fantasia: …later works, including Arnold Schoenberg’s Phantasy for Violin and Piano (1949), frequently recall the sectionalized arrangement that prevailed during the Renaissance and early Baroque periods. The complex contrapuntal keyboard fantasias of J.S. Bach (e.g., Chromatic Fantasy and Fugue, c. 1720), on the other hand, inspired similar works by Franz Liszt,…

Mount Everest: The first ascent by a woman: …team included a Tibetan woman, Phantog, who reached the summit on May 27. The honors for the first woman to summit Everest, however, belong to the Japanese climber Tabei Junko, who reached the top from the South Col on May 16. She was climbing with the first all-women expedition to…

Phantom, the first costumed, fictional superhero, known as “The Ghost Who Walks.” Comics scholars generally agree that Superman was the first true superhero of the comic books, clearly marking the entrance of a new kind of hero into the marketplace, one with superpowers such as the ability to fly.

Ed Harris: In the Cold War thriller Phantom (2013) Harris starred as a Soviet submarine captain suffering from hallucinatory seizures, and in the action caper Pain & Gain (2013) he portrayed a private investigator. Harris’s other films from 2013 included the sci-fi drama Gravity, in which he provided the voice of mission…

Audrey Tautou: …journalist in the animated fantasy Phantom Boy (both 2015). In 2016 Tautou appeared in L’Odyssée (The Odyssey), a biopic about Jacques Cousteau. Her later films included the family comedy Santa & Cie (2017; Christmas & Co.) and En liberte! (2018; The Trouble with You), in which she played the wife…

Wild Strawberries: His film Körkarlen (The Phantom Carriage, 1921) was one of Bergman’s favourites and a major influence on Wild Strawberries, which was Sjöström’s final performance. Sjöström won much praise for bringing empathy to a character who has spent his life as a cold and insulated person. Bergman later said,…

Second Battle of Fallujah, joint American, Iraqi, and British military campaign from November 7 to December 23, 2004, during the Iraq War that crushed the Islamic insurgents in Fallujah, Iraq, in the Sunni Muslim province of Al-Anbar. After the First Battle of Fallujah (April 4–May 1, 2004) left

F-4, two-seat, twin-engine jet fighter-bomber built by the McDonnell Aircraft Corporation (later the McDonnell-Douglas Corporation) for the United States and many other countries. The first F-4 was delivered to the U.S. Navy in 1960 and to the Air Force in 1963. By the time it went out of

Robert Siodmak: …triumph was the film noir Phantom Lady (1944), an acclaimed adaptation of Cornell Woolrich’s novel, with Alan Curtis as a man accused of killing his wife, Ella Raines as his faithful secretary, and Franchot Tone as his ostensibly loyal pal. Next was Cobra Woman (1944), a Technicolor extravaganza featuring Maria…

phantom limb syndrome, the ability to feel sensations and even pain in a limb or limbs that no longer exist. Phantom limb syndrome is characterized by both nonpainful and painful sensations. Nonpainful sensations can be divided into the perception of movement and the perception of external

phantom midge, any insect of the family Chaoboridae (order Diptera), similar in appearance to the mosquito. The common name is derived from the fact that the larvae are almost transparent. Their antennae are modified into grasping organs. The larvae, found in pools, often feed on mosquito larvae.

Gaston Leroux: In 1910 The Phantom of the Opera appeared serially (before publication as a novel) and received only moderate sales and somewhat poor reviews. The melodrama of the hideous recluse abducting a beautiful young woman in a Paris opera house did not achieve international celebrity until the American…

The Phantom of the Opera, American silent horror film, released in 1925, that starred Lon Chaney in his most famous role. (Read Lon Chaney’s 1929 Britannica essay on makeup.) The macabre story is based on French author Gaston Leroux’s novel Le Fantôme de l’opéra (1910). A disfigured eccentric

The Phantom of the Opera, British horror film, released in 1962, that was based on Gaston Leroux’s popular novel and was notable for Herbert Lom’s sympathetic portrayal of the Phantom. For this adapation, the setting is moved from Paris to London at the turn of the 20th century. The film opens as

The Phantom of the Opera: A feature film adaptation, directed by Joel Schumacher, was released in 2004. Though the film retained most of the songs from the stage musical, it found its cast away from the Broadway stage: its stars—Gerald Butler (Phantom), Emmy Rossum (Christine), and Patrick Wilson (Raoul)—were primarily film and…

Brian De Palma: The 1970s: Phantom of the Paradise (1974) was Phantom of the Opera retold as a rock musical, with stylistic references to several classic horror movies. It was a commercial disappointment, however, as was De Palma’s next film, Obsession (1976), a recycling of Vertigo (1958).

