Philip IV was the king of France from 1285 to 1314 (and of Navarre, as Philip I, from 1284 to 1305, ruling jointly with his wife, Joan I of Navarre). His long struggle with the Roman papacy ended with the transfer of the Curia to Avignon, France (beginning the so-called Babylonian Captivity,

Altria Group, American holding company founded in 1985, the owner of several major American companies with interests in tobacco products and wine, most notably Philip Morris Inc., the largest cigarette manufacturer in the United States. Its headquarters are in Richmond, Virginia. The ancestor of

Altria Group: … products and wine, most notably Philip Morris Inc., the largest cigarette manufacturer in the United States. Its headquarters are in Richmond, Virginia.

Thierry: …the countship to his son Philip of Alsace and betook himself once more to Jerusalem. On his return from the East, Thierry retired to a monastery.

Philip V was the king of Spain from 1700 (except for a brief period from January to August 1724) and founder of the Bourbon dynasty in Spain. During his reign, Spain regained much of its former influence in international affairs. Philip was a son of the dauphin Louis (son of Louis XIV of France)

Germany: Hohenstaufen policy in Italy: …instance, Rainald of Dassel and Philip of Heinsberg, archbishops of Cologne from 1159 to 1167 and from 1167 to 1191, respectively, as archchancellors for Italy, had a vested interest in it. The support of the lay princes, conversely, was fitful and sporadic. Even at critical moments they could not be…

Philip was the landgrave (Landgraf) of Hesse (1509–67), one of the great figures of German Protestantism, who championed the independence of German princes against the Holy Roman emperor Charles V. Philip was the son of Landgrave William II, an austere cultivated man and an experienced soldier. He

Philip II was the 18th king of Macedonia (359–336 bce), who restored internal peace to his country and by 339 had gained domination over all of Greece by military and diplomatic means, thus laying the foundations for its expansion under his son Alexander III the Great. Philip was a son of Amyntas

Metacom was a sachem (intertribal leader) of a confederation of indigenous peoples that included the Wampanoag and Narraganset. Metacom led one of the most costly wars of resistance in New England history, known as King Philip’s War (1675–76). Metacom was the second son of Massasoit, a Wampanoag

Philip I was the last Capetian duke of Burgundy (1349–61) and count of Boulogne and Artois. Son of Philip of Burgundy, he inherited the duchy upon the death of his grandfather, Eudes IV, and inherited the countships upon the death of his grandmother, Joan of France. His mother, Joan of Boulogne,

Philip was a German Hohenstaufen king whose rivalry for the crown involved him in a decade of warfare with the Welf Otto IV. The youngest son of the Holy Roman emperor Frederick I Barbarossa, Philip was destined for the church. After being provost of the cathedral at Aachen, he was, in 1190 or

Philip VI was the first French king of the Valois dynasty. Reigning at the outbreak of the Hundred Years’ War (1337–1453), he had no means of imposing on his country the measures necessary for the maintenance of his monarchical power, though he continued the efforts of the 13th-century Capetians

Saint Philip the Apostle ; Western feast day May 3, Eastern feast day November 14) was one of the Twelve Apostles. Mentioned only by name in the Apostle lists of the Synoptic Gospels, he is a frequent character in the Gospel According to John, according to which (1:43–51) he came from Bethsaida,

Philip was a Roman emperor from 244 to 249. A member of a distinguished equestrian family of Arab descent, Philip was praetorian prefect when the emperor Gordian III was killed in a mutiny (perhaps with Philip’s connivance). Philip became emperor and quickly concluded a peace ending a war with

King John: … (formerly Eleanor of Aquitaine), and Philip the Bastard, who supports the king and yet mocks all political and moral pretensions.

Philip II was the duke of Burgundy (1363–1404) and the youngest son of the French king John II the Good. One of the most powerful men of his day in France, he was for a time regent for his nephew Charles VI; and when Charles went insane, he became the virtual ruler of France. John II’s grant of the

Philip III was the king of France (1270–85), in whose reign the power of the monarchy was enlarged and the royal domain extended, though his foreign policy and military ventures were largely unsuccessful. Philip, the second son of Louis IX of France (Saint Louis), became heir to the throne on the

Saint Philip the Evangelist ; feast day June 6) was, in the early Christian church, one of the seven deacons appointed to tend the Christians of Jerusalem, thereby enabling the Apostles to freely conduct their missions. His energetic preaching, however, earned him the title of Philip the Evangelist

