Copa América: …tournament is governed by the Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol (CONMEBOL; South American Football Federation) and features CONMEBOL’s 10 member countries—Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and

Conn O’Neill, 1st earl of Tyrone was the first of the O’Neills to emerge as leaders of the native Irish as a result of England’s attempts to subjugate the country in the 16th century. Conn, who was related through his mother to the Earl of Kildare (Fitzgerald), became chief of the Tyrone branch of

Conn Cétchathach was, in Irish tradition, the first of a line of Irish kings that survived into the 11th century. He is said to have ruled a kingdom covering most of the northern half of the island. Because Conn’s exploits are recorded only in heroic sagas, some historians regard him as a poetical

Conn Cétchathach was, in Irish tradition, the first of a line of Irish kings that survived into the 11th century. He is said to have ruled a kingdom covering most of the northern half of the island. Because Conn’s exploits are recorded only in heroic sagas, some historians regard him as a poetical

ice hockey: The National Hockey League: …high degree of skill; the Conn Smythe Trophy, for the playoffs’ outstanding performer; the Frank J. Selke Trophy, for the best defensive forward; the Jack Adams Award, for the coach of the year; the Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy, for the player who best exemplifies sportsmanship, perseverance, and dedication to hockey;…

Conn O’Neill, 1st earl of Tyrone was the first of the O’Neills to emerge as leaders of the native Irish as a result of England’s attempts to subjugate the country in the 16th century. Conn, who was related through his mother to the Earl of Kildare (Fitzgerald), became chief of the Tyrone branch of

hyperaldosteronism, increased secretion of the hormone aldosterone by the cells of the zona glomerulosa (the outer zone) of the adrenal cortex. The primary actions of aldosterone are to increase retention of salt and water and to increase excretion of potassium by the kidneys and to a lesser extent

Elkhart: …began there in 1874 by Charles G. Conn, who at first produced rubber-rimmed cornet mouthpieces and after 1876 whole brass instruments; his company (now one of the world’s largest makers of wind instruments), followed by others, has made Elkhart a national centre of band-instrument manufacturing. The city’s pharmaceutical industry was…

Connaught, one of the five ancient kingdoms or provinces of Ireland, lying in the western and northwestern areas of the island. Its eastern boundary is the middle course of the River Shannon. Connaught is the poorest part of the Irish republic and comprises the modern counties of Mayo, Sligo,

Jean Picard: …founded and became editor of La Connaissance des temps ou des mouvements célestes (“Knowledge of Time or the Celestial Motions”), the first national astronomical ephemeris, or collection of tables giving the positions of celestial bodies at regular intervals.

John F. Kennedy: Assassination of John F. Kennedy: John B. Connally, Jr., and Sen. Ralph Yarborough, both Democrats. To present a show of unity, the president decided to tour the state with both men. On Friday, November 22, 1963, he and Jacqueline Kennedy were in an open limousine riding slowly in a motorcade…

John F. Kennedy: Assassination of John F. Kennedy: John B. Connally, Jr., and Sen. Ralph Yarborough, both Democrats. To present a show of unity, the president decided to tour the state with both men. On Friday, November 22, 1963, he and Jacqueline Kennedy were in an open limousine riding slowly in a motorcade…

Connaraceae, family of dicotyledonous flowering plants within the order Oxalidales, and containing 25 genera of trees, shrubs, and shrubby, twining climbers distributed in tropical regions of the world. Except for a few species bearing separate male and female flowers, the flowers are bisexual and

Connaraceae: Connarus guianensis of Guyana is the source of one of the zebra woods of commerce. The fruits, seeds, or leaves of many other species are poisonous and are used, among other things, against wild dogs and coyotes in poisoned baits (e.g., Rourea volubilis, R. glabra,…

angiosperm: General features: …are often united or fused: connation is the fusion of similar organs—e.g., the fused petals in the morning glory; adnation is the fusion of different organs—for example, the stamens fused to petals in the mint family (Lamiaceae). The basic floral pattern consists of alternating whorls of organs positioned concentrically: from…

