cuprite: Tile ore is a soft, earthy variety that is brick-red to brownish red; it often contains admixed hematite or limonite and has been formed by the alteration of chalcopyrite.

land reclamation: Reclamation of swampy lands: …water may be removed through tile lines installed beneath the surface of the soil. The tiles are traditionally made of fired clay or concrete, although corrugated plastic tubing is also commonly used. The spacing of the tile lines is governed by the permeability of the soil. The more permeable the…

tile: Roof tiles of some Greek temples were made of marble; in ancient Rome, of bronze. Stone slabs used for roofing in parts of England are called tiles. Many rough forms of terra-cotta are called tiles when used structurally. The steel forms for casting certain types…

Wang Shu: …Shu also made the installation Tiled Garden (2006) for the Venice Biennale. The garden consisted of a sea of tens of thousands of tiles that had been salvaged from Chinese demolition sites, laid in meditative rows, and made accessible to the viewer by means of a bamboo bridge.

tilefish, any of about 40 species of elongated marine fishes in the family Malacanthidae (order Perciformes), with representatives occurring in tropical and warm temperate seas. Malacanthidae is formally divided into the subfamilies Malacanthinae and Latilinae; however, some taxonomists consider

Aegean civilizations: The Early Bronze Age (c. 3000–2200): The so-called House of Tiles at Lerna, destroyed by fire toward the end of the period, appears to have been an important focus for the community. A massive rectangle two stories high, with a roofed balcony upstairs, the structure takes its name from the baked clay tiles…

papermaking: Chemical wood pulp: …defibring wood was observed by B.C. Tilghman, a U.S. chemist, as early as 1857. Several years later he renewed his experiments and, in 1867, was granted a patent for making paper pulp from vegetable material. He used high temperature and pressure and observed that the presence of a base such…

Battle of Fort Henry: …2,500 Confederate defenders under General Lloyd Tilghman fought briefly, then retreated 12 miles (19 km) overland to nearby Fort Donelson to prepare a stronger defensive line.

Shirley M. Tilghman is a Canadian molecular biologist and the first woman to serve as president of Princeton University (2001–13). Tilghman is also known for her research into genomic imprinting and gene regulation during embryonic and fetal development, which helped advance understanding of

Shirley M. Tilghman is a Canadian molecular biologist and the first woman to serve as president of Princeton University (2001–13). Tilghman is also known for her research into genomic imprinting and gene regulation during embryonic and fetal development, which helped advance understanding of

linden, (genus Tilia), genus of about 30 species of trees in the hibiscus, or mallow, family (Malvaceae) native to the Northern Hemisphere. A few are outstanding as ornamental and shade trees. Lindens are large graceful deciduous trees. The asymmetrical leaves are heart-shaped and coarsely toothed.

basswood, (Tilia americana), species of linden tree of the hibiscus, or mallow, family (Malvaceae) common to North America. Basswood is found in a vast area of eastern and southeastern North America and centred in the Great Lakes region. A large shade tree, basswood provides wood for beehives,

linden: Major species: Small-leaf, or little-leaf, linden (T. cordata), a European tree, is widely planted as a street tree. The hybrid Crimean linden (T. euchlora, a cross between T. cordata and T. dasystyla), which grows up to 20 metres (66 feet) in height, has yielded a graceful pyramidal…

linden: Major species: The hybrid Crimean linden (T. euchlora, a cross between T. cordata and T. dasystyla), which grows up to 20 metres (66 feet) in height, has yielded a graceful pyramidal cultivar, the Redmond linden (T. americana ‘Redmond’), having a single straight trunk.

linden: Major species: The European linden, or common lime (T. europaea), is a natural hybrid between the big-leaf linden (T. platyphyllos) and little-leaf linden. Silver linden (T. tomentosa) is distinguished by its white-silvery underleaf; pendant silver linden (T. petiolaris) is valued for its weeping habit.

