Woody Allen: 2000 and beyond: …release of his next movie, A Rainy Day in New York (2019). The romantic comedy, which featured Timothée Chalamet and Elle Fanning as film students in New York City, was not released in the United States. Similarly, an intense backlash resulted in his autobiography, Apropos of Nothing, being dropped by…

the Jayhawks: …Jayhawks on the Ethan Johns-produced Rainy Day Music (2003), which marked a return to the group’s rootsy approach and boasted a clutch of songs that would become fan favourites, not least “Save It for a Rainy Day” (with a music video starring Mary-Louise Parker), “Tampa to Tulsa” (written and sung…

Rainy Lake, narrow lake astride the Canadian-U.S. border, between the U.S. state of Minnesota and the Rainy River district of northwestern Ontario, Can. It has an area of 360 square miles (932 square km), is about 50 miles (80 km) long, 35 miles (56 km) of which form the international boundary, and

grassland: Environment: …flow, occurs only during the wet season. The tropical grassland climate overlaps very broadly with that of savanna. As previously stated, these vegetation types differ little from each other, a savanna being merely a grassland with scattered trees. Small changes in management and usage can convert one to the other.

Raipur, city, capital of Chhattisgarh state, east-central India. It is situated in the central Chhattisgarh Plain and is bordered to the east by the Mahanadi River. The community was founded in the 14th century by Rai Brahma Deo of the Ratanpur dynasty. It served as headquarters of the former

Crusades: Legal practices: …a court overseen by the rais (raʾīs), a chieftain of importance under the Frankish regime. An important element in the kingdom’s army, the corps of Turcopoles, made up of lightly armed cavalry units, was composed largely of native Christians, including, apparently, converts from Islam. The principle of personality of law…

Gilles de Rais was a Breton baron, marshal of France, and man of wealth whose distinguished career ended in a celebrated trial for Satanism, abduction, and child murder. His name was later connected with the story of Bluebeard. At an early age Rais distinguished himself militarily, fighting first

mining: Vertical openings: shafts and raises: Raises with diameters of 2 to 5 metres (7 to 16 feet) and lengths up to several hundred metres are often drilled by powerful raise-boring machines. The openings so created may be used as ore passes, waste passes, or ventilation openings. An underground vertical opening…

tunnels and underground excavations: Shaft raising: …developed a device called a raise borer, in which the cutting head is rotated and pulled upward by a drill shaft in a down-drilled pilot hole, with the power unit being located at top of the pilot hole. The capacity of this type of borer (or upward reamer) generally ranges…

tunnels and underground excavations: Shaft raising: …by Swedish development of the raise climber, whose working cage climbs a rail fastened to the shaft wall and extends backward into the horizontal access tunnel into which the cage is retracted during a blast. Simultaneously in the 1950s Germans began experimenting with several mechanized reamers, including a motor-cutter unit…

Zhang Yimou: …hong denglong gaogao gua (1991; Raise the Red Lantern). The drama, which focused on the tense and ultimately fatal competition between four wives for the favour of their elderly husband, received an Oscar nomination.

Alison Krauss: Collaborations with Robert Plant and other albums: …then reunited with Plant for Raise the Roof (2021). The well-received album, a collection of mostly cover songs, was also produced by Burnett and garnered two Grammy nominations. In 2025 she released Arcadia, her first album with Union Station in 14 years.

Lenny Kravitz: Career: …America (2011), Strut (2014), and Raise Vibration (2018). Collectively, his studio albums have sold more than 40 million copies worldwide. His 12th album, Blue Electric Light, wasreleased in 2024.

bog: Formation and structure: …the bog plants creates a raised bog. The raised bog is similar to the ordinary bog, except that it does not lie in a depression but is raised above the surroundings. A moat containing some open water typically surrounds a raised bog where water drains from the raised bog and…

bread: Types of bread: …gluten (elastic protein) to make raised breads—and wheat and rye. Millet cakes, naan, and roti (crisp whole-meal cakes) are popular types in India. Teff, wheat, or sorghum is used to make injera, a spongy flatbread common in Ethiopia and Eritrea. Chapati is a popular wheat flatbread

Ridley Scott: …The Good Wife (2009–16), and Raised by Wolves (2020–22); he also directed several episodes of the latter show.

