Alexander McCall Smith: …for the Traditionally Built (2009), The Saturday Big Tent Wedding Party (2011), The Minor Adjustment Beauty Salon (2013), The Handsome Man’s De Luxe Café (2014), The Woman Who Walked in Sunshine (2015), The House of Unexpected Sisters (2017), To the Land of Long Lost Friends (2019), and The Joy and…

Rock and radio in the United Kingdom: …Broadcasting Corporation’s (BBC’s) Light Programme: Saturday Club and Sunday morning’s Easy Beat. Both were presented by the avuncular Brian Matthew and blighted by a bewilderingly broad musical base and an imbalance between studio sessions and recorded music. The restriction on records played was a result of the “needle time” agreement…

William Faulkner: The major novels: …popular—and well-paying—magazines as Collier’s and Saturday Evening Post. Greater, if more equivocal, prominence came with the financially successful publication of Sanctuary, a novel about the brutal rape of a Southern college student and its generally violent, sometimes comic, consequences. A serious work, despite Faulkner’s unfortunate declaration that it was written…

Halloween is observed on October 31, no matter what day of the week it falls on, and it has a long history. In Europe and North America, observance of the holiday is mainly nonreligious, celebrated with parties, spooky costumes, carved jack-o’-lanterns, and the giving of candy. Although the holiday

Chicago: …Time It Is?” and “Saturday in the Park.” In the late 1970s, following the death of guitarist Kath, Chicago slumped; the band topped the charts again in the ’80s with hits such as “Hard to Say I’m Sorry,” though it failed to maintain that momentum in the ’90s. Vocalist…

Charlotte Mew: title, Saturday Market), was praised for its natural, direct language, including Wessex country dialect. The title poem and “Madeleine in Church”—in which a prostitute addresses the Virgin Mary—are noted for their then avant-garde conversational rhythms. The Rambling Sailor (1929), a posthumous collection of 32 previously uncollected…

Alan Sillitoe: …on his first published novel, Saturday Night and Sunday Morning (1958; filmed 1960). It was an immediate success, telling the story of a rude and amoral young labourer for whom drink and sex on Saturday night provide the only relief from the oppression of the working life.

Saturday Night and Sunday Morning, British film drama, released in 1960, that is one of the best of the Angry Young Men movies that emanated from England in the late 1950s and ’60s. In his first starring role, Albert Finney played a charismatic man who seems destined to follow in his parents’ and

the Bee Gees: Saturday Night Fever: …soundtrack album for the film Saturday Night Fever (1977) that would popularize and in many ways define disco. The soundtrack earned several Grammys, including album of the year. The single “How Deep Is Your Love” won the Grammy for best pop vocal performance by a group. Besides writing their own…

Saturday Night Fever, American musical-drama film, released in 1977 and starring John Travolta, about a young Brooklynite who escapes his dead-end working-class life and family frustrations through disco dancing. The movie, written by Norman Wexler and directed by John Badham, was a critical and

Clara Bow: …lost), Dangerous Curves (1929), and The Saturday Night Kid (1929).

Saturday Night Live (SNL), American sketch comedy and variety television series that has aired on Saturday nights on the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) network since 1975, becoming one of the longest-running programs in television. The series is a fixture of NBC programming and a landmark in

United States: The Watergate scandal: This “Saturday night massacre” of Justice Department officials did not, however, stem the flow of damaging revelations, confessions, and indictments.

John Ciardi: …as poetry editor of the Saturday Review from 1956 to 1972. He felt that interaction between audience and author was crucial, and he generated continuous controversy with his critical reviews. He was a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the National Institute of Arts and Letters.

George Bernard Shaw: Early life and career: …by Frank Harris to the Saturday Review as theatre critic (1895–98); in that position he used all his wit and polemical powers in a campaign to displace the artificialities and hypocrisies of the Victorian stage with a theatre of vital ideas. He also began writing his own plays.

