr., to become a tailor

cardinal, a member of the Sacred College of Cardinals, whose duties include electing the pope, acting as his principal counselors, and aiding in the government of the Roman Catholic Church throughout the world. Cardinals serve as chief officials of the Roman Curia (the papal bureaucracy), as

northern cardinal, (Cardinalis cardinalis), common North American songbird species best known for its bright-red plumage, which occurs in the male, and classified in the family Cardinalidae (order Passeriformes). It can be found in a wide variety of habitats, including tall brush, vines, urban

cardinal, any of various medium-size thick-billed species of songbirds of the New World, many with crested heads. The males all sport at least some bright red plumage. All species are nonmigratory and give clear whistled songs. One of the most popular, widespread, and abundant of the North American

cardinal: The College of Cardinals: The cardinal bishops are the successors of the bishops of the sees just outside Rome. There were seven of these sees in the 8th century, but the number was later reduced to six. Prior to 1962 each of the cardinal bishops had full jurisdiction in his…

cardinal camerlengo, in Roman Catholicism, one of the cardinals and key prelates of the Vatican who is appointed by the pope and is tasked with a specific series of functions in the crucial time of transition from one pope to his successor, including verifying the vacating pope’s death. The role of

cardinal: The College of Cardinals: The cardinal deacons are the successors of the seven regional deacons. By the 10th–11th century there were 18 deaconries in the city, and the reform of Urban II assigned a cardinal deacon to each of them. Originally, the order was limited to those who had advanced…

Louis I de Lorraine, cardinal de Guise was the brother of François, 2nd duc de Guise. Named bishop of Troyes (1545) and of Albi (1550), he became in 1553 “cardinal de Guise”—to distinguish him from his brother, the eminent Charles, cardinal de Lorraine (q.v.). Unlike his brothers, he preferred the

El Greco: Later life and works of El Greco: (1609) and Cardinal Don Fernando Niño de Guevara (c. 1600). Both are seated, as was customary after the time of Raphael in portraits presenting important ecclesiastics. Paravicino, a Trinitarian monk and a famous orator and poet, is depicted as a sensitive, intelligent man. The pose is essentially…

cardinal fish, any fish of the family Apogonidae (order Perciformes), a group including about 200 species of small, typically nocturnal fishes found in tropical and subtropical waters. The majority of cardinal fishes are marine and live among reefs in shallow water. Some, such as Astrapogon (or

cardinal flower, (Lobelia cardinalis), perennial flowering plant of the genus Lobelia (family Campanulaceae) native to North and Central America. The plant bears spikes of scarlet, white, or pink lipped flowers on leafy stems up to 1.5 metres (5 feet) tall. Cardinal flowers are cultivated as

continuum hypothesis: …of its elements, or its cardinality. (See set theory: Cardinality and transfinite numbers.) In these terms, the continuum hypothesis can be stated as follows: The cardinality of the continuum is the smallest uncountable cardinal number.

cardinal: The College of Cardinals: …Cardinals is that of the cardinal priests, the successors of the early body of priests serving the title churches of Rome. Since the 11th century this order has been more conspicuously international than the orders of cardinal bishops and deacons, including the bishops of important sees from throughout the world.

Rowland V. Lee: Cardinal Richelieu (1935) was a well-mounted historical drama, with George Arliss as the crafty Richelieu and Edward Arnold as the manipulatable Louis XIII. Lee’s version of The Three Musketeers (1935)—which he also cowrote—suffered from a middling cast, but Love from a Stranger (1937; also known…

northern cardinal, (Cardinalis cardinalis), common North American songbird species best known for its bright-red plumage, which occurs in the male, and classified in the family Cardinalidae (order Passeriformes). It can be found in a wide variety of habitats, including tall brush, vines, urban

mortal sin, in Roman Catholic theology, the gravest of sins, representing a deliberate turning away from God and destroying charity (love) in the heart of the sinner. A mortal sin is defined as a grave action that is committed in full knowledge of its gravity and with the full consent of the