Sigmar Polke: …signature style, some works—such as Raised Chair with Geese (1987–88), with its interwoven pictorial references (a rendering of a looming guard tower, line drawings of geese, and printed fabric with a pattern of eyeglasses, folding beach chairs, and folded beach umbrellas)—offered strange and compelling juxtapositions that are both allusive and…

raised work, form of embroidery practiced in England in the 17th century, characterized by biblical and mythological scenes of padded plants, animals, birds, and the like in high relief. Panels, which were used as pictures or decorative coverings for mirror frames, caskets, and so on, were

permafrost: Polygonal ground: …the centre and are called low-centre polygons or raised-edge polygons and may contain a pond in the centre. Low-centre, or raised-edge, polygons indicate that ice wedges are actually growing and that the sediments are being actively upturned. If erosion, deposition, or thawing is more prevalent than the up-pushing of the…

Raisen, town, central Madhya Pradesh state, central India. It lies on an upland plateau at the foot of a spur of the Vindhya Range, on which stands an ancient sandstone fort with several palaces and a mosque. Raisen was a strategic community in the history of eastern Malwa. It served as the

Ebrahim Raisi was president of Iran (2021–24) before his sudden death in a helicopter crash. The unpopular prosecutor—called the “Butcher of Tehrān” for his role in the execution of thousands of political prisoners in 1988—was thrust to power by the clerical establishment as a potential successor

raisin, dried fruit of certain varieties of grapes. Raisin grapes were grown as early as 2000 bce in Persia and Egypt, and dried grapes are mentioned in the Bible (Numbers 6:3) during the time of Moses. David (Israel’s future king) was presented with “a hundred clusters of raisins” (1 Samuel

A Raisin in the Sun, drama in three acts by Lorraine Hansberry, first published and produced in 1959. The play’s title is taken from “Harlem,” a poem by Langston Hughes, which examines the question “What happens to a dream deferred? / Does it dry up / like a raisin in the sun?” This penetrating

A Raisin in the Sun, American film drama, released in 1961, that was based on Lorraine Hansberry’s acclaimed play of the same name about the urban African American experience. A Raisin in the Sun follows a poor Black family who receive $10,000 from a life insurance policy after the father’s death.

raisin tree, (species Hovenia dulcis), shrub or tree, of the buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae), native to East Asia and sometimes cultivated in other regions. It is so-named because the fruit resembles a raisin in size and colour. The plant grows to about 7.5 m (about 25 feet) in height and has

Delhi: City layout: …existing city of Delhi, around Raisina Hill, was chosen for the new administrative center. A well-drained, healthy area between the Delhi Ridge and the Yamuna River, it provided ample room for expansion. Raisina Hill, commanding a view of the entire area, stood about 50 feet (15 meters) above the plain,…

hollowware: Raising, a technique dating from at least the 3rd millennium bc, is commonly used for hollowware in silver, copper, and other malleable metals: a disk of sheet metal is gradually shaped into a hollow form over a stake or anvil by a series of hammer…

Coen brothers: Raising Arizona (1987) was an irreverent comedy about babies, Harley Davidsons, and high explosives, and the period drama Miller’s Crossing (1990) focused on gangsters. Barton Fink, about an edgy, neurotic would-be writer, claimed the best picture, best director, and best actor awards at the 1991…

Cloris Leachman: …Maw Maw on the series Raising Hope (2010–14) and was cast as a Slavic goddess in American Gods, which premiered in 2017. During this time she voiced characters on the animated series Creative Galaxy and Justice League Action.