Connaught, one of the five ancient kingdoms or provinces of Ireland, lying in the western and northwestern areas of the island. Its eastern boundary is the middle course of the River Shannon. Connaught is the poorest part of the Irish republic and comprises the modern counties of Mayo, Sligo,

Arthur William Patrick Albert, duke of Connaught and Strathearn was the duke of Connaught and Strathearn, the third son of Queen Victoria and Prince Consort Albert. He held various military appointments and served as the governor-general of Canada. Prince Arthur, his mother’s favourite son, was

Conneaut, city, Ashtabula county, extreme northeastern Ohio, U.S., about 70 miles (115 km) northeast of Cleveland. It lies along Lake Erie at the mouth of Conneaut Creek and is adjacent to the Pennsylvania border. A temporary settlement, Fort Independence, was made there by a group from the

number game: Graphs and networks: A connected graph is one in which every vertex, or point (or, in the case of a solid, a corner), is connected to every other point by an arc; an arc denotes an unbroken succession of edges. A route that never passes over an edge more…

connectedness, in mathematics, fundamental topological property of sets that corresponds with the usual intuitive idea of having no breaks. It is of fundamental importance because it is one of the few properties of geometric figures that remains unchanged after a homeomorphism—that is, a

Connecticut, constituent state of the United States of America. It was one of the original 13 states and is one of the six New England states. Connecticut is located in the northeastern corner of the country. It ranks 48th among the 50 U.S. states in terms of total area but is among the most

Seawolf-class submarine: Concept and history: …submarines: Seawolf (commissioned in 1997), Connecticut (commissioned in 1998), and Jimmy Carter (commissioned in 2005). Seawolf and Connecticut cost $3 billion to build, and Jimmy Carter cost $3.5 billion. By the time Jimmy Carter was commissioned, the navy had already transitioned to the smaller and cheaper Virginia-class (SSN 774) nuclear-powered…

origins of agriculture: Maize, or corn: Jones of the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station discovered the answer, the “double cross.”

University of Connecticut, state system of universities composed of a main campus in Storrs and branches in Groton (called Avery Point), Hartford (West Hartford), Stamford, Torrington, and Waterbury, as well as a health centre in Farmington. All campuses are coeducational. The Storrs campus

Connecticut College, Private liberal-arts college in New London, Conn. It was founded in 1911 as a women’s college, and became coeducational in 1969. It offers a range of programs leading to the bachelor’s degree. It maintains centers for international studies, conservation biology, and arts and

Connecticut Compromise, in United States history, the compromise offered by Connecticut delegates Roger Sherman and Oliver Ellsworth during the drafting of the Constitution of the United States at the 1787 convention to solve the dispute between small and large states over representation in the new

Gordon Bunshaft: Bunshaft’s Connecticut General Life Insurance Company headquarters (Bloomfield, 1957) is in the same style. His later buildings show a departure from the Miesian ideal, beginning with the Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Yale University (1963), and reaching a climax with the low, horizontal travertine Lyndon…

Connecticut River, longest stream in New England, rising in the Connecticut lakes in northern New Hampshire, U.S. After flowing about 9 miles (14 km) through New Hampshire, it moves roughly southwestward, and the low water mark on the river’s western side forms the border between New Hampshire and

Cesar Pelli: …a commission to design the Connecticut Science Center in Hartford. It was completed in June 2009.

mental health: Developments in the 20th century: …Beers in 1908 organized the Connecticut Society for Mental Hygiene, the first association of its kind. In its charter, members were charged with responsibility for the same pursuits that continue to concern mental health associations to this day: improvement of standards of care for persons affected by mental conditions, prevention…

University of Connecticut, state system of universities composed of a main campus in Storrs and branches in Groton (called Avery Point), Hartford (West Hartford), Stamford, Torrington, and Waterbury, as well as a health centre in Farmington. All campuses are coeducational. The Storrs campus

Connecticut Sun, American professional basketball team that plays in the Eastern Conference of the Women’s National Basketball Association (WNBA). For the first four years of its existence, the franchise was based in Orlando, Florida, and was named the Orlando Miracle. The team moved to Uncasville,

Hartford wit, any of a group of Federalist poets centred around Hartford, Conn., who collaborated to produce a considerable body of political satire just after the American Revolution. Employing burlesque verse modelled upon Samuel Butler’s Hudibras and Alexander Pope’s Dunciad, the wits advocated

Tay Garnett: Films of the 1940s: …also had box-office success with A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court (1949), an adaptation of Mark Twain’s novel that starred Bing Crosby.