Roy Del Ruth: Later work: In 1954 Del Ruth directed Phantom of the Rue Morgue, which was shot in 3-D but released “flat.” Del Ruth’s horror film paled in comparison with the 1932 version, The Murders in the Rue Morgue, with Karl Malden miscast in the Bela Lugosi role.

helleborine: The phantom orchid (C. austiniae), the only species native to the Western Hemisphere, relies entirely on mycorrhizal fungi for nutrition. The most common British species is large white helleborine (C. damasonium). It has many long thick roots. The petals are borne close together, giving the flower…

human nervous system: Changes in the cerebral cortex: …area; this phenomenon is called phantom pain.

Walter Lippmann: In The Phantom Public (1925) he again treated the problem of communication in politics; while continuing to doubt the possibility of a true democracy, he nonetheless rejected government by an elite.

Rudyard Kipling: Legacy of Rudyard Kipling: …eruption of the supernatural in The Phantom Rickshaw (1888) to its subtle exploitation in “The Wish House” or “A Madonna of the Trenches” (1924), or from the innocent chauvinism of the bravura “The Man Who Was” (1890) to the depth of implication beneath the seemingly insensate xenophobia of Mary Postgate…

Paul Thomas Anderson: Inherent Vice, Phantom Thread, and Licorice Pizza: Anderson next wrote and directed Phantom Thread (2017), which starred Day-Lewis as a dressmaker whose pursuit of perfection begets tension in his romantic relationships. Anderson earned an Oscar nod for his direction, and the film was nominated for best picture. He was also praised for Licorice Pizza (2021), a 1970s…

children’s literature: Contemporary times: The first was The Phantom Tollbooth (1961) by Norton Juster, a fantasy about a boy “who didn’t know what to do with himself.” Not entirely unjustly, it has been compared to Alice. The second received less attention but is more remarkable: The Mouse and His Child (1969), by…

Phantom: …and the 1996 Paramount movie The Phantom), directed by Simon Wincer and starring Billy Zane and Catherine Zeta-Jones. Longtime fans praised the film for capturing the spirit of the strip.

Phao Sriyanond was the director general of the Thai government’s national police, who as one of a powerful triumvirate, with Luang Phibunsongkhram and Sarit Thanarat, built a formidable armed force in an unsuccessful attempt to assert his individual authority. Phao, of Thai-Burmese ancestry, joined

columbiform: Distinguishing characteristics: One, the flock pigeon (Phaps histrionica), makes long flights to its feeding and drinking places and has long wings, in many respects apparently living like the sandgrouse of Africa and Eurasia.

David Williamson: …also wrote several screenplays, including Phar Lap (1982) and, in collaboration with Peter Weir, Gallipoli (1981) and The Year of Living Dangerously (1982).

pharaoh, (from Egyptian per ʿaa, “great house”), originally, the royal palace in ancient Egypt. The word came to be used metonymically for the Egyptian king under the New Kingdom (starting in the 18th dynasty, c. 1539–c. 1292 bce), and by the 22nd dynasty (c. 943–c. 746 bce) it had been adopted as

Chris Cooper: …the American Civil War movie Pharoah’s Army. In Lone Star (1996) he portrayed a character created for him by Sayles, that of a Texas sheriff investigating a long-ago murder that may have been committed by his father. He appeared in A Time to Kill (1996), based on a novel by…

vulture: Old World vultures: The Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus), also called Pharaoh’s chicken, is a small Old World vulture about 60 cm (24 inches) long. It is white with black flight feathers, a bare face, and a cascading mane of feathers. This vulture’s range is northern and eastern Africa, southern…

Egypt: Sports and recreation: The national team, the Pharaohs, was the first African representative at the World Cup (1934) and has won the African Cup of Nations a number of times since that competition began in 1957. In 2010 Egypt became the first country to win three consecutive African Cup of Nations titles.