Finnish literature: Literature in Swedish: …centred on the Lördagssällskapet (Saturday Society), a group of young men that counted among its members, in addition to Runeberg, Johan Vilhelm Snellman, Zacharias Topelius, and, as an occasional guest, Elias Lönnrot. Although writing in Swedish, members of the Saturday Society were conscious of creating a culture and a…

Maxwell Anderson: Saturday’s Children (1927), about the marital problems of a young couple, was also very successful. Anderson’s prestige was increased by two ambitious historical dramas in verse—Elizabeth the Queen (1930) and Mary of Scotland (1933)—and by a success of a very different nature, his humorous Pulitzer…

Vincent Sherman: Early work: Saturday’s Children (1940) was a step up, a serious drama based on a Maxwell Anderson play; John Garfield and Anne Shirley starred as struggling newlyweds. Sherman explored various genres with his next films. The Man Who Talked Too Much (1940) was a courtroom drama, and…

savory: The most-common culinary species is summer savory (Satureja hortensis), an annual shrubby herb that grows well in warm climates. The square stems are covered with fine trichomes (plant hairs) and are sometimes tinged with purple. The linear gray-green leaves are arranged oppositely and are about 2.5 cm (1 inch) in…

savory: Winter savory, or dwarf savory (S. montana), is a smaller perennial subshrub that flowers in winter. It is used for culinary purposes almost interchangeably with the summer species.

savory, (genus Satureja), genus of about 30 species of aromatic herbs of the mint family (Lamiaceae). Savory is native to Eurasia and North Africa and is cultivated in many climates, particularly in France and Spain. The dried leaves and flowering tops of several species are used to flavour many

savory: The most-common culinary species is summer savory (Satureja hortensis), an annual shrubby herb that grows well in warm climates. The square stems are covered with fine trichomes (plant hairs) and are sometimes tinged with purple. The linear gray-green leaves are arranged oppositely and are about 2.5 cm (1 inch) in…

Saturia–Manikganj Sadar tornado, catastrophic tornado that struck the Manikganj district of Bangladesh on April 26, 1989. Causing approximately 1,300 fatalities, it was likely the deadliest tornado in recorded history. The tornado struck at around 6:30 pm local time and moved east from the

Takht-e Soleymān, ancient city and Zoroastrian temple complex of Iran’s Sāsānian dynasty, subsequently occupied by other groups, including the Mongol Il-Khanid dynasty. It is located in northwestern Iran in the southeastern highlands of Western Āz̄arbāyjān province, about 25 miles (40 km) northeast

materials science: Aluminum: …average automobile, and General Motors’ Saturn, with an aluminum engine block and cylinder heads. These vehicles and others took their place alongside the British Land Rover, which was built with all-aluminum body panels beginning in 1948—a choice dictated by a shortage of steel during World War II and continued by…

Saturn, in space exploration, any of a series of large two- and three-stage vehicles for launching spacecraft, developed by the United States beginning in 1958 in connection with the crewed Apollo Moon-landing program. Saturn I, the first U.S. rocket specifically developed for spaceflight, was a

Saturn, painting by Francisco Goya completed in 1821–23. In 1819 Goya bought a house south of Madrid called the Quinta del Sordo (“Villa of the deaf man”). A previous owner of the house was deaf, and the name remained apt as Goya himself had lost his hearing in his mid-40s. The artist painted

Saturn, second largest planet of the solar system in mass and size and the sixth nearest planet in distance to the Sun. In the night sky Saturn is easily visible to the unaided eye as a non-twinkling point of light. When viewed through even a small telescope, the planet encircled by its magnificent

Saturn, in Roman religion, the god of sowing or seed. The Romans equated him with the Greek agricultural deity Cronus. The remains of Saturn’s temple at Rome, eight columns of the pronaos (porch), still dominate the west end of the Forum at the foot of the Clivus Capitolinus. The temple goes back

Saturnalia, the most popular of Roman festivals. Dedicated to the Roman god Saturn, the festival’s influence continues to be felt throughout the Western world. Originally celebrated on December 17, Saturnalia was extended first to three and eventually to seven days. The date has been connected with

Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius: …most important work is the Saturnalia, the last known example of the long series of symposia headed by the Symposium of Plato.

saturniid moth: Major species: …heavily scaled wings of the emperor moth (Saturnia pavonia), which occurs in temperate regions of Europe and Asia, are marked by transparent eyespots, which presumably serve a protective function in frightening predators. Larval forms feed on shrubs.

caterpillar: Caterpillar defenses: Caterpillars of the giant peacock moth (Saturnia pyri) send out ultrasonic warning chirps to deter predators. In some cases, those chirps occur just prior to or in conjunction with the release of pungent chemical deterrents. The masked birch caterpillar (Drepana arcuata) produces vibratory signals in order to defend…

Saturnian verse, the ancient Latin verse used mainly by Livius Andronicus and Gnaeus Naevius before the adoption of Greek verse forms by later Latin writers. Little is known about its origins or whether its rhythm was accentual or

