Umayyad dynasty summary
Below is the article summary. For the full article, see Umayyad dynasty.
Umayyad Dynasty Timeline
Umayyad Dynasty | Timeline
Key People of the Umayyad Dynasty
Umayyad Dynasty | Key People
Decline of the Umayyad Dynasty
Umayyad Dynasty | Decline
ʿAbd al-Malik Summary
ʿAbd al-Malik was the fifth caliph (685–705 ce) of the Umayyad Arab dynasty centred in Damascus. He reorganized and strengthened governmental administration and, throughout the empire, adopted Arabic as the language of administration. ʿAbd al-Malik spent the first half of his life with his father,