Western painting: Germany: …and drawings, as in Overbeck’s “The Raising of Jairus’ Daughter” (1814). Only Joseph Anton Koch and Cornelius, who were both older and more experienced, achieved great vigour in their history paintings, combining medievalizing tendencies with the powerful classicism of Carstens (see above Neoclassicism: Germany and Austria), as seen in Cornelius’…

Henry Ossawa Tanner: The Raising of Lazarus (c. 1897), also biblical in theme, won a medal at the Paris Salon of 1897, a rare achievement for an American artist. Later that year the French government purchased the painting.

Battle of Iwo Jima: Battle: The second flag raising was photographed by Pulitzer Prize-winner Joe Rosenthal of the Associated Press, and his photograph became one of the most famous combat images of World War II.

T Bone Burnett: Krauss and Roger Plant album Raising Sand and one award for B.B. King’s One Kind Favor.

Television in the United States: Prime time in the new century: (2005–12), Saving Grace (2007–10), and Raising the Bar (2008–09); USA Network’s Monk (2002–09) won seven Emmy Awards; and AMC’s Mad Men (begun 2007) won six in its first season, including that for Outstanding Drama Series.

tunnels and underground excavations: Shaft raising: Handling cuttings is simplified when the shaft can be raised from an existing tunnel, since the cuttings then merely fall to the tunnel, where they are easily loaded into mine cars or trucks. This advantage has long been recognized in mining; where once…

Gabby Douglas: …London Douglas and her teammates—Wieber, Aly Raisman, McKayla Maroney, and Kyla Ross—captured the first U.S. women’s team gold medal since 1996. Douglas then competed in the all-around event, posting strong scores during each rotation to finish with the top overall score. Douglas also competed individually on the balance beam and…

Gabby Douglas: …London Douglas and her teammates—Wieber, Aly Raisman, McKayla Maroney, and Kyla Ross—captured the first U.S. women’s team gold medal since 1996. Douglas then competed in the all-around event, posting strong scores during each rotation to finish with the top overall score. Douglas also competed individually on the balance beam and…

diplomacy: The development of the foreign ministry and embassies: …envoys as he pursued the raison d’état (national interest). Richelieu rejected the view that policy should be based on dynastic or sentimental concerns or a ruler’s wishes, holding instead that the state transcended crown and land, prince and people, and had interests and needs independent of all these elements. He…

Salzburg: …notable of the prince-archbishops were Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau (reigned 1587–1612), who brought Italian Renaissance architecture and styles to the city, notably by offering commissions to the Italian architect Vincenzo Scamozzi for public squares, a cathedral, and other buildings; Markus Sittikus von Hohenems (reigned 1612–19), who continued to rebuild the…

Bonnie Raitt is an American singer, songwriter, and guitarist whose wide musical range encompassed blues, folk, rhythm and blues, pop, and country rock. Touring and recording with some of the leading session musicians and songwriters of her day, she became a successful recording artist in the 1970s

Bonnie Raitt is an American singer, songwriter, and guitarist whose wide musical range encompassed blues, folk, rhythm and blues, pop, and country rock. Touring and recording with some of the leading session musicians and songwriters of her day, she became a successful recording artist in the 1970s

Gir Range: …because of the ancient Jaina temple of Girnar (historically called Raivata or Ujjayanta) situated on one of the hills; the temple is a major place of pilgrimage.

Oceanic art and architecture: The Austral (Tubuai) Islands: …lavish decoration covers carvings from Raivavae, including a few female figures with extremely summary facial features and indications of gorgets and headdresses. The same motifs cover small bowls, long-handled ladles, and broad-bladed ceremonial paddles—which exist in such numbers as to make it likely that many were made for sale soon…

Juana de Ibarbourou: …narcissism, are also present in Raíz salvaje (1922; “Savage Root”). The urgency and abundance in these early works gave way later, in La rosa de los vientos (1930; “Compass Rose”), to a sense of declining beauty and vitality and, finally, in Perdida (1950; “Lost”), to an expression of despair. She…

