• trot (animal locomotion)

    trot, two-beat gait of a horse in which the feet are lifted and strike the ground in diagonal pairs—the right hind and left fore almost simultaneously; then the left hind and right fore. As the horse springs from one pair of legs to the other, twice in each stride all of its legs are off the ground

  • Troteras y danzaderas (work by Pérez de Ayala)

    Ramón Pérez de Ayala: … (1912; The Fox’s Paw); and Troteras y danzaderas (1913; “Trotters and Dancers”), a novel about literary and Bohemian life in Madrid.

  • Trotha, Lothar von (German military officer)

    German-Herero conflict of 1904–07: Conflict: Lothar von Trotha as the new commander in chief. He was a colonial veteran of the wars in German East Africa and of the Boxer Rebellion in China.

  • Trotsky, Leon (Russian revolutionary)

    Leon Trotsky was a communist theorist and agitator, a leader in Russia’s October Revolution in 1917, and later commissar of foreign affairs and of war in the Soviet Union (1917–24). In the struggle for power following Vladimir Ilich Lenin’s death, however, Joseph Stalin emerged as victor, while

  • Trotskyism

    Trotskyism, a Marxist ideology based on the theory of permanent revolution first expounded by Leon Trotsky (1879–1940), one of the leading theoreticians of the Russian Bolshevik Party and a leader in the Russian Revolution. Trotskyism was to become the primary theoretical target of Stalinism (q.v.)

  • trotter (harness racing)

    trotting, horse racing event in which Standardbred horses drawing sulkies compete. See harness

  • Trotter, Tariq (American music artist)

    the Roots: …was created in 1987 by Black Thought and Questlove—the only members who remained part of the band throughout its history—when they met as students at the Philadelphia High School for the Creative and Performing Arts. Originally calling themselves the Square Roots, they began performing on Philadelphia street corners. With the…

  • Trotter, Wilfred (British surgeon and sociologist)

    Wilfred Trotter was a surgeon and sociologist whose writings on the behaviour of man in the mass popularized the phrase herd instinct. A surgeon at University College Hospital, London, from 1906, and professor of surgery there from 1935, Trotter held the office of honorary surgeon to King George V

  • Trotter, William Monroe (American journalist and civil rights activist)

    William Monroe Trotter was an African American journalist and vocal advocate of racial equality in the early 20th century. From the pages of his weekly newspaper, The Guardian, he criticized the pragmatism of Booker T. Washington, agitating for civil rights among blacks. Along with W.E.B. Du Bois

  • Trotti, Jacques-Joachim (French diplomat)

    Jacques-Joachim Trotti, marquis de La Chétardie was a French officer and diplomat who helped raise the princess Elizabeth to the throne of Russia. La Chétardie entered French military service at an early age and rose through the ranks, becoming lieutenant (1721), major (1730), and colonel (1734).

  • Trottier, Bryan (Canadian hockey player)

    New York Islanders: …right wing Mike Bossy, centre Bryan Trottier, and left wing Clark Gillies. That young group (all but Smith were no older than age 25 at the start of the 1979–80 season) played with postseason poise that belied their youth, losing just three games over the course of their first four…

  • trotting (harness racing)

    trotting, horse racing event in which Standardbred horses drawing sulkies compete. See harness

  • Trotwood, Betsey (fictional character)

    Betsey Trotwood, fictional character, the eccentric aunt of the protagonist of Charles Dickens’s novel David Copperfield

  • Trotzig, Birgitta (Swedish author)

    Birgitta Trotzig was a Swedish novelist and essayist in the existential tradition of France in the 1940s. She lived in Paris from 1955 to 1972. In her novels Trotzig probed from different perspectives the same basic human dilemma: man as a prisoner of his own ego and his own patterns of action. Her

  • Trou aux Cerfs (extinct crater, Mauritius)

    Curepipe: The Trou aux Cerfs, an extinct crater that is 280 feet (85 metres) deep and 200 feet (60 metres) wide, overlooks the town. Pop. (2005 est.) 82,660.