A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court, satirical novel by Mark Twain, published in 1889. It is the tale of a commonsensical Yankee who is carried back in time to Britain in the Dark Ages, and it celebrates homespun ingenuity and democratic values in contrast to the superstitious ineptitude of

Lorenz Hart: Collaboration with Richard Rodgers: …musical comedies, among which were A Connecticut Yankee (1927), The Boys from Syracuse (1938; an adaptation of Shakespeare’s The Comedy of Errors), and, perhaps their masterwork, Pal Joey (1940).

David Butler: …Rogers in several movies, including A Connecticut Yankee (1931), an adaptation of Mark Twain’s novel; Down to Earth (1932); Handy Andy (1934); and Doubting Thomas (1935).

U.S. state flag consisting of a blue field (background) with a central coat of arms incorporating three grapevines; a ribbon below the arms contains an inscription in Latin.The coat of arms is based on the 1711 seal of the colony of Connecticut. Its three grapevines are thought to represent either

University of Connecticut, state system of universities composed of a main campus in Storrs and branches in Groton (called Avery Point), Hartford (West Hartford), Stamford, Torrington, and Waterbury, as well as a health centre in Farmington. All campuses are coeducational. The Storrs campus

New Novel: …the British author Rayner Heppenstall’s Connecting Door (1962)—share many of the characteristics of the New Novel, such as vaguely identified characters, casual arrangement of events, and ambiguity of meaning.

airport: Passenger requirements: …on the same flight) or transferring to another flight. At Hartsfield Atlanta International Airport in Georgia and at Chicago’s O’Hare International Airport, for example, two-thirds of all passengers transfer to other flights and do not visit the cities where the airports are sited. These passengers have special needs but usually…

gasoline engine: Pistons: …the upper end of the connecting rod.

Danny Hillis: The Connection Machine: While working at Minsky’s laboratory, Hillis pioneered a new approach to computing. He had long been intrigued by the nature of thought and wanted to make a computer that might aid in understanding human cognition. He found ordinary computers, which executed operations in…

Mary Somerville: Somerville’s next book, The Connection of the Physical Sciences (1834), was even more ambitious in summarizing astronomy, physics, geography, and meteorology. She wrote nine subsequent editions over the rest of her life to update it. In the third edition, published in 1836, she wrote that difficulties in calculating…

Jack Gelber: His first play, The Connection, is historically important for its disintegration of the traditional relationship between audience and actor; it was a breakthrough for the Living Theatre, and both the production and the playwright received wide notice.

telecommunications network: Switched communications network: In a connection-oriented transmission scheme, each packet takes the same route through the network, and thus all packets usually arrive at the destination in the order in which they were sent. Conversely, each packet may take a different path through the network in a connectionless or datagram…

connectionism, an approach to artificial intelligence (AI) that developed out of attempts to understand how the human brain works at the neural level and, in particular, how people learn and remember. (For that reason, this approach is sometimes referred to as neuronlike computing.) In 1943 the

Edward L. Thorndike: …led to the theory of connectionism, which states that behavioral responses to specific stimuli are established through a process of trial and error that affects neural connections between the stimuli and the most satisfying responses.

artificial intelligence: Symbolic vs. connectionist approaches: The bottom-up approach, on the other hand, involves creating artificial neural networks in imitation of the brain’s structure—whence the connectionist label.

connective, in logic, a word or group of words that joins two or more propositions together to form a connective proposition. Commonly used connectives include “but,” “and,” “or,” “if . . . then,” and “if and only if.” The various types of logical connectives include conjunction (“and”),

part of speech: Conjunctions: A conjunction links words, phrases, and clauses. There are two main subcategories of conjunctions: coordinating conjunctions and subordinating conjunctions.