Gond: The most developed are the Raj Gond, who once had an elaborate feudal order. Local rajas, linked by ties of blood or marriage to a royal house, exercised authority over groups of villages. Aside from the fortified seats of the rajas, settlements were formerly of little permanence; cultivation, even though…

The Raj Quartet, series of four novels by Paul Scott. The tetralogy, composed of The Jewel in the Crown (1966), The Day of the Scorpion (1968), The Towers of Silence (1971), and A Division of the Spoils (1975), is set in India during the years leading up to that country’s independence from the

32 Notable Women Cricketers: Mithali Raj: Mithali Raj is the most prolific run scorer that women’s cricket has seen. Her 10,337 runs across formats is a world record; she also holds the record for most runs as well as most 50-plus scores in women’s ODIs. She started off her…

32 Notable Women Cricketers: Mithali Raj: Mithali Raj is the most prolific run scorer that women’s cricket has seen. Her 10,337 runs across formats is a world record; she also holds the record for most runs as well as most 50-plus scores in women’s ODIs. She started off her…

Indian philosophy: Texts and commentaries until Vachaspati and the Samkhya-sutras: …on the Samkhya-karika: that by Raja, much referred to but not extant; that by Gaudapada (7th century), on which there is a subcommentary Chandrika by Narayanatirtha; and the Tattva-kaumudi by Vachaspati (9th century). The Samkhya-sutras are a much later work (c. 14th century) on which Aniruddha (15th century) wrote a…

India: Early Vedic period: …a clan is called the raja; this term commonly has been translated as “king,” but more recent scholarship has suggested “chief” as more appropriate in this early context. If such a distinction is recognized, the entire corpus of Vedic literature can be interpreted as recording the gradual evolution of the…

Perak War: …through his influence to have Raja Abdullah accepted as sultan in Upper Perak and to modernize the traditional administrative system, under which government had been based on personal relationships between the sultan and the chiefs. Because of rapid and revolutionary administrative change, especially concerning revenue collection and slavery, the resident…

Dhar: …and a mosque known as Raja Bhoja’s school, built in the 14th or 15th century; the school’s name was a reference to its paved slabs covered with inscriptions giving Sanskrit grammatical rules. Just north stands a 14th-century fort, said to have been built by Muḥammad ibn Tughluq, which contains the…

chondrichthyan: Growth: The males of European thornback rays (Raja clavata) are about 50 cm (20 inches) wide when they reach first maturity, about seven years after birth; females are 60 to 70 cm (24 to 28 inches) at first maturity, nine years after birth.

Delhi: …the city was named for Raja Dhilu, a king who reigned in the region in the 1st century bce. The names by which the city has been known—including Delhi, Dehli, Dilli, and Dhilli, among others—likely are corruptions of his name. Area Old Delhi, 360 square miles (932 square km); national…

skate: …little, or hedgehog, skate (Leucoraja erinacea) of the western Atlantic, for example, is adult at a length of 50–54 cm (20–21.3 inches) or less. In contrast, both the big skate (Beiringraja binoculata) of the eastern North Pacific Ocean and the common skate (Dipturus batis) of the western North Atlantic…

Dadasaheb Phalke: Raja Harishchandra and other early films: …months of production, he released Raja Harishchandra (“King Harishchandra”), generally regarded as India’s first feature-length film, for public viewing in May 1913 under the banner of Phalke Films Company. The silent film, scripted, produced, directed, edited, and distributed by Phalke, was a commercial and critical success. He followed it up…

Daing Parani: Daing Parani helped one Raja Kechil win the throne of the kingdom of Johore and then in 1722 shifted allegiance and aided Sulaiman, son of the deposed sultan, in winning back his father’s throne. In return, the Buginese were put in control of a specially created office of under-king,…

conservation: Fishing: One species, the barn-door skate (Raja laevis), was an incidental catch of western North Atlantic fisheries in the second half of the 20th century. As the name suggests, this is a large fish, too big to go unrecorded. Its numbers fell every year, until by the 1990s none…