Tlemcen, town, northwestern Algeria, near the border with Morocco. Tlemcen is backed by the cliffs of the well-watered Tlemcen Mountains and overlooks the fertile Hennaya and Maghnia plains. Lying at an elevation of 2,648 feet (807 meters), Tlemcen is located sufficiently inland to avoid the

Tlemcen, town, northwestern Algeria, near the border with Morocco. Tlemcen is backed by the cliffs of the well-watered Tlemcen Mountains and overlooks the fertile Hennaya and Maghnia plains. Lying at an elevation of 2,648 feet (807 meters), Tlemcen is located sufficiently inland to avoid the

lizard: Parental care: In Australia, juvenile sleepy lizards (Tiliqua rugosa) remain in their mother’s home range for an extended period, and this behaviour suggests that they gain a survival advantage by doing so. Female sleepy lizards and those of the Baudin Island spiny-tailed skink (Egernia stokesii aethiops) recognize their own offspring…

Ṣunʿ Allāh Ibrāhīm: The Smell of It, & Other Stories, also translated as That Smell). The work’s descriptions of the experience of imprisonment made it politically subversive, and it shocked Egyptian censors with its frank treatment of sexuality between inmates. The book was banned in Egypt, and two…

Mamie Till-Mobley: Activism and later life: …the subject of the biopic Till (2022).

till, in geology, unsorted material deposited directly by glacial ice and showing no stratification. Till is sometimes called boulder clay because it is composed of clay, boulders of intermediate sizes, or a mixture of these. The rock fragments are usually angular and sharp rather than rounded,

August Strindberg: Late years: …a drama in three parts, To Damascus, in which he depicts himself as “the Stranger,” a wanderer seeking spiritual peace and finding it with another character, “the Lady,” who resembles both Siri and Frida.

Megan Fox: Later career: In Till Death (2021), Fox was cast as a woman trying to evade two killers after being handcuffed to her dead husband. She starred as a CIA agent in the action thriller Expend4bles (2023), and as an android in the science fiction thriller Subservience (2024).

Cherie Booth: …the long-running BBC television series Till Death Do Us Part, his private life dissolved into alcoholism, philandering, and debt, and Smith and her children never benefited materially from his acting success. Cherie Booth attended Roman Catholic schools near Liverpool and subsequently studied law at the London School of Economics.

All in the Family: …on the popular British comedy Till Death Us Do Part (1965–75) and was adapted for an American audience by producers Norman Lear and Alan (“Bud”) Yorkin. Breaking new ground with its often controversial subject matter, All in the Family became the top-rated show in the United States for five consecutive…

Richard Strauss: Works of Richard Strauss: …Till Eulenspiegels lustige Streiche (1894–95; Till Eulenspiegel’s Merry Pranks), wherein Strauss found the exact instrumental sounds and colours to depict the 14th-century rogue Till’s adventures, from his scattering pots and pans in a market and mocking the clergy to his death-squawk on a D clarinet on the gallows. Also sprach…

Richard Strauss: Works of Richard Strauss: …Till Eulenspiegels lustige Streiche (1894–95; Till Eulenspiegel’s Merry Pranks), wherein Strauss found the exact instrumental sounds and colours to depict the 14th-century rogue Till’s adventures, from his scattering pots and pans in a market and mocking the clergy to his death-squawk on a D clarinet on the gallows. Also sprach…

Tony Martin: …in the Jerome Kern biography Till the Clouds Roll By (1946) and the musical Casbah (1948; as the French gangster Pépé Le Moko). In 1948 he married the actress and dancer Cyd Charisse. Martin’s later films include the musical comedies Here Come the Girls (1953), in which he costarred with…

Till We Have Faces, novel by C.S. Lewis, published in 1956, that retells the ancient myth of Cupid and Psyche. It was Lewis’s last fictional work. Reviews and sales were disappointing, probably because it was different from and more complex than the works that made him famous. But in a letter Lewis

Till We Have Faces, novel by C.S. Lewis, published in 1956, that retells the ancient myth of Cupid and Psyche. It was Lewis’s last fictional work. Reviews and sales were disappointing, probably because it was different from and more complex than the works that made him famous. But in a letter Lewis

Emmett Till was an African American teenager whose murder catalyzed the emerging civil rights movement. Till was born to working-class parents on the South Side of Chicago. When he was barely 14 years old, Till took a trip to rural Mississippi to spend the summer with relatives. His mother, Mamie

Emmett Till was an African American teenager whose murder catalyzed the emerging civil rights movement. Till was born to working-class parents on the South Side of Chicago. When he was barely 14 years old, Till took a trip to rural Mississippi to spend the summer with relatives. His mother, Mamie

Mamie Till-Mobley was an American educator and activist who helped galvanize the emerging civil rights movement after her son, Emmett Till, was murdered in 1955 for allegedly flirting with a white grocery store clerk in Mississippi. Mamie Carthan was born in rural Mississippi, the only child of