Saturnian verse, the ancient Latin verse used mainly by Livius Andronicus and Gnaeus Naevius before the adoption of Greek verse forms by later Latin writers. Little is known about its origins or whether its rhythm was accentual or

saturniid moth, (family Saturniidae), family of about 3,400 species of moths, some of which spin thick, silken cocoons and are sometimes used to produce commercial silk. (Read Britannica’s essay “What’s the Differerence between Moths and Butterflies?”) Adults have stout, hairy bodies and broad

saturniid moth, (family Saturniidae), family of about 3,400 species of moths, some of which spin thick, silken cocoons and are sometimes used to produce commercial silk. (Read Britannica’s essay “What’s the Differerence between Moths and Butterflies?”) Adults have stout, hairy bodies and broad

Titus Andronicus: The late emperor’s son Saturninus is supposed to marry Titus’s daughter Lavinia; however, when his brother Bassianus runs away with her instead, Saturninus marries Tamora. Saturninus and Tamora then plot revenge against Titus. Lavinia is raped and mutilated by Tamora’s sadistic sons Demetrius and Chiron, who cut off her…

gnosticism: Adversus haereses: …those of Simon Magus, Menander, Satornil (or Saturninus) of Antioch, Basilides, Carpocrates, Marcellina, Cerinthus, Cerdo, Marcion of Sinope, Tatian, and the Ebionites.

Domitian: Domitian’s reign of terror and assassination: …came with the revolt of Antonius Saturninus, governor of Upper Germany, on January 1, 89. This was suppressed by the Lower German army, but a number of executions followed, and the law of majestas (treason) was later employed freely against senators. The years 93–96 were regarded as a period of…

Lucius Appuleius Saturninus was a Roman politician who, with Gaius Servilius Glaucia, opposed the Roman Senate from 103 to 100, at first with the cooperation of the prominent general Gaius Marius. Saturninus turned against the leaders of the Senate when, while serving as quaestor (financial

India: Gandhi’s strategy: He chose satya (“truth”) and ahimsa (nonviolence, or love) as the polar stars of his political movement; the former was the ancient Vedic concept of the real, embodying the very essence of existence itself, while the latter, according to Hindu (as well as Jain) scripture, was the…

Salatiga: The Satya Wacana Christian University, originally founded as a private Christian teacher-training college in 1956, is located there. Kopeng, a hill resort (4,593 feet [1,400 metres]), is about 9 miles (14 km) to the south of Salatiga. Pop. (2010) 170,332.

Philip Glass: Glass’s opera Satyagraha (1980) was a more authentically “operatic” portrayal of incidents from the early life of Mohandas K. Gandhi. In this work, the dronelike repetition of symmetrical sequences of chords attained a haunting and hypnotic power well attuned to the religio-spiritual themes of the libretto, adapted…

satyagraha, concept introduced in the early 20th century by Mahatma Gandhi to designate a determined but nonviolent resistance to evil. Gandhi’s satyagraha became a major tool in the Indian struggle against the British raj and has since been adopted by protest groups in other countries. The term

Lata Mangeshkar: Career: (1949; “Palace”), Barsaat (1949; “Rain”), Satyam Shivam Sundaram (1978; “Truth God Beauty”), and Maine Pyar Kiya (1989; “I Have Loved”). Notable among her concert performances was her soulful rendition of Kavi Pradeep and C. Ramachandra’s patriotic song “Ae Mere Watan Ke Logo” in 1963, which moved Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal…

Rajasthan: History of Rajasthan: Udaipur, Dayananda Sarasvati wrote his Satyarth Prakash (“The Light of Truth”); intended to restore Hinduism to its pristine purity, the work created a ferment in Rajputana. Important movements of thought also occurred among the Jain sadhus (holy men) and scholars. Ajmer was the centre of political activity, and nationalist leaders…

Kailash Satyarthi is an Indian social reformer who campaigned against child labor in India and elsewhere and advocated the universal right to education. In 2014 he was the corecipient of the Nobel Peace Prize, along with teenage Pakistani education advocate Malala Yousafzai, “for their struggle

pantheism: Buddhist doctrines: …as well as to the Satyasiddhi (“perfect attainment of truth”) group in Theravada Buddhism. Since the Void is also called the highest synthesis of all oppositions, the doctrine of the Void may be viewed as an instance of identity of opposites pantheism.