  • Trou d’Eau Mountains (mountains, Hispaniola)

    Dominican Republic: Relief, drainage, and soils: …to the south is the Sierra de Neiba, which corresponds to the Matheux and Trou d’Eau mountains of Haiti; its high peaks reach approximately 7,200 feet (2,200 metres). Water flowing off the Neiba range drains partly to the Caribbean, via the Yaque del Sur system, and partly inland, to saline…

  • troubadour (medieval lyric poet)

    troubadour, lyric poet of southern France, northern Spain, and northern Italy, writing in the langue d’oc of Provence; the troubadours, flourished from the late 11th to the late 13th century. Their social influence was unprecedented in the history of medieval poetry. Favoured at the courts, they

  • Troubadour (album by K’naan)

    K’Naan: …K’Naan expanded his audience with Troubadour (2009). The album, recorded in Jamaica at studios that once belonged to Bob Marley, was another globally inspired concoction, featuring elements of reggae and Ethiopian jazz beneath K’Naan’s ebullient rhymes. Though some critics felt that the record was unfocused because of a surfeit of…

  • Troubadour, The (opera by Verdi)

    Il trovatore, opera in four acts by Italian composer Giuseppe Verdi (Italian libretto by Salvatore Cammarano, with additions by Leone Emanuele Bardare) that premiered at the Teatro Apollo in Rome on January 19, 1853. Verdi prepared a revised version in French, Le Trouvère, with added ballet music,

  • Trouble Along the Way (film by Curtiz [1953])

    Michael Curtiz: Last films of Michael Curtiz: …of the same name, and Trouble Along the Way starred John Wayne as a football coach who stretches the rules in an attempt to reverse the fortunes of a small college in financial straits. The anticlimactic ending to Curtiz’s 28-year career at Warner Brothers came in 1954 with The Boy…

  • Trouble I’ve Seen, The (work by Gellhorn)

    Martha Gellhorn: The Trouble I’ve Seen (1936) is an account of her experiences. In 1937 she accepted her first war assignment, covering the Spanish Civil War for Collier’s Weekly, and it was during this time that she began an affair with Hemingway. He dedicated For Whom the…

  • Trouble in July (work by Caldwell)

    Erskine Caldwell: …other more important works are Trouble in July (1940); the episodic narrative Georgia Boy (1943), a well-told story of boyhood; the literary autobiography Call It Experience (1951); and In Search of Bisco (1965).

  • Trouble in Paradise (film by Lubitsch [1932])

    Ernst Lubitsch: Transition to sound: Lubitsch’s next project, Trouble in Paradise (1932), is considered by many to be his masterpiece. Hopkins and Herbert Marshall played romantically involved French jewel thieves who gain employment with a wealthy woman (Kay Francis) so that they can bilk her out of her fortune. As in many of…

  • Trouble in Paradise (album by Newman)

    Randy Newman: ” from Trouble in Paradise (1983), was lost on many listeners. Land of Dreams (1988) was Newman’s most personal album; in 1995 he released Faust, a concept album based on Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s Faust. The boxed set Guilty: 30 Years of Randy Newman appeared in 1998…

  • Trouble Man (film by Dixon [1972])

    Marvin Gaye: …the soundtrack for the film Trouble Man, with lyrics that mirrored his own sense of insecurity. Let’s Get It On, released in 1973, displayed Gaye’s sensuous side. I Want You (1976) was another meditation on libidinous liberation. Here, My Dear (1979) brilliantly dealt with Gaye’s divorce from Gordy’s sister Anna…

  • Trouble No More (album by Mellencamp)

    John Mellencamp: …self-titled John Mellencamp (1998); and Trouble No More (2003), an album of stripped-down covers that topped the blues charts. Freedom’s Road (2007) yielded the minor hit “Our Country.” Later releases included the T Bone Burnett-produced No Better Than This (2010), Plain Spoken (2014), and Sad Clowns & Hillbillies

  • Trouble the Water (film by Lessin and Deal)

    Danny Glover: …producer of such documentaries as Trouble the Water (2008), about Hurricane Katrina, which won the Grand Jury Prize at the Sundance Film Festival; Soundtrack for a Revolution (2009), on the American civil rights movement; and This Changes Everything (2015), about global warming. The latter two were produced by Louverture Films,…

  • Trouble with Angels, The (film by Lupino [1966])

    Ida Lupino: Later work: …the innocuous but pleasant comedy The Trouble with Angels; it centers on a rebellious teen (Hayley Mills) who makes life difficult for the mother superior (Rosalind Russell) at a convent school in Pennsylvania. Lupino then helmed several television shows before retiring from directing in 1968.