Mamie Till-Mobley was an American educator and activist who helped galvanize the emerging civil rights movement after her son, Emmett Till, was murdered in 1955 for allegedly flirting with a white grocery store clerk in Mississippi. Mamie Carthan was born in rural Mississippi, the only child of

tillage, in agriculture, the preparation of soil for planting and the cultivation of soil after planting. Tillage is the manipulation of the soil into a desired condition by mechanical means; tools are employed to achieve some desired effect (such as pulverization, cutting, or movement). Soil is

Tillamook, city, seat (1873) of Tillamook county, northwestern Oregon, U.S., on the Trask River, at the head of Tillamook Bay, an inlet of the Pacific Ocean. Founded in 1851, the settlement was known successively as Lincoln and Hoquarton before being named in 1885 for the local Tillamook Indians.

South Asian arts: The bharata natyam school: The performance ends with tillana, a pure dance accompanied by meaningless musical syllables chanted to punctuate the rhythm. The dancer explodes into leaps and jumps forward and backward, from right and left, in a state of ecstasy. Tillana ends with three clangs of the cymbals while the dancer executes…

Tillandsia, the most widely distributed genus of the pineapple family (Bromeliaceae), containing about 500 species of tropical American plants. They are mainly perennial herbs that are epiphytic (supported by other plants and having aerial roots exposed to the humid atmosphere). The leaves of some

epiphyte: …are uncommon in arid environments, ball moss (Tillandsia recurvata) is a notable exception and can be found in coastal deserts in Mexico, where it receives moisture from marine fog.

Spanish moss, (Tillandsia usneoides), epiphyte (a nonparasitic plant that is supported by another plant and has aerial roots exposed to the humid atmosphere) of the pineapple family (Bromeliaceae). It is found in southern North America, the West Indies, and Central and South America. The

Tillandsia: …used for packing or upholstery; T. xiphoides, a South American species, has strongly scented flowers that are sometimes used locally in medicines for respiratory diseases.

Sigrid Undset: Childhood: …published originally in English as Return to the Future (1942; Norwegian Tillbake til fremtiden). Her mother, Charlotte Undset (née Gyth), was Danish, and both of her parents were atheists. However, Undset and her two younger sisters were raised Lutheran in accordance with Norwegian expectations at the time. (Lutheranism was Norway’s…

Joan Miró: Paris and early work: (1921–22) and The Tilled Field (1923–24). He gradually removed the objects he portrayed from their natural context and reassembled them as if in accordance with a new, mysterious grammar, creating a ghostly, eerie impression.

Sébastien Le Nain de Tillemont was a French ecclesiastical historian who was one of the earliest scholars to provide a rigorous appraisal of preceding historical writing. His works were objective and among the first of modern historical works to include a critical discussion of the principal

Sébastien Le Nain de Tillemont was a French ecclesiastical historian who was one of the earliest scholars to provide a rigorous appraisal of preceding historical writing. His works were objective and among the first of modern historical works to include a critical discussion of the principal

rudder: …by a handle termed a tiller or helm. In larger vessels, the rudder is turned by hydraulic, steam, or electrical machinery.

cultivator, farm implement or machine designed to stir the soil around a crop as it matures to promote growth and destroy weeds. Horse-drawn cultivators were introduced in the mid-19th century. By 1870 a farmer with two horses could cultivate as much as 6 hectares (15 acres) a day with a machine

Terence Tiller was an English playwright, translator, and poet whose best verse is noted for its highly wrought form and intense emotional content. Tiller taught medieval history at the University of Cambridge until 1939, when he began lecturing in English history and literature at Fuʾād I

Terence Tiller was an English playwright, translator, and poet whose best verse is noted for its highly wrought form and intense emotional content. Tiller taught medieval history at the University of Cambridge until 1939, when he began lecturing in English history and literature at Fuʾād I

The Standard: Jeevanjee hired an English editor-reporter, W.H. Tiller, to oversee the newspaper’s operations. In 1910 the paper became a daily, changed its name to the East African Standard, and moved to Nairobi, which was then fast developing as a commercial centre. It had already come under British ownership. In its early…