Milwaukee: The contemporary city: University (1881), Alverno College (1887), Cardinal Stritch University (1937), the Medical College of Wisconsin (1893), Mount Mary University (1913), Milwaukee School of Engineering (1903), Milwaukee Area Technical College (1912), and the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee (1885). Milwaukee has a symphony orchestra and ballet and opera companies, as well as other theatre…

lighthouse: Buoyage systems: …systems divide buoys into Lateral, Cardinal, and associated classes. Lateral buoys are used to mark channels. In region A a can-profile (i.e., cylindrical) red buoy with a red light indicates the port (left) side of the channel when proceeding in the direction of buoyage, while a conical green buoy indicates…

agricultural technology: Temperature: …three temperature points are the cardinal temperatures for a given plant; the cardinal temperatures are known for most plant species, at least approximately. Cool-season crops (oats, rye, wheat, and barley) have low cardinal temperatures: minimum 32° to 41° F (0° to 5° C), optimum 77° to 88° F (25° το…

tetra: The cardinal tetra (Cheirodon axelrodi) of Brazil is similar but with more red on its body.

animal development: Circulatory organs: …heart through a system of cardinal veins. These latter veins start their development in the form of an irregular sinus around the pronephros, connected by the common cardinal veins (ducts of Cuvier), on either side, to the sinus venosus. Extensions anteriorly and posteriorly give rise to the precardinal and postcardinal…

phonetics: Vowels: …eight vowels known as the cardinal vowels has been devised to act as reference points. This set of vowels is defined partly in articulatory and partly in auditory terms. Cardinal vowel number one is defined as the highest and farthest front tongue position that can be made without producing a…

John Fell: …including his own college of Christ Church, where he built the bell tower and hung the celebrated Great Tom bell, which continues to toll nightly at 9 o’clock. He began the construction of the Sheldonian Theatre, installed the university press in it, set up a type foundry, and encouraged the…

André Cardinal Destouches was a French opera and ballet composer of the period between Jean-Baptiste Lully and Jean-Philippe Rameau. André Cardinal was the son of a wealthy Parisian merchant, Etienne Cardinal, Seigneur des Touches et de Guilleville, but he did not take any form of the patronym

French literature: Feminist writers: La Bâtarde) and Marie Cardinal in Les Mots pour le dire (1975; The Words to Say It). Creative writers in the realist mode addressed a widening popular readership with accounts of the lives of women trapped in slum housing and dead-end jobs. Notable works in this mode include…

Otto Preminger: Later films: …Advise &Consent did for politics, The Cardinal (1963) tried to do for religion. The film followed a young Roman Catholic priest (Tom Tryon) over several decades as he endures a number of challenges to his religious convictions before he is elevated to cardinal. Dorothy Gish, John Huston, and Ossie Davis…

Once upon a Time in the West: Jill (played by Claudia Cardinale) is a mail-order bride who arrives in the fictional town of Flagstone, Arizona, to find her new husband and his children murdered by a gunman named Frank (Fonda). Frank is in the employ of a railroad baron named Morton (Gabriele Ferzetti), who wants…

northern cardinal, (Cardinalis cardinalis), common North American songbird species best known for its bright-red plumage, which occurs in the male, and classified in the family Cardinalidae (order Passeriformes). It can be found in a wide variety of habitats, including tall brush, vines, urban

cardinal: The desert cardinal (C. sinuatus) is common to the thorn scrub of the American Southwest. Less showy than the northern cardinal, this gray bird with a red mask is also called pyrrhuloxia (formerly part of the bird’s scientific name, combining the Latin name for the bullfinch…

continuum hypothesis: …of its elements, or its cardinality. (See set theory: Cardinality and transfinite numbers.) In these terms, the continuum hypothesis can be stated as follows: The cardinality of the continuum is the smallest uncountable cardinal number.