  • Trouble with Harry, The (film by Hitchcock [1955])

    Alfred Hitchcock: The Paramount years: Rear Window to North by Northwest: If Thief was lightweight, The Trouble with Harry (1955) was downright irreverent. A black comedy about a Vermont town’s problems with a corpse that just will not stay buried, it had the virtues of amusing performances by Edmund Gwenn and (in her screen debut) Shirley MacLaine, but the film…

  • Trouble with Maggie Cole, The (British television series)

    Dawn French: In 2020 she starred in The Trouble with Maggie Cole, about a woman who overshares gossip.

  • Trouble with Principle, The (work by Fish)

    Stanley Fish: …Studies and Political Change (1995), The Trouble with Principle (1999), and How Milton Works (2001). How to Write a Sentence: And How to Read One and Winning Arguments: What Works and Doesn’t Work in Politics, the Bedroom, the Courtroom, and the Classroom were published in 2011 and 2016, respectively.

  • Trouble with the Curve (film by Lorenz [2012])

    Amy Adams: Stage debut and later career: …of a baseball scout in Trouble with the Curve (2012) and a character based on William S. Burroughs’s wife, Joan Vollmer, in a screen adaptation of Jack Kerouac’s On the Road (2012). Also in 2012 Adams made her New York City stage debut in a Shakespeare in the Park production…

  • Trouble with You, The (film by Salvadori [2018])

    Audrey Tautou: ) and En liberte! (2018; The Trouble with You), in which she played the wife of a man wrongfully imprisoned. She played a free-spirited hairdresser in The Jesus Rolls (2019), an adaptation of Les valseuses (1974; Going Places) that was a spin-off of the Coen brothers’ The Big Lebowski (1998).

  • Troubled Asset Relief Program (United States government)

    Kenneth Chenault: …receive emergency financing through the Troubled Assets Relief Program (TARP)—a program created under the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 that allowed the Treasury secretary to purchase troubled assets from banks in order to restore stability and liquidity to U.S. credit markets.

  • Troubled Assets Relief Program (United States government)

    Kenneth Chenault: …receive emergency financing through the Troubled Assets Relief Program (TARP)—a program created under the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 that allowed the Treasury secretary to purchase troubled assets from banks in order to restore stability and liquidity to U.S. credit markets.

  • Troubled Blood (novel by Rowling)

    J.K. Rowling: The Cormoran Strike series and other books: …Evil (2015), Lethal White (2018), Troubled Blood (2020), The Ink Black Heart (2022), The Running Grave (2023), and The Hallmarked Man (2025). The series centers on the private detective Cormoran Strike, a war veteran who lost part of his leg while in Afghanistan, and his secretary-turned-business partner, Robin Ellacott. The…

  • Troubled Man, The (novel by Mankell)

    Henning Mankell: …in Den orolige mannen (2009; The Troubled Man). Mankell’s non-Wallander crime novels feature such characters as police officer Stefan Lindman (Danslärarens återkomst [2000; The Return of the Dancing Master]) and Judge Birgitta Roslin (Kinesen [2008; The Man from Beijing]).

  • Troublemaker (novel by Hansen)

    Dave Brandstetter: …of a gay bar in Troublemaker (1975). In Early Graves (1987) he comes out of retirement to trace a serial killer who murders victims of AIDS. The detective also appears in the novels The Man Everybody Was Afraid Of (1978), Skinflick (1980), Gravedigger (1982), Nightwork (1984), The Little Dog Laughed…

  • Troubles (novel by Farrell)

    J.G. Farrell: The first, Troubles (1970), focuses on the struggle for Irish independence in the years following World War I, with its principal setting—the sprawling, run-down Majestic Hotel—serving as a metaphor for the dying empire. Though a rule change made the novel (and all others published in 1970) ineligible…

  • Troubles, Council of (Netherlands history)

    Council of Troubles, (1567–74), special court in the Low Countries organized by the Spanish governor, the Duke of Alba, which initiated a reign of terror against all elements suspected of heresy or rebellion. Alba’s dispatch to the Netherlands at the head of a large army in the summer of 1567 had

  • Troubles, the (Northern Ireland history)

    the Troubles, violent sectarian conflict from about 1968 to 1998 in Northern Ireland between the overwhelmingly Protestant unionists (loyalists), who desired the province to remain part of the United Kingdom, and the overwhelmingly Roman Catholic nationalists (republicans), who wanted Northern

  • Troubles, Time of (Russian history)