Pharisee, member of a Jewish religious party that flourished in Palestine during the latter part of the Second Temple period (515 bce–70 ce). The Pharisees’ insistence on the binding force of oral tradition (“the unwritten Torah”) remains a basic tenet of Jewish theological thought. When the Mishna

pharmaceutical, substance used in the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of disease and for restoring, correcting, or modifying organic functions. (See also pharmaceutical industry.) Records of medicinal plants and minerals date to ancient Chinese, Hindu, and Mediterranean civilizations. Ancient

antifungal drug, any substance that acts selectively against a fungal pathogen (disease-causing organism) in the treatment of fungal infection (mycosis). The major groups of antifungals are the polyenes, the azoles, and the allyamines; these groups are distinguished primarily by chemical structure

pharmaceutical industry, the discovery, development, and manufacture of drugs and medications (pharmaceuticals) by public and private organizations. The modern era of the pharmaceutical industry—of isolation and purification of compounds, chemical synthesis, and computer-aided drug design—is

pharmaceutical industry: Pharmaceutical science in the 16th and 17th centuries: In 1841 the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain was founded. This society oversaw the education and training of pharmacists to assure a scientific basis for the profession. Today professional societies around the world play a prominent role in supervising the education and practice of their members.

therapeutics: Drug therapy: Study of the factors that influence the movement of drugs throughout the body is called pharmacokinetics, which includes the

therapeutics: Principles of drug uptake and distribution: …and their effects is called pharmacodynamics. Before a drug can be effective, it must be absorbed and distributed throughout the body. Drugs taken orally may be absorbed by the intestines at different rates, some being absorbed rapidly, some more slowly. Even rapidly absorbed drugs can be prepared in ways that…

pharmaceutical industry: Pharmacokinetic investigation: In addition to the animal toxicity studies outlined above, biopharmaceutical studies are required for all new drugs. The chemical makeup of the drug and the dosage form of the drug to be used in trials must be described. The stability of the drug…

drug cult, group using drugs to achieve religious or spiritual revelation and for ritualistic purposes. Though the idea may be strange to most modern worshippers, drugs have played an important role in the history of religions. The ceremonial use of wine and incense in contemporary ritual is

pharmacology, branch of medicine that deals with the interaction of drugs with the systems and processes of living animals, in particular, the mechanisms of drug action as well as the therapeutic and other uses of the drug. The first Western pharmacological treatise, a listing of herbal plants used

pharmacopoeia, book published by a government, or otherwise under official sanction, to provide standards of strength and purity for therapeutic drugs. The primary function of a pharmacopoeia is to describe the formulation of each drug on the selected list. The provisions of the pharmacopoeia are

William Bartram: Contributions to science: …continued to be listed in Pharmacopeia of the United States in the 19th and 20th centuries (see also pharmacopoeia). To Bartram, the Indigenous peoples of America were deserving of respectful treatment as virtuous, moral people who had no need to embrace European civilization.

pharmacopoeia, book published by a government, or otherwise under official sanction, to provide standards of strength and purity for therapeutic drugs. The primary function of a pharmacopoeia is to describe the formulation of each drug on the selected list. The provisions of the pharmacopoeia are

William Bartram: Contributions to science: …continued to be listed in Pharmacopeia of the United States in the 19th and 20th centuries (see also pharmacopoeia). To Bartram, the Indigenous peoples of America were deserving of respectful treatment as virtuous, moral people who had no need to embrace European civilization.

pharmacosiderite, hydrated iron arsenate mineral (KFe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4·6−7H2O) that forms olive-green to honey-yellow, yellowish-brown, and brown, transparent to translucent, striated cubes. It usually occurs as a weathering product of arsenic-rich minerals, as in Cornwall, Eng.; Saxony (Ger.);

therapeutics: Drug therapy: Study of the factors that influence the movement of drugs throughout the body is called pharmacokinetics, which includes the