Satyasiddhi-śāstra, (Sanskrit: True Attainment Treatise), treatise in 202 chapters on the doctrine of the void (śūnya). The work stands as a philosophical bridge between Hīnayāna, or Theravāda, Buddhism, the form predominant in Sri Lanka (Ceylon) and Southeast Asia, and Mahāyāna Buddhism, the

Satyasiddhi-śāstra, (Sanskrit: True Attainment Treatise), treatise in 202 chapters on the doctrine of the void (śūnya). The work stands as a philosophical bridge between Hīnayāna, or Theravāda, Buddhism, the form predominant in Sri Lanka (Ceylon) and Southeast Asia, and Mahāyāna Buddhism, the

Vyasa: and the dasyu (aboriginal) princess Satyavati and grew up in forests, living with hermits who taught him the Vedas (ancient sacred literature of India). Thereafter he lived in the forests near the banks of the river Sarasvati, becoming a teacher and a priest, fathering a son and disciple, Shuka, and…

satire: Literature: …all of humanity, as in Satyr Against Mankind (1675), by John Wilmot, 2nd earl of Rochester, from Erasmus’s attack on corruptions in the church to Jonathan Swift’s excoriation of all civilized institutions in Gulliver’s Travels. Its forms within the Western literary tradition are as varied as its victims: from an…

Sir Richard Blackmore: …also treated in his verse Satyr Against Wit (1700). These and other writings in prose provoked retorts from Alexander Pope and his friends and earned Blackmore his reputation as “father of the Bathos, and indeed the Homer of it.”

Satyr and Silenus, in Greek mythology, creatures of the wild, part man and part beast, who in Classical times were closely associated with the god Dionysus. Their Italian counterparts were the Fauns (see Faunus). Satyrs and Sileni were at first represented as uncouth men, each with a horse’s tail

satyr butterfly, (subfamily Satyrinae), any of a group of delicate butterflies in the family Nymphalidae (order Lepidoptera) that are abundant during summer months in the woods and grasslands of the United States and Europe. The adults are dull brown or grey, while the larvae possess small, forked

satyr play, genre of ancient Greek drama that preserves the structure and characters of tragedy while adopting a happy atmosphere and a rural background. The satyr play can be considered the reversal of Attic tragedy, a kind of “joking tragedy.” The actors play mythical heroes engaged in action

Florent Chrestien: …of the authors of the Satyre Ménippée, the famous pasquinade in the interest of his old pupil Henry IV, in which the harangue put into the mouth of Cardinal de Pelvé is usually attributed to Chrestien.

Sir David Lyndsay: Lyndsay’s Ane Satyre of the Thrie Estaits is the only surviving complete Scottish morality play. Originally entitled “the mysdemeanours of Busshops Religious persones and preists within the Realme” (1540), it was enlarged with coarse comedy and performed in 1552 at Cupar, Fife, and again on the…

Victor Hugo: Exile (1851–70) of Victor Hugo: …is the theme of “Le Satyre”; and “Plein Ciel” proclaims, through utopian prediction of humankind’s conquest of the air, the poet’s conviction of indefinite progress toward the final unity of science with moral awareness.

Satyricon, (1st century ad), comic, picaresque novel attributed to Petronius

Federico Fellini: Major works: …Petronius Arbiter and Lucius Apuleius, Fellini Satyricon (1969), promoted with the slogan “Before Christ. After Fellini,” actually celebrated the hippie movement, which he first encountered in the United States. Two aimless young bisexual men wander a morally and physically decaying world of casual decadence, rendered in the gaudy colours that…

Satyricon, (1st century ad), comic, picaresque novel attributed to Petronius

satyr butterfly, (subfamily Satyrinae), any of a group of delicate butterflies in the family Nymphalidae (order Lepidoptera) that are abundant during summer months in the woods and grasslands of the United States and Europe. The adults are dull brown or grey, while the larvae possess small, forked

Hugh McCrae: His first book of verse, Satyrs and Sunlight: Sylvarum Libri (1909), appeared in a revised edition in 1928, which contains much of his best work. Colombine (1920) was followed by Idyllia (1922). Other works include The Mimshi Maiden (1938), Poems (1939), Forests of Pan (1944), and Voice of the Forest…

John Oldham: The four Satyrs upon the Jesuits (1681), including “Garnet’s Ghost,” previously published as a broadsheet in 1679, met with considerable contemporary success and constitute his most widely known work. They are forceful but melodramatic, crowded with coarse images and uneven versification, an attempt to imitate the invective…