St. Louis Cardinals, American professional baseball team established in 1882 that plays in the National League (NL). Based in St. Louis, Missouri, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series titles and 23 league pennants. Second only to the New York Yankees in World Series championships, St. Louis is

Sacred College of Cardinals, the group of bishops and archbishops in the Roman Catholic Church who have been created cardinals by the pope. Its members serve as the pope’s key advisers and assistants in his administration of the church. According to the Code of Canon Law, the two most important

carding, in textile production, a process of separating individual fibres, using a series of dividing and redividing steps, that causes many of the fibres to lie parallel to one another while also removing most of the remaining impurities. Carding may be done by hand, using hand carders (pinned

carding machine, Machine for carding textile fibres. In the 18th century, hand carding was laborious and constituted a bottleneck in the newly mechanized production of textiles. Several inventors worked to develop machines to perform the task, notably John Kay, Oliver Evans, Lewis Paul, R.

Caesar salad: …(1920–33), an Italian-born restaurateur named Cesare Cardini (1896–1956) moved his restaurant from San Diego, California, to Tijuana, Mexico, so that he could consume and serve alcohol without fear of legal retribution. His restaurant, known as Caesar’s, lay just across the U.S.-Mexican border and was popular with bibulous Americans as well…

Cardioceras, genus of ammonite cephalopods, extinct animals related to the modern pearly nautilus and characteristic as fossils in rocks of the Late Jurassic Period (about 161 million to 146 million years ago). The several species known are excellent index, or guide, fossils for Jurassic rocks,

diagnosis: Emergency: …caused by inadequate blood volume, cardiogenic shock is caused by reduced heart function, and neurogenic shock and septic shock are caused by malfunction of the vascular system. This malfunction, which can be caused by severe allergic reaction such as anaphylaxis or by drug overdose, results in severely reduced peripheral vascular…

electromechanical transducer: Linearity and directivity: …common directional microphone is the cardioid microphone, so called because, when the intensity response as a function of angle is plotted on a polar graph, the curve is heart-shaped. A cardioid microphone is useful for recording live performances, where it is desirable to eliminate audience noise. A shotgun microphone has…

cardiology, medical specialty dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and abnormalities involving the heart and blood vessels. Cardiology is a medical, not surgical, discipline. Cardiologists provide the continuing care of patients with cardiovascular disease, performing basic studies

cardiomyopathy, any cardiac disease process that results in heart failure due to a decrease in the pumping power of the heart or due to an impairment in the filling of the cardiac chambers. Persons with cardiomyopathy frequently retain excess fluid, resulting in congestion of the lungs, and have

cardiovascular disease: Cardiopulmonary bypass: Cardiopulmonary bypass serves as a temporary substitute for a patient’s heart and lungs during the course of open-heartsurgery. The patient’s blood is pumped through a heart-lung machine for

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), emergency procedure for providing artificial respiration and blood circulation when normal breathing and circulation have stopped, usually as a result of trauma such as heart attack or near drowning. CPR buys time for the trauma victim by supplying

esophagus: …gastric juices in the esophagus; achalasia, an inability to swallow or to pass food from the esophagus to the stomach, caused by destruction of the nerve endings in the walls of the esophagus; scleroderma, a collagen disease; and spasms of the esophageal muscles.

balloon vine, (species Cardiospermum halicacabum), woody perennial vine in the soapberry family (Sapindaceae) that is native to subtropical and tropical America. It is naturalized and cultivated widely as an ornamental for its white flowers and its nearly globular inflated fruits, which are about

steroid: Cardiotonic steroids: ) Preparations in which cardiotonic steroids of both vegetable and animal origin are the active principles have been used as emetics, diuretics, and arrow poisons for centuries. The use of digitalis, ouabain, and strophanthin glycosides to slow the rate and strengthen the contractility of…

cardiovascular disease, any of the diseases, whether congenital or acquired, of the heart and blood vessels. Among the most important are atherosclerosis, rheumatic heart disease, and vascular inflammation. Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of health problems and death. (Read Britannica’s

cardiovascular drug, any agent that affects the function of the heart and blood vessels. Drugs that act on the cardiovascular system are among the most widely used in medicine. Examples of disorders in which such drugs may be useful include hypertension (high blood pressure), angina pectoris (chest

cardiovascular disease, any of the diseases, whether congenital or acquired, of the heart and blood vessels. Among the most important are atherosclerosis, rheumatic heart disease, and vascular inflammation. Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of health problems and death. (Read Britannica’s