Marcel Duchamp: Farewell to art: In 1914 Pharmacy consisted of a commercial print of a winter landscape, to which he added two small figures reminiscent of pharmacists’ bottles. It was nearly 40 years before the ready-mades were seen as more than a derisive gesture against the excessive importance attached to works of…

pharmacy, the science and art concerned with the preparation and standardization of drugs. Its scope includes the cultivation of plants that are used as drugs, the synthesis of chemical compounds of medicinal value, and the analysis of medicinal agents. Pharmacists are responsible for the

pharmākos, in Greek religion, a human scapegoat used in certain state rituals. In Athens, for example, a man and a woman who were considered ugly were selected as scapegoats each year. At the festival of the Thargelia in May or June, they were feasted, led round the town, beaten with green twigs,

pharming, the generation of pharmaceuticals using animals or plants that have been genetically engineered. Pharming is a useful alternative to traditional pharmaceutical development because genetically engineered livestock and plants are relatively inexpensive to produce and maintain. In addition,

Pharnabazus was a Persian soldier and statesman who was the hereditary satrap (provincial governor) of Dascylium under Darius II and Artaxerxes II. Pharnabazus was an outstanding military and naval commander in Persia’s wars against Athens and Sparta. In the war with Athens, beginning in 413 bc, he

Julius Caesar: Antecedents and outcome of the civil war of 49–45 bce: …war in northeastern Anatolia with Pharnaces, king of the Cimmerian Bosporus, who was trying to regain Pontus, the kingdom of his father, Mithradates. Caesar’s famous words, Veni, vidi, vici (“I came, I saw, I conquered”), are his own account of this campaign.

Giresun, city and seaport, northeastern Turkey. It lies along the Black Sea about 110 miles (175 km) west of Trabzon. The older parts of the city lie on a peninsula crowned by a ruined Byzantine fortress, sheltering the small natural harbour. Nearby is Giresun Island, in ancient times called Ares.

female genital cutting: The procedure: Infibulation (also called Pharoanic circumcision). The vaginal opening is reduced by removing all or parts of the external genitalia (the clitoris, labia minora, and labia majora) and sewing, pinning, or otherwise causing the remaining tissue to fuse together during the healing process. Those procedures that…

quetzal, (genus Pharomachrus), any of five species of colourful birds belonging to the genus Pharomachrus of the trogon family (Trogonidae). All five species—the white-tipped quetzal (P. fulgidus), the crested quetzal (P. antisianus), the golden-headed quetzal (P. auriceps), the resplendent quetzal

quetzal: fulgidus), the crested quetzal (P. antisianus), the golden-headed quetzal (P. auriceps), the resplendent quetzal (P. mocinno), and the pavonine quetzal (P. pavoninus)—reside in the neotropics (Central America and South America).

quetzal: antisianus), the golden-headed quetzal (P. auriceps), the resplendent quetzal (P. mocinno), and the pavonine quetzal (P. pavoninus)—reside in the neotropics (Central America and South America).

quetzal: All five species—the white-tipped quetzal (P. fulgidus), the crested quetzal (P. antisianus), the golden-headed quetzal (P. auriceps), the resplendent quetzal (P. mocinno), and the pavonine quetzal (P. pavoninus)—reside in the neotropics (Central America and South America).

trogon: …(or Guatemalan) quetzal, also called resplendent trogon (Pharomachrus mocinno), which is about 125 cm (50 inches) long. The graduated tail, of 12 feathers, is carried closed (square-tipped) and typically has a black-and-white pattern on the underside (as in cuckoos). The wings are rounded, legs short, feet weak. Uniquely, the second…

trogon: …(or Guatemalan) quetzal, also called resplendent trogon (Pharomachrus mocinno), which is about 125 cm (50 inches) long. The graduated tail, of 12 feathers, is carried closed (square-tipped) and typically has a black-and-white pattern on the underside (as in cuckoos). The wings are rounded, legs short, feet weak. Uniquely, the second…

quetzal: mocinno), and the pavonine quetzal (P. pavoninus)—reside in the neotropics (Central America and South America).

Alexandria: City site: …founding, links the island of Pharos with the city centre on the mainland. Its two steeply curving bays form the basins for the Eastern Harbour and the Western Harbour.

lighthouse of Alexandria, one of the Seven Wonders of the World and the most famous lighthouse in antiquity. It was a technological triumph and is the archetype of all lighthouses since. Built by Sostratus of Cnidus, perhaps for Ptolemy I Soter, it was finished during the reign of Soter’s son

Pharr, city, Hidalgo county, southern Texas, U.S., in the lower Rio Grande valley. It is one of several small cities in the area (including McAllen, San Juan, and Edinburg) with mixed farm, oil, and gas economies. Settled in the 1900s and named for a local sugarcane grower, it developed as a

Lucan: …civile, better known as the Pharsalia because of its vivid account of that battle, is remarkable as the single major Latin epic poem that eschewed the intervention of the gods.

