Ānandamaṭh

…and Muslim oppression, in 1881; Ānandamaṭh, a patriotic tale of the revolt of the sannyasis against the Muslim forces of the East India company, in 1882; Debī Caudhurānī, a domestic novel with a background of dacoity, in 1884; and finally, in 1886, Sītārām, a marital tangle and a struggle of…

…Chandra Chatterjee, whose seminal work Anandamath (1882), a criticism of British rule in India, popularized the notion of Bharat Mata, or the country as a goddess. A devotional poem in the novel, called “Vande Mataram,” became a rallying cry for the Indian Independence Movement and was later informally adopted as…

…in his best known work, Ānanda-maṭh (1892; “The Abbey of Bliss”), the motherland in the person of the goddess Durgā is extolled.

…being published in his novel Anandamath (1882; “The Abbey of Bliss”), although it may have been composed much before the novel was written. Part of the poem, greatly regarded for its nationalist vision of India as a goddess, was set to music and became the foremost of Indian patriotic songs.…