African National Congress summary
Study the history of the African National Congress in South Africa and the leadership of Nelson Mandela
Below is the article summary. For the full article, see African National Congress: At a Glance.
Kenneth Kaunda Summary
Kenneth Kaunda was a politician who led Zambia to independence in 1964 and served as that country’s president until 1991. Kaunda’s father, who was from Nyasaland (now Malawi), was a schoolteacher; his mother, also a teacher, was the first African woman to teach in colonial Zambia. Both taught among
Nelson Mandela Summary
Nelson Mandela was a Black nationalist and the first Black president of South Africa (1994–99). His negotiations in the early 1990s with South African Pres. F.W. de Klerk helped end the country’s apartheid system of racial segregation and ushered in a peaceful transition to majority rule. Mandela
Jacob Zuma Summary
Jacob Zuma is a politician who served as president of South Africa from 2009 until he resigned under pressure in 2018. He also served as the country’s deputy president (1999–2005) and as deputy president (1997–2007) and president (2007–17) of the country’s ruling party, the African National
nationalism Summary
Nationalism, ideology based on the premise that the individual’s loyalty and devotion to the nation-state surpass other individual or group interests. This article discusses the origins and history of nationalism to the 1980s. For later developments in the history of nationalism, see 20th-century