    Time of Troubles, period of political crisis in Russia that followed the demise of the Rurik dynasty (1598) and ended with the establishment of the Romanov dynasty (1613). During this period foreign intervention, peasant uprisings, and the attempts of pretenders to seize the throne threatened to

  • Troublesome Raigne and Lamentable Death of Edward the Second, King of England, The (play by Marlowe)

    Christopher Marlowe: The Jew of Malta and other plays: …in the younger Mortimer of Edward II Marlowe shows a man developing an appetite for power and increasingly corrupted as power comes to him. In each instance the dramatist shares in the excitement of the pursuit of glory, but all three plays present such figures within a social framework: the…

  • Troublesome Raigne of John King of England, The (English play)

    King John: …two-part drama generally known as The Troublesome Raigne of John King of England. This earlier play, first printed in 1591, was based on the chronicles of Raphael Holinshed and Edward Hall; Shakespeare also consulted some chronicle materials, as well as John Foxe’s Acts and Monuments (1563), known as

  • Troubling Love (novel by Ferrante)

    Elena Ferrante: Early work: …debut with L’amore molesto (Troubling Love), which follows middle-aged Delia as she returns to her native Naples to reconstruct the last days of her mother, whose body is found almost entirely naked and drowned in a river. In the lead-up to the novel’s release, Ferrante refused to do any…

  • trough (wave)

    wave: Types and features of waves: …low point is called the trough. For longitudinal waves, the compressions and rarefactions are analogous to the crests and troughs of transverse waves. The distance between successive crests or troughs is called the wavelength. The height of a wave is the amplitude. How many crests or troughs pass a specific…

  • trough withering

    tea: Withering: In trough withering, air is forced through a thick layer of leaf on a mesh in a trough. In drum withering, rotating, perforated drums are used instead of troughs, and in tunnel withering, leaf is spread on tats carried by mobile trolleys and is subjected to…

  • Troughs of the Coastal Margin (region, United States)

    United States: The Western Cordillera: …these Pacific Coast Ranges the Troughs of the Coastal Margin contain the only extensive lowland plains of the Pacific margin—California’s Central Valley, Oregon’s Willamette River valley, and the half-drowned basin of Puget Sound in Washington. Parts of an inland trench that extends for great distances along the east coast of…

  • Troughton, Edward (English inventor)

    Edward Troughton was an English maker of scientific instruments. At age 17 Troughton joined his brother’s mechanician’s shop in London, where he applied himself singlemindedly to inventing. His new mode of graduating arcs of circles (1778) would later be called “the greatest improvement ever made

  • troupial (bird)

    passeriform: Nesting: …nests are often appropriated by troupials (Icterus icterus), which evict the owners, even destroying the eggs and young in the process. a few other species also take over nests for their own use, notably the piratic flycatcher (Legatus leucophaius, a tyrannid) and the bay-winged cowbird (Molothrus badius).

  • Troupsville (Georgia, United States)

    Carrollton, city, seat (1829) of Carroll county, western Georgia, U.S. It is situated near the Little Tallapoosa River, about 45 miles (70 km) southwest of Atlanta. Formerly called Troupsville, it was renamed (1829) for the Maryland plantation of patriot Charles Carroll. It developed as a trade and

  • trousers (clothing)

    trousers, an outer garment covering the lower half of the body from the waist to the ankles and divided into sections to cover each leg separately. In attempting to define trousers, historians often explain that if any portion of a garment passed between the legs, it was an ancestor of this

  • trout (fish)

    trout, any of several prized game and food fishes of the family Salmonidae (order Salmoniformes) that are usually restricted to freshwater, though a few types migrate to the sea between spawnings. Trout are closely related to salmon. They are important sport fishes and are often raised in

  • Trout Fishing in America (work by Brautigan)

    Richard Brautigan: Trout Fishing in America (1967), his second novel, became his best-known work. Rife with allusions to acknowledged American literary masters such as Henry David Thoreau and Ernest Hemingway and rich with references to early American history, Trout Fishing in America is a subversive commentary on…

  • Trout Mask Replica (album by Captain Beefheart)

    Captain Beefheart: Beefheart’s most famous recording, Trout Mask Replica (1969), produced by Zappa, proved an astonishing departure from previous rock conventions, combining eerie slide guitars, unpredictable rhythms, and surrealistic lyrics that Beefheart (who possessed a five-octave range) wailed with fierce intensity. His songs conveyed a deep distrust of modern civilization, a…

  • Trout Quintet (work by Schubert)

    Trout Quintet, five-movement quintet for piano and stringed instruments by Austrian composer Franz Schubert that is characterized by distinctive instrumentation and form. In the summer of 1819 Schubert visited the Austrian town of Steyr, about halfway between Vienna and Salzburg, with his friend

  • Trout’s Lie (poetry by Everett)

    Percival Everett: Other works and honors: …Swimming Swimmers Swimming (2011) and Trout’s Lie (2015).

