garden and landscape design

Introduction
Functions and concerns of garden and landscape design
- Aspects of landscape architecture
- Art, science, and nature
Design
- Aesthetic components
  - Elements
    - Space
    - Mass
    - Line
    - Colour
    - Light and shade
    - Texture
    - Scent
    - Time, climate, and season
  - Principles
    - Unity and variety
    - Rhythm and balance
    - Accent and contrast
    - Scale and proportion
    - Composite three-dimensional spatial form
  - The design process
- Physical components
  - Natural
    - Earth
    - Rock
    - Water
    - Plants
  - Structural
    - Earth-related structures
    - Enclosure structures
    - Shelter structures
    - Engineering structures
    - Special buildings
    - Sculptural components and outdoor furnishings
Kinds of design
- Private or residential design
- Public design
Historical development
- Western
  - Antiquity
    - Egyptian
    - Assyrian, Babylonian, and Persian
    - Greek and Hellenistic
    - Roman
  - Middle Ages
    - Islamic
    - Western European
  - Renaissance to modern: 15th to 20th centuries
    - Italian
    - 17th- and 18th-century French
    - 17th- and 18th-century English
    - 19th century
  - Modern
- Non-Western
  - Chinese
  - Japanese
  - Indian
  - African, Oceanic, and pre-Columbian

References & Edit History Quick Facts & Related Topics

Images

Palace of Versailles: gardens

The undulating roof of Renzo Piano's California Academy of Sciences in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, contained many skylights and was covered with a field of native plants.

Gardens of Campos do Jordão, Brazil.

Japanese contemplative garden

Structural pools in the gardens of the Generalife at the Alhambra, Granada, Spain.

Sloped earth, trees, and colourful ground cover in Bluebell Wood, Winkworth Arboretum, Surrey, England.

Kinkaku Temple, Kyōto, Japan

Singapore Botanic Gardens: gazebo

A pre-Civil War stone house in Manassas National Battlefield Park, near Manassas, Virginia, U.S.

Hanging Gardens of Babylon

garden and landscape design: Facts & Related Content

Written and fact-checked by The Information Architects of Encyclopaedia Britannica

Facts

Also Known As	landscape gardening • landscape design

Photos

Palace of Versailles: gardens

The undulating roof of Renzo Piano's California Academy of Sciences in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, contained many skylights and was covered with a field of native plants.

Gardens of Campos do Jordão, Brazil.

Japanese contemplative garden

Structural pools in the gardens of the Generalife at the Alhambra, Granada, Spain.

Sloped earth, trees, and colourful ground cover in Bluebell Wood, Winkworth Arboretum, Surrey, England.

Kinkaku Temple, Kyōto, Japan

Singapore Botanic Gardens: gazebo

A pre-Civil War stone house in Manassas National Battlefield Park, near Manassas, Virginia, U.S.

Hanging Gardens of Babylon

See All Images →

Topics

boscage garden sculpture park fountain labyrinth sundial landscape architecture crop circle topiary nymphaeum interior design film dance radio printmaking sculpture painting drawing stagecraft history of photography

Key People

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Alexandre-Jean-Baptiste Le Blond

French landscape designer