Rex W. Tillerson is an American business executive who served as secretary of state (2017–18) in the administration of U.S. Pres. Donald Trump. He previously was chairman and CEO (2006–16) of Exxon Mobil Corporation. Tillerson grew up in Oklahoma and Texas—two of the country’s leading producers of

bunt: Infection by Tilletia tritici (formerly T. caries) or T. laevis (formerly T. foetida) causes normal kernels to be replaced by “smut balls” containing powdery masses of brownish-black spores characterized by a dead-fish odor. Smut balls break open and contaminate healthy kernels during harvest, and the spores may…

bunt: caries) or T. laevis (formerly T. foetida) causes normal kernels to be replaced by “smut balls” containing powdery masses of brownish-black spores characterized by a dead-fish odor. Smut balls break open and contaminate healthy kernels during harvest, and the spores may remain viable in dry soil for…

bunt: caries) or T. laevis (formerly T. foetida) causes normal kernels to be replaced by “smut balls” containing powdery masses of brownish-black spores characterized by a dead-fish odor. Smut balls break open and contaminate healthy kernels during harvest, and the spores may remain viable in dry soil for…

bunt: Infection by Tilletia tritici (formerly T. caries) or T. laevis (formerly T. foetida) causes normal kernels to be replaced by “smut balls” containing powdery masses of brownish-black spores characterized by a dead-fish odor. Smut balls break open and contaminate healthy kernels during harvest, and the spores may…

fungus: Annotated classification: Order Tilletiales Parasitic on grasses (family Poaceae); ballistospore-forming; primary basidiospores may conjugate, forming dikaryon capable of infecting hosts; example genera include Tilletia, Conidiosporomyces, and Erratomyces. Subphylum Agaricomycotina Parasitic or symbiotic on plants,

Benjamin Tillett was an English trade union leader who directed successful dock strikes in 1889 and 1911. Tillett was also an alderman of the London County Council (1892–98) and a Labour member of Parliament (for North Salford, Lancashire, in 1917–24 and in 1929–31). The son of a railway labourer,

Maclyn McCarty: , 1937) before joining William S. Tillett at New York University in 1940. Tillett not only introduced McCarty to the study of pneumococcic bacteria but also arranged for him to work with Avery in his laboratory at the Rockefeller Institute (now Rockefeller University) in New York City. McCarty became…

Cecil Edgar Tilley was a British mineralogist known for his investigations of mineral and rock synthesis. Tilley became a professor at Cambridge University in 1931, retiring in 1961 as professor emeritus. Tilley’s work also includes studies of tektites (glassy objects of meteoric origin) and their

Martha and the Vandellas: April 12, 1948, Detroit), and Sandra Tilley (b. May 6, 1946—d. September 9, 1981).

Sir Samuel Leonard Tilley was a Canadian politician, an early advocate of the confederation of British North America. He introduced the National Policy, a program of trade protection that became the basis of Canadian fiscal policy. Tilley acquired considerable wealth in the pharmaceutical business

Vesta Tilley was an English singing comedienne who was the outstanding male impersonator in music-hall history. The daughter of a music-hall performer, she appeared on the stage at three and first played in male attire two years later. Before she was 14, she was playing in two different London

Paul Tillich was a German-born American theologian and philosopher whose discussions of God and faith illuminated and bound together the realms of traditional Christianity and modern culture. Some of his books, notably The Courage to Be (1952) and Dynamics of Faith (1957), reached a large public

Paul Tillich was a German-born American theologian and philosopher whose discussions of God and faith illuminated and bound together the realms of traditional Christianity and modern culture. Some of his books, notably The Courage to Be (1952) and Dynamics of Faith (1957), reached a large public

Marie Dressler: …of her first motion picture, Tillie’s Punctured Romance (1914). Of historical importance as the first feature-length comedy, this Mack Sennett production hardly showed Dressler at her best by modern standards—her strenuous overacting seemed almost grotesque compared with the subtler performances of costars Charlie Chaplin and Mabel Normand—but in 1914 it…

tillage, in agriculture, the preparation of soil for planting and the cultivation of soil after planting. Tillage is the manipulation of the soil into a desired condition by mechanical means; tools are employed to achieve some desired effect (such as pulverization, cutting, or movement). Soil is

Mel Tillis was an American songwriter and entertainer who composed more than a thousand country music songs (music and lyrics), many of which became standards. Overcoming a pronounced stammer, he achieved stardom in the 1970s as a country singer, screen actor, and comedian. Tillis was confronted

