emollient

emollient, any substance that softens the skin by reducing water loss. Emollients contain ingredients that either seal in moisture, draw water into the skin, or improve texture, making them essential in treating dryness, eczema, and other skin conditions.

Throughout history, emollients have been produced using various ingredients. For instance, in ancient Egypt, sesame, almond, and olive oils were common, while in Greece, beeswax, spermaceti, almond oil, borax, and rosewater were used. Lanolin (sheep fat) was often employed in medieval Europe. Modern emollients likewise may be made from any of a wide range of substances, including petrolatum, zinc oxide, paraffin, mineral oil, glycerin, beeswax, olive oil, coconut oil, lanolin, cocoa butter, and synthetic products such as butyl stearate and diglycol laurate.

Emollients come in different forms, as well, including ointments, creams, and lotions. Ointments are about 80 percent oil, rendering them thick, with strong occlusive (moisture-sealing) properties, and therefore highly effective for very dry skin and nighttime use. Creams blend equal parts oil and water, making them moderately thick and easier to apply compared to ointments. Creams provide moisture without the heavy grease of ointments and generally are suitable for face and body. Lotions are mostly water and thus are lightweight and quickly absorbed into the skin. Lotions are ideal for mild dryness, normal skin, or large, hairy areas of the body. Other forms of eMollients, such as gels, sprays, and bath additives, provide alternatives for different skin types and needs.