  • Trout, Michael Nelson (American baseball player)

    Mike Trout is an American baseball centre fielder who was one of the sport’s best all-around players of the early 21st century. Trout was a baseball star at Millville (New Jersey) High School, and his already apparent skills prompted the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim to choose him as the 25th

  • Trout, Mike (American baseball player)

    Mike Trout is an American baseball centre fielder who was one of the sport’s best all-around players of the early 21st century. Trout was a baseball star at Millville (New Jersey) High School, and his already apparent skills prompted the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim to choose him as the 25th

  • trout-perch (fish)

    trout-perch, either of two species of small, dark-spotted fishes of the genus Percopsis (family Percopsidae), found in freshwaters of North America. The larger species, P. omiscomaycus, grows about 15 cm (6 inches) long and is found in central North America. The second, P. transmontana, is about 10

  • trout-stream beetle (insect)

    Coleoptera: Annotated classification: Family Amphizoidae (trout-stream beetles) About 5 species (Amphizoa) in Tibet, North America; feed on drowned insects. Family Aspidytidae (cliff water beetles) 2 species (Aspidytes). Family Carabidae (ground beetles) Usually dark,

  • Trouvelot, Étienne L. (French astronomer)

    extraterrestrial life: Martian vegetation and canals: …posed by a French astronomer, Étienne L. Trouvelot, in 1884:

  • trouvère (French poet)

    trouvère, any of a school of poets that flourished in northern France from the 11th to the 14th century. The trouvère was the counterpart in the language of northern France (the langue d’oïl) to the Provençal troubadour (q.v.), from whom the trouvères derived their highly stylized themes and

  • trouveur (French poet)

    trouvère, any of a school of poets that flourished in northern France from the 11th to the 14th century. The trouvère was the counterpart in the language of northern France (the langue d’oïl) to the Provençal troubadour (q.v.), from whom the trouvères derived their highly stylized themes and

  • Trouville (France)

    Trouville, seaside resort and port on the English Channel, Calvados département, Normandy région, northwestern France. It is situated where the Normandy Corniche drops to the right bank of the Touques estuary, opposite Deauville-les-Bains, with which community there are ferry and bridge links.

  • Trouville-sur-Mer (France)

    Trouville, seaside resort and port on the English Channel, Calvados département, Normandy région, northwestern France. It is situated where the Normandy Corniche drops to the right bank of the Touques estuary, opposite Deauville-les-Bains, with which community there are ferry and bridge links.

  • trovador, El (work by García Gutiérrez)

    Il trovatore: Based on the 1836 play El trovador by Antonio García Gutiérrez, the opera is one of three considered to represent the culmination of Verdi’s artistry to that point. (The other two are Rigoletto and La traviata.)

  • trover (law)

    trover, a form of lawsuit in common-law countries (e.g., England, Commonwealth countries, and the United States) for recovery of damages for wrongful taking of personal property. Trover belongs to a series of remedies for such wrongful taking, its distinctive feature being recovery only for the

  • Trovoada, Miguel (president of Sao Tome and Principe)

    Sao Tome and Principe: After independence: …was succeeded in 1991 by Miguel Trovoada, a former prime minister who ran for the presidency unopposed in the first free elections in the country’s history. In August 1995 Trovoada was deposed in a bloodless coup orchestrated by the military. However, coup leaders reconsidered their demands when faced with the…

  • Trovoada, Patrice (prime minister of Sao Tome and Principe)

    Sao Tome and Principe: After independence: …giving it a majority, and Patrice Trovoada (ADI) was appointed prime minister the next month. The son of former president Miguel Trovoada, Patrice had previously served as prime minister in 2008 and again in 2010–12.