connective tissue, group of tissues in the body that maintain the form of the body and its organs and provide cohesion and internal support. The connective tissues include several types of fibrous tissue that vary only in their density and cellularity, as well as the more specialized and

connective tissue disease, any of the diseases that affect human connective tissue. Diseases of the connective tissue can be divided into (1) a group of relatively uncommon genetic disorders that affect the primary structure of connective tissue and (2) a number of acquired maladies in which the

materials science: Electric connections: The performance of today’s electronic systems (and photonic systems as well) is limited significantly by interconnection technology, in which components and subsystems are linked by conductors and connectors. Currently, very fine gold or copper wiring, as thin as 30 micrometres, is used to carry…

Evan S. Connell was an American writer whose works explore philosophical and cultural facets of the American experience. Connell attended Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, and the University of Kansas (A.B., 1947) and did graduate work at Stanford (California), Columbia (New York City),

Evan S. Connell was an American writer whose works explore philosophical and cultural facets of the American experience. Connell attended Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, and the University of Kansas (A.B., 1947) and did graduate work at Stanford (California), Columbia (New York City),

Cornelia Connelly was a Roman Catholic abbess who founded the Society of the Holy Child Jesus and became the subject of an acrimonious ecclesiastical controversy. Cornelia Peacock was orphaned at an early age and reared in the strongly Episcopalian household of her older half sister. In 1831 she

Jennifer Connelly is an American actress who won an Academy Award for her moving and complex portrayal of Alicia Nash, the wife of John Nash (played by Russell Crowe), a brilliant mathematician who won the 1994 Nobel Prize for Economics, in A Beautiful Mind (2001), a film that depicted Nash’s

shape-note singing: History: …mi—were invented by Philadelphia shopkeeper John Connelly about 1790 and made their first appearance in The Easy Instructor (1801), by William Little and William Smith. Over 200 different shape-note tunebooks were printed in the United States between 1801 and 1861, most of them eclectic collections including strophic hymn tunes, odes,…

Marc Connelly was an American playwright, journalist, teacher, actor, and director, best-known for Green Pastures (a folk version of the Old Testament dramatized through the lives of blacks of the southern United States) and for the comedies that he wrote with George S. Kaufman. Connelly’s parents

Marc Connelly was an American playwright, journalist, teacher, actor, and director, best-known for Green Pastures (a folk version of the Old Testament dramatized through the lives of blacks of the southern United States) and for the comedies that he wrote with George S. Kaufman. Connelly’s parents

Michael Connelly is doing what he has long wanted to do: writing crime novels. It was his aspiration as a college student, and, more than 40 books (not to mention movie and television adaptations) later, he has created some of the 21st century’s most iconic crime fighters, including Hieronymus

Cornelia Connelly: In 1831 she married Pierce Connelly, an Episcopalian clergyman, and moved with him to Natchez, Mississippi, where he was rector of Trinity Church. In 1835 both she and her husband became interested in Roman Catholicism, and they soon converted. They spent two years in Rome and then moved to…

Connemara, region of County Galway, western Ireland. It lies west of Galway city and Loughs (Lakes) Corrib and Mask. Referred to as a “savage beauty” by Irish writer Oscar Wilde, Connemara comprises ice-scoured, rock-strewn country mostly covered with peat bog. Between the city of Galway and

Connemara, breed of pony native to the Connemara area of Ireland, used as general riding ponies for adults and children and as jumpers and show ponies. Docile, hardy, and surefooted, they have compact bodies and range from 13.2 to 15 hands (about 54 to 60 inches, or 137 to 152 cm) tall. Most

Bart Conner is one of the most successful gymnasts in U.S. history. He was the country’s first gymnast to capture gold medals at all levels of national and international competition. Conner is especially known for his performance at the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles, where he scored two perfect 10s

Bart Conner is one of the most successful gymnasts in U.S. history. He was the country’s first gymnast to capture gold medals at all levels of national and international competition. Conner is especially known for his performance at the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles, where he scored two perfect 10s

Mount Conner, most easterly of central Australia’s giant tors, or monoliths, which include Uluru/Ayers Rock and the Olga Rocks (Kata Tjuta), southern Northern Territory. Rising above the desert plain southeast of Lake Amadeus, Mount Conner is flat-topped and horseshoe-shaped and reaches to 2,500

Roseanne Barr: …Barr, changing the title to The Conners.