Saint Philip the Evangelist ; feast day June 6) was, in the early Christian church, one of the seven deacons appointed to tend the Christians of Jerusalem, thereby enabling the Apostles to freely conduct their missions. His energetic preaching, however, earned him the title of Philip the Evangelist

Philip IV was the king of France from 1285 to 1314 (and of Navarre, as Philip I, from 1284 to 1305, ruling jointly with his wife, Joan I of Navarre). His long struggle with the Roman papacy ended with the transfer of the Curia to Avignon, France (beginning the so-called Babylonian Captivity,

Philip III was the most important of the Valois dukes of Burgundy (reigned 1419–67) and the true founder of the Burgundian state that rivaled France in the 15th century. Philip was the son of John the Fearless and Margaret of Bavaria. When he became duke of Burgundy at the age of 23, his first aim

Philip I was the king of Castile for less than a month before his death and the founder of the Habsburg dynasty in Spain. Philip was the son of the future Holy Roman emperor Maximilian I of Habsburg and Mary of Burgundy. At his mother’s death (1482) he succeeded to her Netherlands dominions, with

Philip was the landgrave (Landgraf) of Hesse (1509–67), one of the great figures of German Protestantism, who championed the independence of German princes against the Holy Roman emperor Charles V. Philip was the son of Landgrave William II, an austere cultivated man and an experienced soldier. He

Philip V was the king of France (from 1316) and king of Navarre (as Philip II, from 1314), who largely succeeded in restoring the royal power to what it had been under his father, Philip IV. Philip was the second son of Philip IV, who made him count of Poitiers in 1311. When his elder brother, King

Philip was the son of Herod I the Great and Cleopatra of Jerusalem (not to be confused with another Herod Philip, son of Herod I the Great by Mariamne II). He ruled ably as tetrarch over the former northeastern quarter of his father’s kingdom of Judaea. When the Roman emperor Augustus adjusted

Philip V was the king of Macedonia from 221 to 179, whose attempt to extend Macedonian influence throughout Greece resulted in his defeat by Rome. His career is significant mainly as an episode in Rome’s expansion. The son of Demetrius II and his wife Phthia (Chryseis), the young prince was

Philip V was the king of France (from 1316) and king of Navarre (as Philip II, from 1314), who largely succeeded in restoring the royal power to what it had been under his father, Philip IV. Philip was the second son of Philip IV, who made him count of Poitiers in 1311. When his elder brother, King

Philip V was the king of Spain from 1700 (except for a brief period from January to August 1724) and founder of the Bourbon dynasty in Spain. During his reign, Spain regained much of its former influence in international affairs. Philip was a son of the dauphin Louis (son of Louis XIV of France)

Philip VI was the first French king of the Valois dynasty. Reigning at the outbreak of the Hundred Years’ War (1337–1453), he had no means of imposing on his country the measures necessary for the maintenance of his monarchical power, though he continued the efforts of the 13th-century Capetians

Netherlands: The formation of a new government: …I’s second son (the first, Philip William, became prince of Orange and remained loyal to Spain), who was named stadtholder of Holland and Zeeland and became the commander of the republic’s armies. The result was a series of military triumphs over the Spanish forces under Alessandro Farnese, duke di Parma…

Solomon Islands: Efforts toward recovery and reform and the 2006 and 2010 general elections: …in August 2010, after which Danny Philip, the leader of a parliamentary coalition, became prime minister. Philip stated that constitutional reform would be a priority of his administration, but he left before it could be completed, resigning a little more than a year later in the face of corruption allegations.…

Philip, duke of Edinburgh was the husband of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom. Philip’s father was Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark (1882–1944), a younger son of King George I of the Hellenes (originally Prince William of Denmark). His mother was Princess Alice (1885–1969), who was the

Philip, duke of Edinburgh was the husband of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom. Philip’s father was Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark (1882–1944), a younger son of King George I of the Hellenes (originally Prince William of Denmark). His mother was Princess Alice (1885–1969), who was the

biblical literature: Gospels: …account of the Resurrection; the Gospel of Philip, a Valentinian gnostic treatise; the Gospel of Thomas, published in 1959 and containing “the secret sayings of Jesus” (Greek fragments in Oxyrhynchus papyri 1, 654, and 655); and the Infancy Gospel of Thomas. Beyond these lie gospels ascribed to famous women, namely…

golf: Early clubs: …the early 19th century were Hugh Philip at St. Andrews and the McEwan brothers of Musselburgh, notably Douglas, whose clubs were described as models of symmetry and shape. They were artists at a time when clubs were passing from “rude and clumsy bludgeons” to a new and handsome look.