  • trow (legendary creature)

    troll, in early Scandinavian folklore, giant, monstrous being, sometimes possessing magic powers. Hostile to men, trolls lived in castles and haunted the surrounding districts after dark. If exposed to sunlight they burst or turned to stone. In later tales trolls often are man-sized or smaller

  • Trow, Ann (American abortionist)

    Madame Restell was a British-born abortionist and purveyor of contraceptives. Ann Trow was born into a poor family. In 1831 she moved to New York City with her husband, who died a few years later. In 1836 she married Charles R. Lohman, who had established himself as a purveyor of various

  • Trowbridge (England, United Kingdom)

    Trowbridge, town (parish), administrative and historic county of Wiltshire, southwestern England. Trowbridge is located on the River Biss in western Wiltshire, approximately 12 miles (19 km) southeast of Bath. Its substantial growth in the 18th and 19th centuries and strong transportation links

  • Trowenna Sea, The (novel by Ihimaera)

    Witi Ihimaera: The Trowenna Sea (2009), a fictionalized version of the story of a Māori man imprisoned on Tasmania in the 1840s, became the focus of a controversy after several passages were discovered to have been plagiarized. Ihimaera attributed the lapse to lax research practices and purchased…

  • trowsers (clothing)

    trousers, an outer garment covering the lower half of the body from the waist to the ankles and divided into sections to cover each leg separately. In attempting to define trousers, historians often explain that if any portion of a garment passed between the legs, it was an ancestor of this

  • Troxler phenomenon (physiology)

    human eye: The retinal image: This effect is called the Troxler phenomenon. To study it reproducibly, it is necessary to use an optical device that ensures that the image of any object upon which the gaze is fixed will remain on the same part of the retina however the eyes move. When this is achieved,…

  • Troy (Alabama, United States)

    Troy, city, seat (1839) of Pike county, southeastern Alabama, U.S., about 50 miles (80 km) southeast of Montgomery. Originally known as Deer Stand Hill (an Indian hunting ground) and first settled about 1824, it was later known as Zebulon and then Centreville before being renamed Troy (1838),

  • Troy (New York, United States)

    Troy, city, seat (1793) of Rensselaer county, eastern New York, U.S. It lies on the east bank of the Hudson River, opposite Watervliet and the junction of the Hudson with the Mohawk River and the New York State Canal System. With Albany and Schenectady, it forms an urban-industrial complex. Its

  • Troy (ancient city, Turkey)

    Troy, ancient city in northwestern Anatolia that holds an enduring place in both literature and archaeology. It occupied a key position on trade routes between Europe and Asia. The legend of the Trojan War, fought between the Greeks and the people of Troy, is the most notable theme from ancient

  • Troy and Its Remains (work by Schliemann)

    Heinrich Schliemann: Discovery of Troy: During the delay he published Troja und seine Ruinen (1875; “Troy and Its Ruins”) and began excavation at Mycenae. In August 1876 he began work in the tholoi, digging by the Lion Gate and then inside the citadel walls, where he found a double ring of slabs and, within that…

  • Troy Book, The (work by Lydgate)

    John Lydgate: …from vast narratives such as The Troy Book and The Falle of Princis to occasional poems of a few lines. Of the longer poems, one translated from the French, the allegory Reason and Sensuality (c. 1408) on the theme of chastity, contains fresh and charming descriptions of nature, in well-handled…

  • Troy Female Seminary (school, Troy, New York, United States)

    Troy Female Seminary, American educational institution, established in 1821 by Emma Hart Willard in Troy, New York, the first in the country founded to provide young women with an education comparable to that of college-educated young men. At the time of the seminary’s founding, women were barred

  • Troy Hills (New Jersey, United States)

    Parsippany–Troy Hills, township, Morris county, northeastern New Jersey, U.S. The township extends eastward from the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains to the Passaic River swamps, 23 miles (37 km) west of New York City. Communities within the township include Manor Lakes, Lake Hiawatha, Lake

  • Troy University (university, Troy, Alabama, United States)

    Montgomery: …of Auburn University Montgomery (1967), Troy University (1957), Faulkner University (1942), Huntingdon College (1854; Methodist), and Alabama State University (moved from Marion in 1887).