Selangor Civil War: Raja Mahdi, the dispossessed son of the previous ruler in Klang (now Kelang), seized and held the prosperous town of Klang for two years with tacit approval of dissident upper-river chiefs. When the sultan granted favours to his son-in-law Zia-ud-din, brother of the sultan of…

Indian philosophy: Raja Yoga and Hatha Yoga: Patanjali’s Yoga is known as Raja Yoga (that in which one attains to self-rule), and Hatha Yoga emphasizes bodily postures, regulation of breathing, and cleansing processes as means to spiritual perfection (hatha = “violence,” “violent effort”: ha = “sun,” tha…

Dhanush is an Indian actor, singer, film producer, director, lyricist, and playback singer. He is known for his versatile performances in Tamil cinema (often called Kollywood, a portmanteau of Kodambakkam, a neighborhood in Chennai where the Tamil film industry is based, and Hollywood) and Hindi

Indian philosophy: Early theories of kingship and state: …origin of kingship and of rajadharma, or the dharma (law) of the king as king. Bhishma, who is discoursing, refers with approval to two different theories of the origin of kingship, both of which speak of a prior period in which there were no kings. According to one account, this…

C. Rajagopalachari was a statesman, a lawyer, an independence activist, and the only Indian governor-general of the country, an office that was abolished after India achieved independence from British rule. He was a founder and leader of the Swatantra (Independent) Party in 1959. Upon leaving a

C. Rajagopalachari was a statesman, a lawyer, an independence activist, and the only Indian governor-general of the country, an office that was abolished after India achieved independence from British rule. He was a founder and leader of the Swatantra (Independent) Party in 1959. Upon leaving a

India: Magadhan ascendancy: …defenses of the Magadhan capital, Rajagrha, and built a small fort on the Ganges at Pataligrama, which was to become the famous capital Pataliputra (modern Patna). He then attacked and annexed Kashi and Koshala. He still had to subdue the confederacy of the Vrijji state, and this turned out to…

Rogers Hornsby was an American professional baseball player, generally considered the game’s greatest right-handed hitter. His major league career batting average of .358 is second only to Ty Cobb’s .366. Hornsby made his major league debut with the St. Louis Cardinals in 1915 at age 19. After

Rajahmundry, city, eastern Andhra Pradesh state, southern India. It lies at the head of the Godavari River delta, about 30 miles (50 km) west of Kakinada. In 1449 Rajahmundry was captured by Kapileshvara, the Orissa ruler. In 1757 it was ceded to the British. A short distance downstream, at

rājākariya, traditional system of land tenure in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) until the early 19th century in which land was granted in exchange for services rendered. The services expected were of two kinds: (1) public works, such as road and bridge building or, in earlier days, the construction of

Tripura: History: …legendary period described in the Rajamala, a chronicle of the supposed early maharajas (kings) of Tripura, and the period since the reign of the great king Dharma Manikya (reigned c. 1431–62). The Rajamala, written in Bengali verse, was compiled by the Brahmans in the court of Dharma Manikya. During his…

South Asian arts: Modern theatre: …theatre was the actor-producer-proprietor Nawab Rajamanickam Pillai, who specialized in mythological plays with an all-male cast, using horses, chariots, processions, replicas of temples, and even elephants.

Mammootty: 2000s: …buffalo dealer in the blockbuster Rajamanikyam (2005); Pazhassi Raja, a king who resisted the East India Company, in Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja (2009); and three distinct characters in Paleri Manikyam: Oru Pathirakolapathakathinte Katha (2009; “Manikyam of Paleri: A Midnight Murder Story”).