Krzysztof Opaliński: …literature as the author of Satyry albo przestrogi do naprawy rządu i obyczajów w Polszcze należące (1650; “Satires or Warnings on the Reform of the Government and Customs in Poland”). In this work, which was widely read in Poland during the 17th century, Opaliński attacked the injustice and abuses of…

Sava River, river in the western Balkans. Its basin, 36,960 square miles (95,720 square km) in area, covers much of Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, and northern Serbia. It rises in the Triglav group of the Julian Alps as two rivers, the Sava Bohinjka and the Sava Dolinka, which join at Radovljica. It

Katherine Siva Saubel was a Native American scholar and educator committed to preserving her Cahuilla culture and language and to promoting their fuller understanding by the larger public. Reared on the Palm Springs Reservation in California, Katherine Siva was taught by her parents from an early

sauce, liquid or semiliquid mixture that is added to a food as it cooks or that is served with it. Sauces provide flavour, moisture, and a contrast in texture and colour. They may also serve as a medium in which food is contained, for example, the velouté sauce of creamed chicken. Seasoning liquids

aioli, sauce consisting primarily of garlic and olive oil. Aioli is a characteristic sauce of the French region of Provence, although it is widely used in neighbouring Spain and Italy as well. The Roman historian Pliny the Elder first recorded its use in Catalonia, where today it is called allioli,

mayonnaise: …verte (with puréed green herbs), sauce rémoulade (with anchovies, pickles, and capers), sauce aïoli (a Provençal mayonnaise flavoured with a great deal of garlic), and salad dressings such as Thousand Island and Russian dressings.

sauceboat, metal or pottery bowl with a lip and handle, used for holding and serving sauces. The earliest type of silver sauceboat, introduced during the second decade of the 18th century, had a protuberant lip at either end, two central scroll handles, and a molded base. By the 1740s the

lamp: …Egypt and China, was the saucer lamp. Made of pottery or bronze, it was sometimes provided with a spike in the centre of the declivity to support the wick, which was used to control the rate of burning. Another version had a wick channel, which allowed the burning surface of…

Magnoliales: Magnoliaceae: …is Magnolia × soulangeana (saucer magnolia), a spreading deciduous shrub with leaves that measure up to 15–20 cm (6–8 inches) long. Its flowers appear in early spring before the leaves, and this flowering continues after the leaves have developed. The flowers are typically white at their tips, with dark…

David Gilmour: Pink Floyd years: …starting with the 1968 album A Saucerful of Secrets, although Barrett wrote one song on that record.

Saucesian Stage, lowermost and oldest major division of Early Miocene rocks and time (23.7 to 16.6 million years ago) on the Pacific coast of North America. The Saucesian Stage, which preceded the Relizian Stage, was named for exposures studied at Los Sauces Creek, California. Three zones, or

Fritz Sauckel was a Nazi politician who was Adolf Hitler’s chief recruiter of slave labour during World War II. While Sauckel was serving as a seaman during World War I, his ship was captured by the British, and he spent the remainder of the war as a prisoner in France. He joined the Nazi Party in

clay mineral: Smectite: Zinc dominant species are called sauconite. There are other types of trioctahedral smectites in which the net charge deficiency arises largely from the imbalanced charge due to ionic substitution or a small number of cation vacancies in the octahedral sheets or both conditions. Ideally x is zero, but most often…

Louis III: Louis’s victory at Saucourt (the memory of which was preserved in the chanson de geste called Gormont et Isembart) inflicted heavy losses on the Vikings, but the able and energetic king, not yet 20, died in the following year.

Saud dynasty, rulers of Saudi Arabia. The dynasty, founded by Muhammad ibn Saud in the 18th century, takes its name from his father, Saud ibn Muhammad ibn Muqrin, who ruled the town of Al-Dirʿiyyah (near what is now Riyadh) from 1720 to 1725. What follows is a brief history of the Saud dynasty. For

Saud of Saudi Arabia was the son of Ibn Saud and his successor as king of Saudi Arabia from 1953 to 1964. After Ibn Saud conquered (1925) the Hejaz, a district in the Arabian Peninsula, he made his two eldest sons, Saud and Faisal, his deputies in Najd and Hejaz, respectively. Saud’s primary

Saud of Saudi Arabia was the son of Ibn Saud and his successor as king of Saudi Arabia from 1953 to 1964. After Ibn Saud conquered (1925) the Hejaz, a district in the Arabian Peninsula, he made his two eldest sons, Saud and Faisal, his deputies in Najd and Hejaz, respectively. Saud’s primary