John Philip was a Scottish missionary in Southern Africa who championed the rights of the Africans against the European settlers. In 1818, at the invitation of the London Missionary Society (now Council for World Mission), Philip left his congregation in Aberdeen, where he had served since 1804, to

Metacom was a sachem (intertribal leader) of a confederation of indigenous peoples that included the Wampanoag and Narraganset. Metacom led one of the most costly wars of resistance in New England history, known as King Philip’s War (1675–76). Metacom was the second son of Massasoit, a Wampanoag

Canadian literature: Poetry and poetics: …Language Is Neutral (1990) and Marlene Nourbese Philip’s She Tries Her Tongue, Her Silence Softly Breaks (1988) challenge the colonization, sexism, and racism of the English language, while George Elliott Clarke’s collage Whylah Falls (1990) uncovers the life of Canadian blacks in a 1930s Nova Scotia village. In mapping arrivals…

Philip, duke of Edinburgh was the husband of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom. Philip’s father was Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark (1882–1944), a younger son of King George I of the Hellenes (originally Prince William of Denmark). His mother was Princess Alice (1885–1969), who was the

Saint Philip the Apostle ; Western feast day May 3, Eastern feast day November 14) was one of the Twelve Apostles. Mentioned only by name in the Apostle lists of the Synoptic Gospels, he is a frequent character in the Gospel According to John, according to which (1:43–51) he came from Bethsaida,

Gérard Philipe was one of France’s most popular and versatile actors, whose brilliant performances on both stage and screen established his international reputation. Philipe attended the Conservatory of Dramatic Art in Paris and made his debut in Nice at the age of 19. Consequently, he was invited

Charles Philipon was a French caricaturist, lithographer, and liberal journalist who made caricatures a regular journalistic feature. Philipon settled in Paris in 1823, took to lithography, and began to draw caricatures for a living. He was an excellent draftsman with a fertile and irrepressible

Philip was the landgrave (Landgraf) of Hesse (1509–67), one of the great figures of German Protestantism, who championed the independence of German princes against the Holy Roman emperor Charles V. Philip was the son of Landgrave William II, an austere cultivated man and an experienced soldier. He

Philip was a German Hohenstaufen king whose rivalry for the crown involved him in a decade of warfare with the Welf Otto IV. The youngest son of the Holy Roman emperor Frederick I Barbarossa, Philip was destined for the church. After being provost of the cathedral at Aachen, he was, in 1190 or

Isidor Philipp was a French pianist who had a long, highly successful tenure at the Paris Conservatoire. Philipp was brought to Paris as an infant. As a piano student of Georges Mathias at the Conservatoire, he won the first prize in 1883. After study with Saint-Saëns and Stephen Heller, he began a

Philippa Of Hainaut was the queen consort of King Edward III of England (ruled 1327–77); her popularity helped Edward maintain peace in England during his long reign. Philippa’s father was William the Good, graaf van Hainaut (in modern Belgium) and Holland, and her mother, Jeanne de Valois, was the

Philip II was the first of the great Capetian kings of medieval France (reigned 1180–1223), who gradually reconquered the French territories held by the kings of England and also furthered the royal domains northward into Flanders and southward into Languedoc. He was a major figure in the Third

Philip I was the last Capetian duke of Burgundy (1349–61) and count of Boulogne and Artois. Son of Philip of Burgundy, he inherited the duchy upon the death of his grandfather, Eudes IV, and inherited the countships upon the death of his grandmother, Joan of France. His mother, Joan of Boulogne,

Anglo-Norman literature: Political and historical writings.: …the earliest writers in Anglo-Norman, Philippe de Thaon, or Thaün, wrote Li Cumpoz (The Computus), the first French bestiary, and a work on precious stones. Simund de Freine based his Roman de philosophie on Boethius, to whom the 13th-century Petite Philosophie also owes much.

Anglo-Norman literature: Political and historical writings.: …the earliest writers in Anglo-Norman, Philippe de Thaon, or Thaün, wrote Li Cumpoz (The Computus), the first French bestiary, and a work on precious stones. Simund de Freine based his Roman de philosophie on Boethius, to whom the 13th-century Petite Philosophie also owes much.