Battle of Pharsalus, (48 bce), the decisive engagement in the Roman civil war (49–45 bce) between Julius Caesar and Pompey the Great. After failing to subdue his enemies at Dyrrhachium (now Dürres, Albania), Caesar clashed with Pompey somewhere near Pharsalus (now Fársala, Greece). Although Caesar

Afro-Asiatic languages: Phonetics and phonology: …this inventory is called the pharyngeal fricatives and is exemplified in Egyptian, Cushitic, Amazigh, and Semitic by ħ and ʿ (“ayn”). A second commonly used group of consonants is an emphatic set, similar to the pharyngeal fricatives but with phonetically quite different articulations; characteristically, emphatics are formed deeper down in…

Hymenoptera: Internal structure: …bees have one pair of pharyngeal glands that produce food, especially royal jelly, for the young larvae. The pharyngeal glands are rudimentary in drones and absent in queens.

elephant: Sound production and water storage: …structure associated with it, the pharyngeal pouch. In the vast majority of mammals, the throat contains nine bones connected in a boxlike structure, the hyoid apparatus, that supports the tongue and the voice box. Elephants have only five bones in the hyoid apparatus, and the gap formed by the missing…

adenoids, a mass of lymphatic tissue, similar to the (palatine) tonsils, that is attached to the back wall of the nasal pharynx (i.e., the upper part of the throat opening into the nasal cavity proper). An individual fold of such nasopharyngeal lymphatic tissue is called an adenoid. The surface

Afro-Asiatic languages: Phonetics and phonology: …three major types of consonants: pharyngealized (articulated at the back of the vocal tract with the pharynx), velarized (in which the back of the tongue touches the soft palate), and uvularized (articulated at the back of the vocal tract with the uvula). In South Arabian, Ethio-Semitic, Cushitic, and Chadic languages,…

pharyngitis, inflammatory illness of the mucous membranes and underlying structures of the throat (pharynx). Inflammation usually involves the nasopharynx, uvula, soft palate, and tonsils. The illness can be caused by bacteria, viruses, mycoplasmas, fungi, and parasites and by recognized diseases

pharynx, cone-shaped passageway leading from the oral and nasal cavities in the head to the esophagus and larynx. The pharynx chamber serves both respiratory and digestive functions. Thick fibres of muscle and connective tissue attach the pharynx to the base of the skull and surrounding structures.

marsupial mouse: …marsupial mice, or tuans (Phascogale), are grayish above and whitish below in colour; the distal half of the long tail is thickly furred and resembles a bottle brush when the hairs are erected. Tuans are arboreal but may raid poultry yards. In both appearance and behaviour the flat-skulled marsupial…

koala: …only member of the family Phascolarctidae. Unlike those of other arboreal marsupials, its pouch opens rearward. Births are single, occurring after a gestation of 34 to 36 days. The youngster (called a joey) first puts its head out of the pouch at about five months of age. For up to…

koala, (Phascolarctos cinereus), tree-dwelling marsupial of coastal eastern and southern Australia classified in the family Phascolarctidae (suborder Vombatiformes). Due to the animal’s superficial resemblance to a small bear, the koala is sometimes referred to, albeit erroneously, as the koala

wombat: The common wombat has coarse dark hair and a bald, granular nose pad. It is common in woodlands of hilly country along the Dividing Range in southeastern Australia, from southeastern Queensland through New South Wales and Victoria into South Australia, and in Tasmania. In historic times…

phase, in astronomy, any of the varying appearances of a celestial body as different amounts of its disk are seen (from Earth, ordinarily) to be illuminated by the Sun. The Moon displays eight phases: new, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full, waning gibbous, last quarter, and

phase, in mechanics of vibrations, the fraction of a period (i.e., the time required to complete a full cycle) that a point completes after last passing through the reference, or zero, position. For example, the reference position for the hands of a clock is at the numeral 12, and the minute hand

phase, in thermodynamics, chemically and physically uniform or homogeneous quantity of matter that can be separated mechanically from a nonhomogeneous mixture and that may consist of a single substance or a mixture of substances. The three fundamental phases of matter are solid, liquid, and gas

television: PAL: PAL (phase alternation line) resembles NTSC in that the chrominance signal is simultaneously modulated in amplitude to carry the saturation (pastel-versus-vivid) aspect of the colours and modulated in phase to carry the hue aspect. In the PAL system, however, the phase information is reversed…

phase: …period, having passed through a phase angle of 90°, or π/2 radians. In this example the motion of the minute hand is a uniform circular motion, but the concept of phase also applies to simple harmonic motion such as that experienced by waves and vibrating bodies.