S.S. Rajamouli is an Indian film director and screenwriter best known for his spectacular action films Baahubali: The Beginning (2015), Baahubali 2: The Conclusion (2017), and RRR (2022). He is the highest-grossing Indian film director of all time, with his films earning more than 40 billion

S.S. Rajamouli is an Indian film director and screenwriter best known for his spectacular action films Baahubali: The Beginning (2015), Baahubali 2: The Conclusion (2017), and RRR (2022). He is the highest-grossing Indian film director of all time, with his films earning more than 40 billion

Rajang River, river in East Malaysia (northwest Borneo), rising in the Iran Mountains and flowing southwest to Kapit, where it turns westward to complete its 350-mile (563-kilometer) course to the South China Sea. Its large, swampy delta includes Beruit Island, with a lighthouse at Sirik Point. In

Kshatriya, second highest in ritual status of the four varnas, or social classes, of Hindu India, traditionally the military or ruling class. The earliest Vedic texts listed the Kshatriya (holders of kshatra, or authority) as first in rank, then the Brahmans (priests and teachers of law), next the

Madagascar: Return to constitutional order: …Robinson, supported by Ravalomanana, and Hery Martial Rakotoarimanana Rajaonarimampianina, seen as an ally of Rajoelina, received the most votes—about 21 percent and 16 percent, respectively—and they advanced to a runoff election held on December 20, 2013. Voting was relatively peaceful, and international observers did not note any significant problems. Provisional…

Gotabaya Rajapaksa is a Sri Lankan military officer and politician who served as secretary to the Ministry of Defense (2005–15) during the final years of the country’s civil war and later as president (2019–22). Rajapaksa played an instrumental role in bringing the civil war (1983–2009) to an end

Gotabaya Rajapaksa is a Sri Lankan military officer and politician who served as secretary to the Ministry of Defense (2005–15) during the final years of the country’s civil war and later as president (2019–22). Rajapaksa played an instrumental role in bringing the civil war (1983–2009) to an end

Mahinda Rajapaksa is a Sri Lankan politician who served as president of Sri Lanka from 2005 to 2015, during which time he oversaw the end of the country’s civil war (1983–2009), and later served as prime minister (2019–22). Rajapaksa was born into a large upper-caste family and was brought up as a

Mahinda Rajapaksa is a Sri Lankan politician who served as president of Sri Lanka from 2005 to 2015, during which time he oversaw the end of the country’s civil war (1983–2009), and later served as prime minister (2019–22). Rajapaksa was born into a large upper-caste family and was brought up as a

Rajapalayam, city, southwestern Tamil Nadu state, southern India. It lies on a lowland plain at the eastern foot of the Western Ghats, about 50 miles (80 km) southwest of Madurai. The city is named for its Raju inhabitants, Telugu speakers who migrated there during the Vijayanagar (1336–1565)

Rajapalayam, city, southwestern Tamil Nadu state, southern India. It lies on a lowland plain at the eastern foot of the Western Ghats, about 50 miles (80 km) southwest of Madurai. The city is named for its Raju inhabitants, Telugu speakers who migrated there during the Vijayanagar (1336–1565)

Rajaraja I, emperor of the Chola dynasty from 985 to 1014, known today for reinstating the Chola empire to a position of power in southern India and expanding its territory within southern India and overseas, conquering northern Sri Lanka, Lakshadweep, and the Maldives. He built the Brihadishvara

Ganga dynasty: Rajaraja III ascended the throne in 1198 and did nothing to resist the Muslims of Bengal, who invaded Orissa in 1206. Rajaraja’s son Anangabhima III, however, repulsed the Muslims and built the temple of Megheshvara at Bhuvaneshvara. Narasimha I, the son of Anangabhima, invaded southern…

Rajaraja I, emperor of the Chola dynasty from 985 to 1014, known today for reinstating the Chola empire to a position of power in southern India and expanding its territory within southern India and overseas, conquering northern Sri Lanka, Lakshadweep, and the Maldives. He built the Brihadishvara