Philip VI was the first French king of the Valois dynasty. Reigning at the outbreak of the Hundred Years’ War (1337–1453), he had no means of imposing on his country the measures necessary for the maintenance of his monarchical power, though he continued the efforts of the 13th-century Capetians

Louis-Philippe-Joseph, duc d’Orléans was a Bourbon prince who became a supporter of popular democracy during the Revolution of 1789. The cousin of King Louis XVI (ruled 1774–92) and the son of Louis-Philippe (later duc d’Orléans), he became duc de Chartres in 1752 and succeeded to his father’s

Lucien Paul Victor Febvre: His first books, Philippe II et la Franche-Comté: étude d’histoire politique, religieuse et sociale (1911), a brilliant local as well as global study of an isolated, strife-ridden province during the second half of the 16th century, and Histoire de Franche-Comté (1912), a broad investigation of the region based…

Philip IV was the king of France from 1285 to 1314 (and of Navarre, as Philip I, from 1284 to 1305, ruling jointly with his wife, Joan I of Navarre). His long struggle with the Roman papacy ended with the transfer of the Curia to Avignon, France (beginning the so-called Babylonian Captivity,

Philip III was the most important of the Valois dukes of Burgundy (reigned 1419–67) and the true founder of the Burgundian state that rivaled France in the 15th century. Philip was the son of John the Fearless and Margaret of Bavaria. When he became duke of Burgundy at the age of 23, his first aim

Philip III was the king of France (1270–85), in whose reign the power of the monarchy was enlarged and the royal domain extended, though his foreign policy and military ventures were largely unsuccessful. Philip, the second son of Louis IX of France (Saint Louis), became heir to the throne on the

Philip II was the duke of Burgundy (1363–1404) and the youngest son of the French king John II the Good. One of the most powerful men of his day in France, he was for a time regent for his nephew Charles VI; and when Charles went insane, he became the virtual ruler of France. John II’s grant of the

Philip V was the king of France (from 1316) and king of Navarre (as Philip II, from 1314), who largely succeeded in restoring the royal power to what it had been under his father, Philip IV. Philip was the second son of Philip IV, who made him count of Poitiers in 1311. When his elder brother, King

Philippe, King of the Belgians became the king of Belgium in 2013. Philippe was the first of three children of Albert II, who became Belgium’s sixth king in 1993. He received his early education in both Dutch and French, after which he attended the Royal Military Academy and studied abroad at

Charles-Louis Philippe was a writer of novels that describe from personal experience the sufferings of the poor. Philippe was the son of a shoemaker; he was ambitious to become an army officer but was refused entry to the École Polytechnique in 1894 because of his slight physique. He finally found

France: Attempts at a restoration: …and childless; the Orleanist pretender, Philippe d’Orléans, comte de Paris, was young and prolific. The natural solution was to restore Chambord, with the comte de Paris as his successor. Chambord, however, refused to accept the throne except on his own terms, which implied a return to the principle of absolute…

Philip James de Loutherbourg was an early Romantic painter, illustrator, printmaker, and scenographer, especially known for his paintings of landscapes and battles and for his innovative scenery designs and special effects for the theatre. First trained under his father, a miniature painter from

Philippe, King of the Belgians became the king of Belgium in 2013. Philippe was the first of three children of Albert II, who became Belgium’s sixth king in 1993. He received his early education in both Dutch and French, after which he attended the Royal Military Academy and studied abroad at

Olympia: The remains of Olympia: The Philippeum, a circular building of the Ionic order, with Corinthian half columns on the inside, was begun by Philip II (Philip of Macedon) and probably finished by his son, Alexander the Great. Containing gold and ivory statues of Philip, Alexander, and other members of the…

Skikda, town, Mediterranean Sea port, northeastern Algeria, situated on the Gulf of Stora. Founded by French Marshal Sylvain-Charles Valée in 1838 as the port of Constantine, it has an artificial harbour. Skikda occupies the site of ancient Rusicade, port of 4th-century Cirta, and has the largest

Philippi, hill town in the nomós (department) of Kavála, Greece, overlooking the coastal plain and the bay at Neapolis (Kavála). Philip II of Macedon fortified the Thasian settlement called Crenides in 356 bce to control neighbouring gold mines. He derived a fortune from the gold mines but treated

Philippi, city, seat (1844) of Barbour county, northeastern West Virginia, U.S. It lies in the Tygart Valley River valley, about 13 miles (21 km) south of Grafton. Settled in 1780, it was early called Anglin’s Ford and then Booths Ferry until it was chartered in 1844 and named for Philip Pendleton

Philippi: …the battle is called the Philippi Races because of the speed with which the Confederate forces under Colonel George A. Porterfield retreated. A marker at the site on Broaddus Hill, now on the campus of Alderson-Broaddus College, describes it as the “First Land Battle between North and South.”