  • troy weight (measurement system)

    troy weight, traditional system of weight in the British Isles based on the grain, pennyweight (24 grains), ounce (20 pennyweights), and pound (12 ounces). The troy grain, pennyweight, and ounce have been used since the Middle Ages to weigh gold, silver, and other precious metals and stones. The

  • Troy, Jean-François de (French painter)

    Jean-François de Troy was a French Rococo painter known for his tableaux de mode, or scenes of the life of the French upper class and aristocracy, especially during the period of the regency—e.g., Hunt Breakfast (1737) and Luncheon with Oysters (1735). As a youngster he studied with his father,

  • Troy, Sergeant Francis (fictional character)

    Sergeant Francis Troy, fictional character, a dashing but heartless cad who marries Bathsheba Everdene, the heroine of Thomas Hardy’s novel Far from the Madding Crowd

  • Troyens, Les (opera by Berlioz)

    Hector Berlioz: Mature career of Hector Berlioz: …I: the massive two-part drama Les Troyens (1855–58), based on Virgil’s story of Dido and Aeneas, and the short, witty comedy Béatrice et Bénédict, written between 1860 and 1862 and based on Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing. For all these Berlioz wrote his own librettos. He also wrote a Te…

  • Troyes (France)

    Troyes, town, capital of Aube département, Grand Est région, northeastern France. It is located southeast of Paris and directly south of Reims. The town was the historical capital of Champagne. Before Julius Caesar’s conquest, Troyes was already a town of the Gauls. Under the Roman emperor

  • Troyes, Council of (French history)

    Louis II: At a council at Troyes in 878, the Pope attempted to force Louis to take up the role of defender of the papacy, but Louis refused. Louis and his cousin Louis the Younger, ruler of the East Frankish kingdom, agreed to maintain the division of Lotharingia that their respective…

  • Troyes, Treaty of (England-France [1420])

    United Kingdom: The French war: In 1420 in the Treaty of Troyes it was agreed that Henry would marry Catherine, Charles VI’s daughter. He was to be heir to the French throne, and that throne was to descend to his heirs in perpetuity. But Charles VI’s son, the Dauphin, was not a party to…

  • troyestrochnoye peniye (Russian chant form)

    Russian chant: …indigenous polyphonic repertoire known as troyestrochnoye peniye (“three-line singing”) arose about this time. It consisted of a traditional chant in the middle voice, accompanied by a newly composed descant and bass. By Western standards, these harmonizations are very dissonant.

  • Troyon, Constant (French artist)

    Barbizon school: Constant Troyon, all of whom had had indifferent success in Paris.

  • TRP channel (biology)

    transient receptor potential channel, superfamily of ion channels occurring in cell membranes that are involved in various types of sensory reception, including thermoreception, chemoreception, mechanoreception, and photoreception. TRP channels were discovered in the late 1970s and early 1980s on

  • TRPA (subfamily A) (biochemistry)

    thermoreception: Study of thermoreceptors: …channels known as TRPM (melastatin), TRPA (subfamily A), and TRPV (vanilloid) can respond to changes in temperature, with TRPM and TRPA known to respond to cold and TRPV known to respond to warmth, noxious heat, and protons. TRPV channels have been identified on sensory neurons and on epithelial cells, and…

  • TRPA1 (protein)

    Ardem Patapoutian: …led to the discovery of TRPA1 (the so-called wasabi receptor), which acts as a sensor for noxious stimuli, including cold and pain.

  • TRPM (melastatin) (biochemistry)

    thermoreception: Study of thermoreceptors: For example, channels known as TRPM (melastatin), TRPA (subfamily A), and TRPV (vanilloid) can respond to changes in temperature, with TRPM and TRPA known to respond to cold and TRPV known to respond to warmth, noxious heat, and protons. TRPV channels have been identified on sensory neurons and on epithelial…

  • TRPV (vanilloid) (biochemistry)

    thermoreception: Study of thermoreceptors: …(melastatin), TRPA (subfamily A), and TRPV (vanilloid) can respond to changes in temperature, with TRPM and TRPA known to respond to cold and TRPV known to respond to warmth, noxious heat, and protons. TRPV channels have been identified on sensory neurons and on epithelial cells, and TRPM channels are primarily…

  • TRS (political party, India)

    Telangana: History of Telangana: …to the establishment of the Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS) in 2001, a political party dedicated to creating the new state. Years of discussions followed, particularly on the disposition of Hyderabad, by far the most populous and economically important city in Andhra Pradesh. Ultimately, it was agreed that Hyderabad would serve…

  • TRS-80 (computer)

    computer: Commodore and Tandy enter the field: …the market with its own TRS-80 microcomputer, which came with four kilobytes of memory, a Z80 microprocessor, a BASIC programming language, and cassettes for data storage. To cut costs, the machine was built without the ability to type lowercase letters. Thanks to Tandy’s chain of stores and the breakthrough price…