Mel Tillis was an American songwriter and entertainer who composed more than a thousand country music songs (music and lyrics), many of which became standards. Overcoming a pronounced stammer, he achieved stardom in the 1970s as a country singer, screen actor, and comedian. Tillis was confronted

Mel Tillis: Meanwhile, he saw his daughter Pam Tillis become a country star in her own right; she eventually recorded a tribute album of his songs, It’s All Relative (2002). In 1998 he renewed his recording success as a member of the Old Dogs, a group that included his friends Waylon Jennings,…

Thom Tillis is an American politician who was elected as a Republican to the U.S. Senate in 2014 and began representing North Carolina in that body the following year. Tillis’s family struggled financially and moved often, mostly in the Gulf Coast region. He earned high grades and served as

Thom Tillis is an American politician who was elected as a Republican to the U.S. Senate in 2014 and began representing North Carolina in that body the following year. Tillis’s family struggled financially and moved often, mostly in the Gulf Coast region. He earned high grades and served as

tillite, sedimentary rock that consists of consolidated masses of unweathered blocks (large, angular, detached rock bodies) and glacial till (unsorted and unstratified rock material deposited by glacial ice) in a rock flour (matrix or paste of unweathered rock). The matrix, which comprises a large

Ben Tillman was an outspoken U.S. populist politician who championed agrarian reform and white supremacy. Tillman served as governor of South Carolina (1890–94) and was a member of the U.S. Senate (1895–1918). Tillman was born into a wealthy family of enslavers. He was a member of the Edgefield

Ben Tillman was an outspoken U.S. populist politician who championed agrarian reform and white supremacy. Tillman served as governor of South Carolina (1890–94) and was a member of the U.S. Senate (1895–1918). Tillman was born into a wealthy family of enslavers. He was a member of the Edgefield

the Marvelettes: December 15, 2021, Garden City), Georgeanna Tillman (b. February 6, 1943, Detroit—d. January 6, 1980, Detroit), Katherine Anderson (b. January 16, 1944, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.), and Wyanetta Cowart (b. 1944, Detroit).

Pat Tillman was an American football player who left a lucrative National Football League (NFL) career playing for the Arizona Cardinals to enlist in the U.S. Army after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and was killed in a friendly-fire incident during a tour of duty in Afghanistan.

Pat Tillman was an American football player who left a lucrative National Football League (NFL) career playing for the Arizona Cardinals to enlist in the U.S. Army after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and was killed in a friendly-fire incident during a tour of duty in Afghanistan.

Ben Tillman was an outspoken U.S. populist politician who championed agrarian reform and white supremacy. Tillman served as governor of South Carolina (1890–94) and was a member of the U.S. Senate (1895–1918). Tillman was born into a wealthy family of enslavers. He was a member of the Edgefield

Wolfgang Tillmans German photographer whose images of the everyday span from street photography to portraiture to landscape and still life to abstraction. In 2000 he became the first non-British artist to win the Turner Prize, and he was a recipient of the Hasselblad Award in 2015. Tillmans first

sedimentary rock: Matrix-supported conglomerates: …to such mechanisms are called tilloids. Tilloids commonly make up olistostromes, which are large masses of coarse blocks chaotically mixed within a muddy matrix. The terms till (when unconsolidated) and tillite (when lithified) are used for diamictites that appear to have been directly deposited by moving sheets of glacial ice.…

Henry Compton: When John Tillotson was preferred to him as archbishop of Canterbury (1691), Compton suffered a bitter disappointment. Under Queen Anne, Compton gave full support to the Tories, and Francis Atterbury, bishop of Rochester, was his protégé. As bishop of London, Compton encouraged the newly founded Society…

textual criticism: …to appear until 1966, when K. Tillotson’s edition of Oliver Twist was published. Reliable principles of Shakespearean editing have begun to emerge only with modern developments in the techniques of analytical bibliography. The Revised Standard Version of the Bible (1952) and the New English Bible (1970) both incorporate readings of…

puppetry: Puppetry in the contemporary world: …featuring the Kuklapolitans, created by Burr Tillstrom, began airing in 1947; Kukla, a small boy, had a host of friends, including Ollie the Dragon, who exchanged repartee with Fran Allison, a human actress standing outside the booth. In 1969, puppets were introduced on the educational program “Sesame Street”; these were…

Johann Tserclaes, count von Tilly was an outstanding general who was the principal commander of the Catholic League in Germany during the Thirty Years’ War. Educated by Jesuits, Tilly gained military experience in the Spanish Army of Flanders fighting the Dutch. In 1594 he joined the army of Holy