The climactic battle in the war that followed the assassination of Julius Caesar in 44 bce, Philippi saw the final destruction of those who favored the old Republican constitution of Rome. It was a brutal killing match with much confusion and little generalship on either side. Caesar loyalists Mark

Philippi: …the battle is called the Philippi Races because of the speed with which the Confederate forces under Colonel George A. Porterfield retreated. A marker at the site on Broaddus Hill, now on the campus of Alderson-Broaddus College, describes it as the “First Land Battle between North and South.”

Letter of Paul to the Philippians, eleventh book of the New Testament, written by St. Paul the Apostle to the Christian congregation he had established in Philippi. It was penned while he was in prison, probably at Rome or Ephesus, about 62 ce. In its present canonical form, Philippians is,

St. Polycarp: By his major writing, The Letter to the Philippians, and by his widespread moral authority, Polycarp combated various heretical sects, including certain gnostic groups that claimed religious salvation exclusively through their arcane spiritual knowledge. Polycarp’s Letter to the Philippians contains a classic formulation in which he refutes the gnostics’ argument…

Justin: …Epitome, an abridgment of the Historiae Philippicae et totius mundi origines et terrae situs (Philippic Histories) by Pompeius Trogus, whose work is lost. Most of the abridgement is not so much a summary as passages quoted from Trogus, connected by colourless moralizing by Justin. Nothing is known of Justin’s personal…

Theopompus of Chios: …Greek historian and rhetorician whose Philippica, though lost in its original form, has survived through the work of later writers to form one element in the tradition concerning the reign of Philip II of Macedon. Theopompus was twice exiled from his native town, first as a young man and then…

Cicero: Last months of Cicero: …of August, and his 14 Philippic orations (so called in imitation of Demosthenes’ speeches against Philip II of Macedonia), the first delivered on September 2, 44, the last on April 21, 43, mark his vigorous reentry into politics. His policy was to make every possible use of Caesar’s adopted son…

Demosthenes: Leader of the democratic faction: The Philippics. Early in 351 Demosthenes delivered a speech against Philip, the so-called “First Philippic,” that established him as the leader of the opposition to Macedonian imperial ambitions. For the next 29 years Demosthenes never wavered; as Plutarch says, “The object which he chose for…

Philippicus Bardanes was a Byzantine emperor whose brief reign (711–713) was marked by his quarrels with the papacy and his ineffectiveness in defending the empire from Bulgar and Arab invaders. He was the son of the patrician Nicephorus of Pergamum (modern Bergama, western Turkey). Emperor

Philippicus Bardanes was a Byzantine emperor whose brief reign (711–713) was marked by his quarrels with the papacy and his ineffectiveness in defending the empire from Bulgar and Arab invaders. He was the son of the patrician Nicephorus of Pergamum (modern Bergama, western Turkey). Emperor

Lucio Tan: …purchase of the newly privatized Philippine Airlines, Inc. (PAL). In 1995 he became chairman of the airline. As the owner of PAL and head of Fortune Tobacco Corp. (which by 1996 commanded nearly 75 percent of the Philippine market), and with an estimated net worth between $1 billion and $8…

Jones Act, statute announcing the intention of the United States government to “withdraw their sovereignty over the Philippine Islands as soon as a stable government can be established therein.” The U.S. had acquired the Philippines in 1898 as a result of the Spanish–American War; and from 1901

spitting cobra: Species, range, and conservation status: …body with dark speckles vulnerable Philippine cobra Naja philippinensis Northern Philippines (Luzon islands) stocky brown snake of medium length; known for its potent neurotoxic venom near threatened Samar cobra Naja samarensis Southern Philippines (Visayas and Mindanao islands) varied coloring, often seen with yellow markings least concern

William Howard Taft: Early political career: …serve as chairman of the Second Philippine Commission. Charged with organizing civil government in the islands following the Spanish-American War (1898), Taft displayed considerable talent as an executive and administrator. In 1901 he became the first civilian governor of the Philippines, concentrating in that post on the economic development of…

Tydings-McDuffie Act, (1934), the U.S. statute that provided for Philippine independence, to take effect on July 4, 1946, after a 10-year transitional period of Commonwealth government. The bill was signed by U.S. Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt on March 24, 1934, and was sent to the Philippine Senate

Philippine crocodile, (Crocodylus mindorensis), relatively small species of crocodile that lives primarily in freshwater rivers, ponds, and marshes on the islands of Dalupiri, Luzon, and Mindanao in the Philippines. The Philippine crocodile is considered to be one of the world’s most endangered