Saud of Saudi Arabia was the son of Ibn Saud and his successor as king of Saudi Arabia from 1953 to 1964. After Ibn Saud conquered (1925) the Hejaz, a district in the Arabian Peninsula, he made his two eldest sons, Saud and Faisal, his deputies in Najd and Hejaz, respectively. Saud’s primary

McCoy Tyner was an American jazz pianist, bandleader, and composer, noted for his technical virtuosity and dazzling improvisations. Tyner began performing with local jazz ensembles while in his mid-teens. He met saxophonist John Coltrane in 1955 and, after a brief stint (1959) with a group led by

Sultan ibn Salman Al Saud is an astronaut who was the first Saudi Arabian citizen, the first Arab, the first Muslim, and the first member of a royal family to travel into space. Educated in the United States, Sultan received a degree in mass communications from the University of Denver (Colorado)

saudade, (Portuguese: “yearning”), overtone of melancholy and brooding loneliness and an almost mystical reverence for nature that permeates Portuguese and Brazilian lyric poetry. Saudade was a characteristic of the earliest Portuguese folk poetry and has been cultivated by sophisticated writers of

polytonality: …the left, while Darius Milhaud’s Saudades do Brasil combines a melody in C with an accompaniment in A♭ major. Such combinations of tonalities may be reviewed as 20th-century extensions of diatonic harmonic practices, following logically from post-Wagnerian chromaticism.

Dilip Kumar: Later career: (1982; “Creator”), Karma (1986), and Saudagar (1991; “Merchant”). He was also noted for his performance in Ramesh Sippy’s Shakti (1982; “Strength”). Kumar’s last film was the family drama Qila (1998; “Fort”).

Saudi Arabia, arid, sparsely populated kingdom of the Middle East that in the 20th century became one of the world’s largest oil-producing countries in terms of output. It is ruled by the Saud family, which in the 18th century entered an alliance with the austere and conservative Wahhābī Islamic

national flag consisting of a green field (background) bearing, in white, an Arabic inscription and a sabre. The flag has a width-to-length ratio of 2 to 3.When Muhammad began his proselytizing on behalf of Islam, there were no national flags in the modern sense, but in later years various flags

Saudi Arabia: History: This discussion focuses on Saudi Arabia since the 18th century. For a treatment of earlier periods and of the country in its regional context, see Arabia.

Saudi Arabia: Finance: The Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency (SAMA) was established in 1952 as the kingdom’s central money and banking authority. It regulates commercial and development banks and other financial institutions. Its functions include issuing, regulating, and stabilizing the value of the national currency, the riyal; acting as banker…

Saudi Arabian Oil Company, or Saudi Aramco, is a state-owned energy giant based in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. It is the world’s largest oil producer and, as of 2024, the most profitable company in any industry and among the most valuable. The company was founded in 1933 after Saudi Arabia granted oil

Saudi Arabian Oil Company, or Saudi Aramco, is a state-owned energy giant based in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. It is the world’s largest oil producer and, as of 2024, the most profitable company in any industry and among the most valuable. The company was founded in 1933 after Saudi Arabia granted oil

Jubail: …Mineral Organization (PETROMIN) and the Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC), is composed of some 16 primary industries. These industries include factories producing steel, gasoline, diesel fuel, petrochemicals, lubricating oil, and chemical fertilizers. In addition to these plants, secondary and support industries were provided for. The entire industrial zone covers about…

Abrāj al-Bayt: Designed and constructed by the Saudi Binladin Group, along with a number of other Saudi and international firms, the entire project was reported to have cost $3 billion.

Sultan ibn Salman Al Saud: …the first secretary-general of the Supreme Tourism Commission in Saudi Arabia when the organization was formed in 2000. In this position, he worked to expand and enhance the tourism sector in his country by playing a leading role in developing the country’s tourism strategy and devising the industry’s regulations. He…

Sultan ibn Salman Al Saud: …the first secretary-general of the Supreme Tourism Commission in Saudi Arabia when the organization was formed in 2000. In this position, he worked to expand and enhance the tourism sector in his country by playing a leading role in developing the country’s tourism strategy and devising the industry’s regulations. He…

gazelle: Asian gazelles: arabica; now extinct), the Saudi gazelle (G. saudiya; now extinct in the wild), the Queen of Sheba’s gazelle (G. bilkis; now extinct), and the dorcas gazelle (G. dorcas). The dorcas gazelle also ranges into North Africa. The range of the goitred gazelle extends across the Asian deserts to China,…