Connersville, city, seat (1819) of Fayette county, east-central Indiana, U.S., on the Whitewater River, 57 miles (92 km) east of Indianapolis. A fur-trading post was established on the site in 1808 by John Conner, who later worked as a guide and interpreter for General William Henry Harrison,

Sean Connery was a Scottish-born actor whose popularity in James Bond spy thrillers led to a successful decades-long film career. Connery grew up in a working-class family. After a three-year stint in the Royal Navy and a series of odd jobs, he began practicing bodybuilding and became a model for

Sean Connery was a Scottish-born actor whose popularity in James Bond spy thrillers led to a successful decades-long film career. Connery grew up in a working-class family. After a three-year stint in the Royal Navy and a series of odd jobs, he began practicing bodybuilding and became a model for

Sean Connery was a Scottish-born actor whose popularity in James Bond spy thrillers led to a successful decades-long film career. Connery grew up in a working-class family. After a three-year stint in the Royal Navy and a series of odd jobs, he began practicing bodybuilding and became a model for

Alain Connes is a French mathematician who won the Fields Medal in 1982 for his work in operator theory. Connes received a bachelor’s degree (1970) and a doctorate (1973) from the École Normale Supérieure (now part of the University of Paris). He held appointments at the National Centre for

Jules-Amédée Barbey d’Aurevilly was a French novelist and influential critic who in his day was influential in matters of social fashion and literary taste. A member of the minor nobility of Normandy, he remained throughout his life proudly Norman in spirit and style, a royalist opposed to

Edward L. Thorndike: …led to the theory of connectionism, which states that behavioral responses to specific stimuli are established through a process of trial and error that affects neural connections between the stimuli and the most satisfying responses.

Connick v. Myers, case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on April 20, 1983, ruled (5–4) that the district attorney’s office in New Orleans had not violated the First Amendment’s freedom of speech clause when it fired an assistant district attorney (ADA) for distributing a survey about morale to her

Harry Connick, Jr. is an American singer, songwriter, musician, and actor who was known musically for his explorations into jazz, funk, big-band, and romantic ballads. Connick grew up in New Orleans, where his father, a longtime district attorney, and his mother, a judge, owned a record store. He

Harry Connick, Jr. is an American singer, songwriter, musician, and actor who was known musically for his explorations into jazz, funk, big-band, and romantic ballads. Connick grew up in New Orleans, where his father, a longtime district attorney, and his mother, a judge, owned a record store. He

Toni Collette: …brought to the fore in Connie and Carla (2004), a comedy in which she played a woman hiding from the mob by impersonating a male drag performer. Though that film was panned, Collette eked positive notices for the ostensibly slight In Her Shoes (2005), in which she was featured as…

Connie Francis: Topping the charts: In 1959 Francis released Connie Francis Sings Italian Favorites, a collection of traditional and contemporary Italian songs sung partly in their original language. The recording sold well, especially among Italian Americans, and she followed it with albums that paid homage to other ethnic groups. In addition, beginning with the…

submarine: First use in war: A precursor of a conning tower fitted with a glass-covered porthole permitted observation from within the craft. The Nautilus submerged by taking water into ballast tanks, and a horizontal “rudder”—a forerunner of the diving plane—helped keep the craft at the desired depth. The submarine contained enough air to keep…

Franklin Pierce Adams: …whose humorous syndicated column “The Conning Tower” earned him the reputation of godfather of the contemporary newspaper column. He wrote primarily under his initials, F.P.A.