Michael Madhusudan Dutt: Dutt’s poetic works include Tilottama Sambhav Kavya (1860; “Birth of Tilottama”), a narrative poem on the story of Sunda and Upasunda; Brajangana (1861; “Woman of Braja”), a cycle of lyrics on the Radha-Krishna theme; and Birangana (1862; “War Heroine”), a set of 21 epistolary poems on the model of…

Sovetsk, river port, Kaliningrad oblast (region), western Russia, on the Neman River. The city was founded by the Teutonic Knights in 1288 and was the site of the treaty negotiated between Napoleon and Tsar Alexander I in 1807. Until 1945 the city belonged to Prussia. Today it has wood and food

Treaties of Tilsit, (July 7 [June 25, Old Style] and July 9 [June 27], 1807), agreements that France signed with Russia and with Prussia (respectively) at Tilsit, northern Prussia (now Sovetsk, Russia), after Napoleon’s victories over the Prussians at Jena and at Auerstädt and over the Russians at

Michael Tilson Thomas is an American conductor and composer of classical music, pianist, and educator who was noted as a champion of contemporary American composers and as the founder and music director of Miami’s New World Symphony and the music director of the San Francisco Symphony. Tilson

sports: Sports in the Middle Ages: At the tilt, in which mounted knights with lances tried to unhorse one another, the knight was practicing the art of war, his raison d’être. He displayed his prowess before lords, ladies, and commoners and profited not only from valuable prizes but also from ransoms exacted from…

helicopter: Convertiplanes: The third is the tilt duct, in which propellers shrouded in ducts are rotated from one flight mode to the other. The fourth is the tilt propeller, perhaps the least successful of the group. The Curtiss-Wright Corporation built the X-100 test-bed, which was successful enough to allow the building…

helicopter: Convertiplanes: The fourth is the tilt propeller, perhaps the least successful of the group. The Curtiss-Wright Corporation built the X-100 test-bed, which was successful enough to allow the building of the more advanced but ill-fated X-l9 prototype that crashed during testing.

helicopter: Convertiplanes: …important of which is the tilt-rotor aircraft, such as the Bell/Boeing V-22, in which a helicopter rotor is tilted vertically for vertical lift and horizontally for ordinary flight. The V-22 stemmed from more than three decades of development, which began with the Bell XV-3 in the early 1950s. It represents…

tilt-top table, table, the top of which is hinged to a central pedestal in such a way that it can be turned from a horizontal to a vertical position and, thereby, when not in use, take up less space. Originally the idea was applied mainly to occasional (e.g., light, movable) tables of the kind used

helicopter: Convertiplanes: The second type is the tilt wing. In these aircraft, the wing is rotated to point the propellers vertically for takeoff and landing, then adjusted for horizontal flight by bringing the wing to a normal angle of attack. The third is the tilt duct, in which propellers shrouded in ducts…

Richard Serra: One of his key artworks, Tilted Arc, commissioned in 1981 by the U.S. government for Federal Plaza in New York City, brought heated discussions about its artistic purpose and its effect on the public space. The piece, which measured 120 feet (36 meters) long and 12 feet (almost 4 meters)…

tilth, Physical condition of soil, especially in relation to its suitability for planting or growing a crop. Factors that determine tilth include the formation and stability of aggregated soil particles, moisture content, degree of aeration, rate of water infiltration, and drainage. The tilth of a

sports: Sports in the Middle Ages: At the tilt, in which mounted knights with lances tried to unhorse one another, the knight was practicing the art of war, his raison d’être. He displayed his prowess before lords, ladies, and commoners and profited not only from valuable prizes but also from ransoms exacted from…

Bessemer process: The Bessemer converter is a cylindrical steel pot approximately 6 metres (20 feet) high, originally lined with a siliceous refractory. Air is blown in through openings (tuyeres) near the bottom, creating oxides of silicon and manganese, which become part of the slag, and of carbon, which…

dam: Gates: Tilting gates consist of flaps held by hinges along their lower edges that permit water to flow over the top when they are lowered.

railroad: Automatic body tilting: The permissible maximum speed of a passenger train through curves is the level beyond which a railroad considers passengers will suffer unacceptable centrifugal force; the limit beyond which derailment becomes a risk is considerably higher. On a line built for exclusive use…