Treaty of Cardis, (1661), peace settlement between Russia and Sweden, ending the war begun in 1656 and maintaining the territorial accords of the earlier Treaty of Stolbovo. See Stolbovo, Treaty

land crab: Cardisoma guanhumi, a land crab of Bermuda, the West Indies, and the southern United States, lives in fields, swamps, and mangrove thickets. Some penetrate inland as far as 8 km (about 5 miles). Adults weigh about 0.5 kg (18 ounces) and measure about 11 cm…

Cagliari, city, capital of the island regione of Sardinia, Italy. It lies at the northern extremity of the Gulf of Cagliari, on the south coast of the island. Although it was probably occupied in prehistoric times, its foundation is attributed to the Phoenicians. It was known to the Greeks as

cardoon, (Cynara cardunculus), thistlelike perennial herb of the family Asteraceae, native to southern Europe and North Africa, where it is used as a vegetable. Its blanched inner leaves and stalk (called the chard, though not to be confused with Swiss chard, or leaf beet) and thick main roots are

Fernando Henrique Cardoso is a Brazilian sociologist, teacher, and politician who was president of Brazil from 1995 to 2003. Cardoso became a professor of sociology at the University of São Paulo in 1958, but the military government that took power in 1964 blacklisted him from teaching in the

Brazilian literature: The novel: …with mid-20th-century novelists such as Lúcio Cardoso, whose Crônica da casa assassinada (1959; “Chronicle of the Assassinated House”) offered new introspective and psychological insights into the many dimensions of reality. Osman Lins, who began writing in the 1950s, built an oeuvre around the self-conscious process of writing in the context…

Benjamin Nathan Cardozo was an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court from 1932 to 1938. Cardozo was a creative common-law judge and legal essayist who influenced a trend in American appellate judging toward greater involvement with public policy and a consequent modernization of

Nigel Dennis: …most notably in his novel Cards of Identity (1955).

Bartolommeo Carducci was an Italian-born painter, architect, and sculptor who was active in Spain. Carducci studied architecture and sculpture under Bartolommeo Ammannati and painting under Federico Zuccari. He accompanied Zuccari to Madrid, where he painted the ceiling of the Escorial library,

Giosuè Carducci was an Italian poet, winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1906, and one of the most influential literary figures of his age. The son of a republican country doctor, Carducci spent his childhood in the wild Maremma region of southern Tuscany. He studied at the University of

Vincenzo Carducci was an Italian-born painter. Carducci was the brother of artist Bartolommeo Carducci, whom he accompanied to Spain in 1585. Vincenzo succeeded his brother in 1609 as court painter to Philip III. Trained by his brother in the style of Italian Mannerism, he was one of the leading

Bartolommeo Carducci was an Italian-born painter, architect, and sculptor who was active in Spain. Carducci studied architecture and sculpture under Bartolommeo Ammannati and painting under Federico Zuccari. He accompanied Zuccari to Madrid, where he painted the ceiling of the Escorial library,

Vincenzo Carducci was an Italian-born painter. Carducci was the brother of artist Bartolommeo Carducci, whom he accompanied to Spain in 1585. Vincenzo succeeded his brother in 1609 as court painter to Philip III. Trained by his brother in the style of Italian Mannerism, he was one of the leading

Carduelidae, formerly accepted name of a family of songbirds, order Passeriformes, consisting of about 112 species of gregarious, active little songbirds found in woodlands and brushlands worldwide, except in the Pacific islands. Notable members counted among this family were goldfinches and