Philippine Trench, submarine trench in the floor of the Philippine Sea of the western North Pacific Ocean bordering the east coast of the island of Mindanao. The abyss, which reaches the second greatest depth known in any ocean, was first plumbed in 1927 by the German ship Emden. The reading

Philippine eagle, (Pithecophaga jefferyi), large bird of prey inhabiting mountainous rainforests on the Philippine islands of Luzon, Samar, Leyte, and Mindanao (the last of which supports most of the bird’s population). The species is one of the largest eagles in the world in length and wingspan,

fairy bluebird: The Philippine fairy bluebird (I. cyanogaster) is found on Luzon, Polillo, Leyte, Samar, Mindanao, Dinagat, and Basilan. The two species are notable for the very long upper and lower tail coverts that almost conceal the tail. Males are brilliant blue and black; females are a duller…

flying lemur: The Philippine flying lemur (Cynocephalus volans) inhabits several of the southerly islands in the Philippines, including Bohol, Samar, and Mindanao. The Malayan, or Sunda, colugo, also called Malayan, or Sunda, flying lemur (Galeopterus variegatus), ranges from Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia and

rat: Natural history: …but some, such as the Philippine forest rat (R. everetti), also eat insects and worms. Other tropical species, such as the rice-field rat (R. argentiventer) and Malayan field rat (R. tiomanicus), primarily consume the insects, snails, slugs, and other invertebrates found in habitats of forest patches, secondary growth, scrubby and…

Philippine crocodile, (Crocodylus mindorensis), relatively small species of crocodile that lives primarily in freshwater rivers, ponds, and marshes on the islands of Dalupiri, Luzon, and Mindanao in the Philippines. The Philippine crocodile is considered to be one of the world’s most endangered

gymnure: Philippine gymnures (genus Podogymnura) dwell in tropical rainforests on only two islands. They are also terrestrial and eat insects and worms. The Mindanao gymnure (Podogymnura truei) resembles Asian gymnures. The body is 12 to 15 cm (4.7 to 5.9 inches) long, with long, dense, soft…

Philippine Independent Church, independent church organized in 1902 after the Philippine revolution of 1896–98 as a protest against the Spanish clergy’s control of the Roman Catholic Church. Cofounders of the church were Isabelo de los Reyes y Florentino, author, labour leader, and senator, who was

volcano: Mount Pinatubo, Philippines, 1991: Nevertheless, scientists at the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) took the awakening of Pinatubo very seriously, knowing that the longer the repose between eruptions, the more dangerous a volcano may be. The area surrounding the volcano included densely populated regions. Clark Air Base, a major U.S. Air…

Philippine languages, about 70 to 75 aboriginal languages of the Philippine Islands. They belong to the Indonesian branch of the Austronesian family and are subdivided into two main subgroups—the central (or Mesophilippine) division and the northern (or Cordilleran) division—with a number of other

pangolin: Conservation status: …pangolin—as endangered, and three species—the Philippine, or Palawan, pangolin (M. culionensis), the Sunda pangolin, and the Chinese pangolin—as critically endangered. So dire was the persecution of this group of animals that delegates at the 17th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered…

Philippine Revolution, (1896–98), Filipino independence struggle that, after more than 300 years of Spanish colonial rule, exposed the weakness of Spanish administration but failed to evict Spaniards from the islands. The Spanish-American War brought Spain’s rule in the Philippines to a close in

Philippine Sea, section of the western North Pacific Ocean, lying east and north of the Philippines. The floor of this portion of the ocean is formed into a structural basin by a series of geologic folds and faults that protrude above the surface in the form of bordering island arcs. The Philippine

Battle of the Philippine Sea, (June 19–20, 1944), naval battle of World War II between the Japanese Combined Fleet and the U.S. Fifth Fleet. Known as “the greatest carrier battle of the war,” it accompanied the U.S. landing on Saipan and ended in a complete U.S. victory. It began on the morning of

shrew rat: Natural history: The Philippine striped rats (genus Chrotomys) and the blazed Luzon shrew rat (Celaenomys silaceus) have a stripe running down the back. Fur is generally short, dense, and soft. Its texture is either velvety or woolly, although the prickly coat of the Sulawesi spiny rat (Echiothrix leucura)…

tarsier: The Philippine tarsier (T. syrichta) has a totally bald tail, and the feet are also nearly hairless. Human settlement in its habitat threatens its continued existence.