Mathematics, WIT-ṬūS
Mathematics is a science of structure, order, and relation that deals with logical reasoning and quantitative calculation. The history of mathematics can be traced back to ancient Mesopotamia; ancient clay tablets have proven that the level of mathematical competence was already high as early as roughly the 18th century BCE. Over the centuries, mathematics has evolved from elemental practices of counting, measuring, and describing the shapes of objects into a crucial adjunct to the physical sciences and technology.
Mathematics Encyclopedia Articles By Title
Edward Witten is an American mathematical physicist who was awarded the Fields Medal in 1990 for his work in superstring......
Christian, baron von Wolff was a philosopher, mathematician, and scientist who worked in many subjects but who......
Stephen Wolfram is an English physicist and author best known for his contributions to the field of cellular automata......
Steve Wozniak is an American electronics engineer who cofounded, with Steve Jobs, Apple Computer and designed the......
Dorothy Maud Wrinch was a British American mathematician and biochemist who contributed to the understanding of......
Xu Yue was a Chinese astronomer and mathematician. Xu was a disciple of Liu Hong (c. 129–210), an influential government......
Yang Hui was a mathematician active in the great flowering of Chinese mathematics during the Southern Song dynasty.......
Yang-Mills theory, in physics, a generalization of Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell’s unified theory of electromagnetism,......
Andrew Chi-Chih Yao is a Chinese American computer scientist and winner of the 2000 A.M. Turing Award, the highest......
Herbert Osborne Yardley was an American cryptographer who organized and directed the U.S. government’s first formal......
Shing-Tung Yau is a Chinese-born mathematician who won the 1982 Fields Medal for his work in differential geometry.......
Jean-Christophe Yoccoz was a French mathematician who was awarded the Fields Medal in 1994 for his work in dynamical......
Efim Zelmanov is a Russian mathematician who was awarded the Fields Medal in 1994 for his work in group theory.......
Zeno of Elea was a Greek philosopher and mathematician, whom Aristotle called the inventor of dialectic. Zeno is......
zero, number denoting the absence of quantity. Represented by the symbol “0,” it plays a foundational role in arithmetic,......
zeta function, in number theory, an infinite series given by where z and w are complex numbers and the real part......
Zhang Heng was a Chinese mathematician, astronomer, and geographer. His seismoscope for registering earthquakes......
Zhao Youqin was a Chinese astronomer, mathematician, and Daoist who calculated the value of π, constructed astronomical......
Zhu Shijie was a Chinese mathematician who stood at the pinnacle of traditional Chinese mathematics. Zhu is also......
Zipf’s law, in probability, assertion that the frequencies f of certain events are inversely proportional to their......
Zorn’s lemma, statement in the language of set theory, equivalent to the axiom of choice, that is often used to......
Zu Chongzhi was a Chinese astronomer, mathematician, and engineer who created the Daming calendar and found several......
Zu Geng was a Chinese government official, mathematician, astronomer, and son of Zu Chongzhi (429–500). Beginning......
Mark Zuckerberg is an American computer programmer who was cofounder of the social networking site Facebook. Zuckerberg......
Antoni Zygmund was a Polish-born mathematician who exerted a major influence on 20th-century mathematics, particularly......
Bahāʾ ad-dīn Muḥammad ibn Ḥusayn al-ʿĀmilī was a theologian, mathematician, jurist, and astronomer who was a major......
Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī was an outstanding Persian philosopher, scientist, and mathematician. Educated first in Ṭūs,......