Carduelidae, formerly accepted name of a family of songbirds, order Passeriformes, consisting of about 112 species of gregarious, active little songbirds found in woodlands and brushlands worldwide, except in the Pacific islands. Notable members counted among this family were goldfinches and

linnet, (Carduelis, sometimes Acanthis, cannabina), seed-eating European finch of the family Fringillidae (order Passeriformes). It is 13 cm (5 inches) long and brown streaked, with a white-edged forked tail; the crown and breast of the male are red. It is a hedgerow singer, and flocks forage for

goldfinch: 5-inch) European goldfinch (C. carduelis) of western Eurasia has been introduced into Australia, New Zealand, Bermuda, and the United States (where it has not become established). It is brownish and black, with a red–white–black head pattern and gold in the wings (sexes alike). The 13-cm (5-inch)…

greenfinch: 5-inch) European greenfinch (C. chloris) has been introduced into Australia. The Chinese, or Oriental, greenfinch (C. sinica) of eastern Asia is a dooryard bird in Japan.

siskin: 5-inch) pine siskin (C. pinus) of North America has yellow wing and tail bars. The common siskin (C. spinus) of Europe has a black cap and yellow-tinged breast.

goldfinch: The 10-cm (4-inch) dark-backed goldfinch (C. psaltria) ranges from the western U.S. (where it is called lesser goldfinch) to Peru.

greenfinch: The Chinese, or Oriental, greenfinch (C. sinica) of eastern Asia is a dooryard bird in Japan.

siskin: The common siskin (C. spinus) of Europe has a black cap and yellow-tinged breast.

American goldfinch, (Spinus tristis), small acrobatic songbird native to North America. Males are known for their distinctive, bright yellow plumage that contrasts with their black tail, cap, and wings. They are also known for their call, a vocalization that sounds like “po-ta-to-chip” or

thistle: …the genus Carduus, sometimes called plumeless thistles, have spiny stems and flower heads without ray flowers. Canadian thistle (Cirsium arvense) is a troublesome weed in agricultural areas of North America, and more than 10 species of sow thistle (Sonchus) are widespread throughout Europe. Some species of globe thistle (Echinops) are…

Edward Cardwell, Viscount Cardwell was a British statesman who, as secretary of state for war (1868–74), was considered to be the greatest British military reformer of the 19th century, modernizing the organization and equipment of the British army in the face of strenuous opposition at home. The

Stanislav Smirnov: In 1992 British physicist John Cardy postulated a formula for the final value of the critical probability. In 2001 Smirnov showed that percolation in the scaling limit for a two-dimensional triangular lattice was conformally invariant—that is, was not changed if the lattice was stretched or squeezed. This result proved…

Türkmenabat, city and administrative centre, Lebap oblast (province), Turkmenistan, on the Amu Darya (ancient Oxus River). The second largest city in Turkmenistan, it was founded as a Russian military settlement when the Transcaspian Railway reached the Amu Darya in 1886. It is now a rail junction

Lebap, oblast (province), southeastern Turkmenistan. It lies along the middle reaches of the Amu Darya (ancient Oxus River), with the Karakum Desert on the left bank and the Kyzylkum and Sundukli deserts on the right. It is largely flat, but in the extreme southeast the spurs of the Gissar

CARE, international aid and development organization that operates in some 35 countries worldwide. CARE was formed in 1945 as an umbrella organization for a group of U.S. and Canadian associations working to help rebuild war-torn western Europe. Rather than disband after Europe had recovered, the

ethics of care, feminist philosophical perspective that uses a relational and context-bound approach toward morality and decision making. The term ethics of care refers to ideas concerning both the nature of morality and normative ethical theory. The ethics of care perspective stands in stark

juvenile justice: Great Britain: …in what is called a care proceeding, which is based on the idea that the child is in need of court-ordered care, protection, or control because one of a number of conditions is satisfied. Reasons for care proceedings can include neglect or assault by parents, but they always stem from…

harbours and sea works: Floating dry docks: …waterline, can be reached by careening, a process that involves filling the water ballast tanks along one side to induce a list that lifts those on the other side part of the way out of the water. On completion, the process can be reversed for the other side.