phase: …altered to another form, a phase change is said to have occurred.

phase diagram, graph showing the limiting conditions for solid, liquid, and gaseous phases of a single substance or of a mixture of substances while undergoing changes in pressure and temperature or in some other combination of variables, such as solubility and temperature. The Figure shows a

separation and purification: Separations based on equilibria: All equilibrium methods considered in this section involve the distribution of substances between two phases that are insoluble in one another. As an example, consider the two immiscible liquids benzene and water. If a colored compound is placed in the water and the two phases are…

particle accelerator: History: Phase focusing, the implementation of the principle of phase stability, was promptly demonstrated by the construction of a small synchrocyclotron at the University of California and an electron synchrotron in England. The first proton linear resonance accelerator was constructed soon thereafter. The large proton synchrotrons…

poison: Biotransformation: In phase I, an exogenous molecule is modified by the addition of a functional group such as a hydroxyl, a carboxyl, or a sulfhydryl. This modification allows phase II, the conjugation, or joining, of the exogenous molecule with an endogenous molecule (one naturally found in the…

steel band: …and Len (“Boogsie”) Sharpe (Phase II Pan Groove) helped to create a new style of steel band music for Panorama, and by the end of the 1970s the Panorama competition had eclipsed fetes and Carnival masquerades as the major venue for steel band performance.

poison: Biotransformation: In phase II reactions an altered exogenous chemical binds with an endogenous molecule, leading to the formation of a final product (the conjugate), which is usually much more water-soluble and easily excreted than the parent chemical. There are four types of parent compounds whose excretion can…

Saul Bass: …the sci-fi thriller feature film Phase IV (1974) and wrote, produced, and directed several short films. His Why Man Creates (1968) won the Academy Award for best short-subject documentary.

modulation: Phase modulation: The phase of a carrier wave is varied in response to the vibrations of the sound source in phase modulation (PM). This form of modulation is often considered a variation of FM. The two processes are closely related, because phase cannot be changed…

Orthoptera: Hormones: …has both solitary and gregarious phases. Gregarious locusts outnumber solitary ones, migrate both as nymphs and adults, and travel in swarms. Swarming adults are tremendously destructive to crops. Typically, gregarious locusts have darker bodies and longer wings compared with solitary forms. Color changes in adults are correlated with maturation of…

phase rule, law relating variables of a system in thermodynamic equilibrium, deduced by the American physicist J. Willard Gibbs in his papers on thermodynamics (1875–78). Systems in thermodynamic equilibrium are generally considered to be isolated from their environment in some kind of closed

industrial glass: Phase separation: On the scale of several atoms, the structure of multicomponent glasses usually is not as random as that shown in Figure 2. This is because the various components of a molten mixture may display liquid-liquid immiscibility during cooling; that is, the components may…

phase: …altered to another form, a phase change is said to have occurred.

wave: Physical characteristics of surface waves: …troughs and crests, called the phase speed, and the speed and direction of the transport of energy or information associated with the wave, termed the group velocity. For nondispersive long waves the two are equal, whereas for surface gravity waves in deep water the group velocity is only half the…

particle accelerator: Linear proton accelerators: …device, but the principle of phase stability reduces to a manageable magnitude the need for precision in construction. It also makes possible an intense beam because protons can be accelerated in a stable manner even if they do not cross the gaps at exactly the intended times. The principle is…

phase: …altered to another form, a phase change is said to have occurred.

radiation: Dispersion: …referred to, however, is the phase velocity or the velocity with which the sine-wave peaks are propagated. The propagation velocity of an actual signal or the group velocity is always less than the speed of light in vacuum. Therefore, relativity theory is not violated. An example is shown in Figure…