Philips Koninck was a Dutch painter of the Baroque period, celebrated for his panoramic landscapes. The influence of Rembrandt is paramount in the art of the earliest phase of his career, and it has often been supposed, probably incorrectly, that Rembrandt was his master. However, Koninck was

gnu, (genus Connochaetes), either of two species of large African antelopes of the family Bovidae in the tribe Alcelaphini. They are among the most specialized and successful of African herbivores and are dominant in plains ecosystems. The common wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) is a keystone

animal behaviour: Adaptive design: Others, such as the black wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus), form enormous herds. During the breeding season, only a few males control sexual access to a group of females in a polygynous mating system. When Jarman compared these African ungulates, he found that body size, typical habitat, group size, and mating…

gnu: The common wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) is a keystone species in plains and acacia savanna ecosystems from southeastern Africa to central Kenya. It is highly gregarious and superbly adapted for a migratory existence. C. taurinus has high shoulders sloping to lower hindquarters, a deep chest, a short…

gnu: The western white-bearded wildebeest (C. taurinus mearnsi) is the smallest, 50 kg (110 pounds) lighter and 10 cm (4 inches) shorter than C. taurinus taurinus. It is also the most numerous; more than one million inhabit the Serengeti Plains and acacia savanna of northwestern Tanzania and…

gnu: The blue wildebeest, or brindled gnu (C. taurinus taurinus), of southern Africa is the largest, weighing 230–275 kg (510–605 pounds) and standing 140–152 cm (55–60 inches) tall. The western white-bearded wildebeest (C. taurinus mearnsi) is the smallest, 50 kg (110 pounds) lighter and 10 cm (4…

stand-up comedy: The British tradition and the spread of stand-up comedy: …splash a few years earlier: Billy Connolly, a former folksinger from Glasgow who achieved huge popularity in the mid-1970s with his irreverent, high-energy observational stand-up. He was followed in the 1980s by a rush of younger comics, including Alexei Sayle, emcee of the influential Comic Strip club that was a…

Cyril Connolly was an English critic, novelist, and man of letters, founder and editor of Horizon, a magazine of contemporary literature that was a major influence in Britain in its time (1939–50). As a critic, he was personal and eclectic rather than systematic, but his idiosyncratic views were

Cyril Connolly was an English critic, novelist, and man of letters, founder and editor of Horizon, a magazine of contemporary literature that was a major influence in Britain in its time (1939–50). As a critic, he was personal and eclectic rather than systematic, but his idiosyncratic views were

James Connolly was a Marxist union leader and revolutionary who was a leading participant in the Easter Rising (April 24–29, 1916) in Dublin against British rule. In 1896, soon after his arrival in Dublin, Connolly helped found the Irish Socialist Republican Party. From 1903 to 1910 he lived in New

Whitey Bulger: …another son of South Boston, John J. Connolly, who was about 10 years younger than Bulger and who had grown up idolizing him along with Bulger’s brother, William, who became a powerful Massachusetts politician. The informant relationship quickly turned corrupt, becoming what was later described as a “devil’s deal” and…

Maureen Connolly was an American tennis player who in 1953 became the first woman to win the Grand Slam of tennis: the British (Wimbledon), United States, Australian, and French singles championships. Connolly began playing tennis at the age of 10. After a few months of training under a

Maureen Connolly was an American tennis player who in 1953 became the first woman to win the Grand Slam of tennis: the British (Wimbledon), United States, Australian, and French singles championships. Connolly began playing tennis at the age of 10. After a few months of training under a

agonism: …by the American political theorist William E. Connolly. Pluralist theorists of the 1950s and ’60s had described the American political system as one in which politics provided an arena in which diverse groups can each equally advocate for their preferred policies, eventually leading to consensus. Connolly criticized that theory for…

Alabama: Since 1900: …which commissioner of public safety Eugene (“Bull”) Connor turned fire hoses and police dogs on Black protesters; Gov. George C. Wallace’s defiant attempt to stop the desegregation of the state university that same year; the death of four Black children in an explosion that destroyed their Birmingham Sunday school, also…

the Byrds: 19, 1993, Treasure Island, Florida), Gram Parsons (original name Ingram Cecil Connor III; b. November 5, 1946, Winter Haven, Florida—d. September 19, 1973, Yucca Valley, California), and Clarence White (b. June 6, 1944, Lewiston, Maine—d. July 14, 1973, Palmdale, California).

Utah: Mormon settlement and territorial growth: Patrick Connor. Connor openly supported his troops in prospecting for minerals and sought to “solve the Mormon problem” by initiating a miners’ rush to Utah. A substantial enclave of non-Mormon miners, freighters, bankers, and businessmen arrived, and there ensued three decades of conflict between Mormons…