South Indian temple architecture: …fully realized in the splendid Bṛhadīśvara temple at Thanjāvūr, built about 1003–10 by Rājarāja the Great, and the great temple at Gaṅgaikoṇḍacōḻapuram, built about 1025 by his son Rājendra Cōla. Subsequently, the style became increasingly elaborate—the complex of temple buildings enclosed by the court became larger, and a number of…

Brihadishvara Temple, massive and majestic temple dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva, located in the city of Thanjavur in Tamil Nadu, southeastern India. This architecturally significant temple was constructed under the patronage of the Chola emperor Rajaraja I between 1003 and 1010 ce and is among

India: Rise of the peshwas: His younger brother, Rajaram, who succeeded him, faced with a Mughal army that was now on the ascendant, moved his base into the Tamil country, where Shivaji too had earlier kept an interest. He remained in the great fortress of Jinji (earlier the seat of a Nayaka dynasty…

Sri Lanka: Social and economic changes: The once-flourishing Rajarata became a devastated ruin of depopulated villages, overgrown jungle, and dried-up tank beds as the centers of Sinhalese population arose in the monsoon-watered lands of the south, the southwest, and the Central Highlands. Consequent changes in agricultural techniques, land use, ownership patterns, and ways…

Raj Rajaratnam is an American investor who was convicted in 2011 of securities fraud and conspiracy in one of the largest prosecutions of insider trading (trading on information not available to the public) in U.S. history and the first such case to rely on evidence obtained from wiretaps (see

Purushottam Das Tandon was an Indian politician who was a prominent figure in the Indian National Congress in its early years. He was an enthusiastic campaigner for the use of Hindi as India’s national language. Tandon graduated from Muir Central College, Allahabad, in 1904 with a law degree and an

Samkhya: …and inertia; the second is rajas (“passion”), which is energy, emotion, and expansiveness; and the highest is sattva (“goodness”), which is illumination, enlightening knowledge, and lightness. To these correspond personality types: to tamas, that of the ignorant and lazy person; to rajas, that of the impulsive and passionate person; and…

Hayam Wuruk was the ruler of the Javan Hindu state of Majapahit at the time of its greatest power. Hayam Wuruk inherited the throne in 1350 at the age of 16, when the great patih (“prime minister”) Gajah Mada was at the height of his career. Under the two leaders, Majapahit extended its power

Kannada literature: …famous Kannada works is the Rājaśekharavilāsa, a fictional tale written in 1657 by Ṣaḍakṣaradeva in verse interspersed with prose. This work is a morality tale in which the divine intervention of Śiva saves a royal family from self-inflicted tragedy in their efforts to uphold the law.

Buddhism: Sri Lanka: …the 18th century, however, King Kittisiri Rajasiah (1747–81), who ruled in the upland regions, invited monks from Siam (Thailand) to reform Buddhism and restore the higher ordination lineages.

Sri Lanka: The expansion of Portuguese control: After Mayadunne’s death, his son Rajasinha continued these wars successfully on land, though, like his father, he had no way of combating Portuguese sea power.

Sri Lanka: Kandy and its struggle with European powers: …was succeeded by his son Rajasinha II. The Dutch were now firmly established in Batavia (now Jakarta) in Java and were developing their trade in southern Asia. The king sent emissaries to meet the admiral of the Dutch fleet, Adam Westerwolt, who was then blockading Goa, India. The fleet came…

Rajasthan, state of northwestern India, located in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent. It is bounded to the north and northeast by the states of Punjab and Haryana, to the east and southeast by the states of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh, to the southwest by the state of Gujarat,

Thar Desert: Economy: The Indira Gandhi Canal irrigates a vast amount of land in the Indian portion of the Thar. The canal begins at the Harike Barrage—at the confluence of the Sutlej and Beas rivers in the Indian Punjab—and continues in a southwesterly direction for some 290 miles (470…

Indian Premier League: Teams: …Kolkata Knight Riders, and the Rajasthan Royals.