recidivism, tendency toward chronic criminal behaviour leading to numerous arrests and re-imprisonment. Studies of the yearly intake of prisons, reformatories, and jails in the United States and Europe show that from one-half to two-thirds of those imprisoned have served previous sentences in the

vocational education, instruction intended to equip persons for industrial or commercial occupations. It may be obtained either formally in trade schools, technical secondary schools, or in on-the-job training programs or, more informally, by picking up the necessary skills on the job. (Read Arne

Mike Leigh: After Career Girls (1997), which affectionately depicts a reunion between two former roommates, Leigh wrote and directed Topsy-Turvy (1999). In a departure from his work to that point, which typically followed wholly fictional characters in present-day contexts, the film centres on the famous 19th-century partnership of…

Every year the four major tournaments of professional tennis—the Australian Open, the French Open, the U.S. Open, and the Wimbledon Championships—each crown a new champion. While winning any one of these tournaments a single time is certainly impressive, it takes a truly special player to complete

J.K. Rowling: The Cormoran Strike series and other books: Later installments include Career of Evil (2015), Lethal White (2018), Troubled Blood (2020), The Ink Black Heart (2022), The Running Grave (2023), and The Hallmarked Man (2025). The series centers on the private detective Cormoran Strike, a war veteran who lost part of his leg while in Afghanistan,…

John Herman Randall, Jr.: His Career of Philosophy in Modern Times, 2 vol. (1962–65), is an analysis of the historical context surrounding the 17th- and 18th-century assimilation of science into traditional interpretive frameworks.

Fred Astaire: Astaire and Rogers: Only once—in Carefree (1938)—did Astaire and Rogers share an on-screen kiss, and then only in a dream sequence.

Enfants sans Souci, (French: Carefree Children), one of the largest of the sociétés joyeuses of medieval France, an association of the merchants, craftsmen, and students of Paris, founded for the purpose of staging theatrical entertainments and other amusements. Such societies are thought to be

Elizabeth George: …No One as Witness (2005), Careless in Red (2008), Just One Evil Act (2013), The Punishment She Deserves (2018), and Something to Hide (2022). Between 2001 and 2008 the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and the public television station WGBH in Boston coproduced a television series based on the Lynley novels.

Elizabeth Murray: …1990s, in works such as Careless Love (1995–96), she constructed her canvases to extend a bit from the wall, giving them sculptural and spatial qualities. She designed two mosaic murals for the New York City subway system: Blooming (1996), at 59th Street and Lexington Avenue, Manhattan, and Stream (2001), at…

Steve Carell is an American comedian and actor known for both his television work—most notably on The Daily Show and The Office—and his numerous films. The latter includes The 40-Year-Old Virgin (2005), Little Miss Sunshine (2006), and Foxcatcher (2014). After graduating from Denison University in

Steve Carell is an American comedian and actor known for both his television work—most notably on The Daily Show and The Office—and his numerous films. The latter includes The 40-Year-Old Virgin (2005), Little Miss Sunshine (2006), and Foxcatcher (2014). After graduating from Denison University in

Marie-Antoine Carême was a French chef who served the royalty of Europe, wrote several classic works on cuisine, and advanced the notion of cuisine as both an art and a science. He is often cited as the founder of French gastronomy and was a pioneer of grande cuisine. Carême was born into a poor

Marie-Antoine Carême was a French chef who served the royalty of Europe, wrote several classic works on cuisine, and advanced the notion of cuisine as both an art and a science. He is often cited as the founder of French gastronomy and was a pioneer of grande cuisine. Carême was born into a poor

snailfish: …pink-coloured species of the genus Careproctus, inhabit the deep sea.

Fernand Khnopff: In 1896 he painted The Caresses (The Sphinx), his best-known work. The painting’s subject is an interpretation of Moreau’s Oedipus and the Sphinx (1864) and features a hybrid human-leopard nestled next to an androgynous Oedipus.