rust: …is black stem rust (Puccinia graminis) of wheat and other cereals and grasses. Other heteroecious rusts include cedar-apple rust (Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae), which primarily uses Eastern red cedar as one host and various apple and crabapple (Malus) species as the

fungus: Annotated classification: Order Pucciniales Parasitic on plants; typically have 5 spore stages and 2 alternate hosts; example genera include Puccinia and Uromyces. Class Cystobasidiomycetes Parasitic on plants; simple-septate basidiomycetes; contains 3 orders. Order Cystobasidiales

fungus: Annotated classification: Subphylum Pucciniomycotina Pathogens of land plants; includes the rusts; contains eight classes. Class Pucciniomycotina Parasitic on plants, some saprotrophic; contains 5 orders. Order Septobasidiales Parasitic on plants, some members parasitic on or symbiotic with scale insects

fungus: Annotated classification: Class Pucciniomycotina Parasitic on plants, some saprotrophic; contains 5 orders. Order Septobasidiales Parasitic on plants, some members parasitic on or symbiotic with scale insects (order Homoptera); basidiospores germinate on insects, with haustoria coiled inside insect; example genera include Septobasidium and

puccoon, any of several plants formerly used by certain North American Indians for dyes derived from the roots, the term being an Algonquian name for dye. Lithospermum species include the yellow puccoon, or Indian paint (L. canescens), with small yellow or orange flowers and reddish roots. It and a

St. Joan of Arc ; canonized May 16, 1920; feast day May 30; French national holiday, second Sunday in May) is a national heroine of France, a peasant girl who, believing that she was acting under divine guidance, led the French army in a momentous victory at Orléans that repulsed an English attempt

Jean Pucelle was an outstanding miniature painter and manuscript illuminator. He excelled in the invention of drolleries (marginal designs) and in traditional iconography. There is little information concerning Pucelle’s background. In the 1300s he apparently made a trip to Italy that resulted in

Jean Pucelle was an outstanding miniature painter and manuscript illuminator. He excelled in the invention of drolleries (marginal designs) and in traditional iconography. There is little information concerning Pucelle’s background. In the 1300s he apparently made a trip to Italy that resulted in

herbal: …one being Konrad von Megenberg’s Das puch der natur (or Buch der natur, “Book of Nature”). When printed in 1475, it included the first known woodcuts for botanical illustrations. Very few original drawings were prepared for herbals before the 16th century: illustrations were copies and copies of copies. They became…

Bucheon, city, Gyeonggi do (province), northwestern South Korea, located halfway between Seoul and Incheon. It became a municipality in 1973 and developed rapidly as a satellite city of Seoul. Industries include the manufacture of chemicals, semiconductors, machinery, lighting, and plastics. The

Boğazköy: Excavations: …1907 another German expedition, under Otto Puchstein, excavated and surveyed the fortifications and temples. After World War I new excavations were started by the German Archaeological Institute and the German Orient Society, with Kurt Bittel as field director. They continued from 1931 to 1939 and again after World War II.…

Georg Friedrich Puchta was a German jurist noted for his works on ancient Roman law. Puchta’s father, Wolfgang Heinrich Puchta (1769–1845), was a legal writer and district judge. From 1811 to 1816 the young Puchta attended the gymnasium at Nürnberg, and in 1816 he went to the University of

Puck, the vivacious fairy, henchman for Oberon, and narrator in Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream. Notorious for his mischievous deeds, Puck makes witty, fanciful asides that serve to guide the play and its outrageous action. Although belief in fairy creatures was strong in medieval England,

ice hockey: …a vulcanized rubber disk, the puck, past a goal line and into a net guarded by a goaltender, or goalie. With its speed and its frequent physical contact, ice hockey has become one of the most popular of international sports. The game is an Olympic sport, and worldwide there are…

caricature and cartoon: The United States: In 1876 Puck was founded. It was soon to develop new artists, notably Joseph Keppler and Bernhard Gillam. They worked in a lithographic style of considerable artistic competence, without the force of Nast or the effortless flow of Daumier, but with plenty of clever analogies and with…

puck, in medieval English folklore, a malicious fairy or demon. In Old and Middle English the word meant simply “demon.” In Elizabethan lore he was a mischievous, brownielike fairy also called Robin Goodfellow, or Hobgoblin. As one of the leading characters in William Shakespeare’s Midsummer

Rudyard Kipling: Life: …of his later writing—especially in Puck of Pook’s Hill (1906) and Rewards and Fairies (1910), two volumes that, although devoted to simple dramatic presentations of English history, embodied some of his deepest intuitions. In 1907 he received the Nobel Prize for Literature, the first Englishman to be so honoured. In…

California-style pizza: … chefs, notably Ed LaDou and Wolfgang Puck at Spago in Los Angeles and Alice Waters at Chez Panisse in Berkeley. LaDou also worked briefly with California Pizza Kitchen, which developed a restaurant chain based on the dish. Creative and seasonally driven, California-style pizza is reflective of the state’s bounty of…

hydrocarbon: Cycloalkanes: …involving interconversion of nonplanar “puckered” conformations.

Kirby Puckett was an American professional baseball player known for being one of the greatest right-handed hitters in the sport’s history. Before his career was cut short by glaucoma, Puckett compiled 2,304 hits, 1,085 runs batted in (RBIs), 207 home runs, and a .318 lifetime batting average. He

machine gun: In 1718 James Puckle in London patented a machine gun that was actually produced; a model of it is in the Tower of London. Its chief feature, a revolving cylinder that fed rounds into the gun’s chamber, was a basic step toward the automatic weapon; what prevented…

Huang Binhong was a painter and art theorist who, faced with the challenge of a new society in 20th-century China, incorporated fresh ideas into traditional Chinese painting. Huang’s father was a merchant and art enthusiast who encouraged his son’s interest in painting. In 1888 his business

Pudd’nhead Wilson, novel by Mark Twain, originally published as Pudd’nhead Wilson, a Tale (1894). A story about miscegenation in the antebellum South, the book is noted for its grim humour and its reflections on racism and responsibility. Also notable are the ironic epigraphs from a fictional

pudding, any of several foods whose common characteristic is a relatively soft, spongy, and thick texture. In the United States, puddings are nearly always sweet desserts of milk or fruit juice variously flavoured and thickened with cornstarch, arrowroot, flour, tapioca, rice, bread, or eggs. The

iron processing: History: …Henry Cort, who patented his puddling furnace in 1784. Cort used a coal-fired reverberatory furnace to melt a charge of pig iron to which iron oxide was added to make a slag. Agitating the resultant “puddle” of metal caused carbon to be removed by oxidation (together with silicon, phosphorus, and…

puddling process, Method of converting pig iron into wrought iron by subjecting it to heat and frequent stirring in a furnace in the presence of oxidizing substances (see oxidation-reduction). Invented by Henry Cort in 1784 (superseding the finery process), it was the first method that allowed

Poodle, breed of dog thought to have originated in Germany but widely associated with France, where it is hugely popular. The Poodle was developed as a water retriever, and the distinctive clipping of its heavy coat was initiated to increase the animal’s efficiency in the water. The breed has been

human reproductive system: The penis: …blood supply from the internal pudendal artery, a branch of the internal iliac artery, which supplies blood to the pelvic structures and organs, the buttocks, and the inside of the thighs. Erection is brought about by distension of the cavernous spaces with blood, which is prevented from draining away by…

birth: Pudendal block: The pudendal block is a relatively simple and common procedure that numbs the birth canal and perineum for spontaneous delivery, forceps delivery, vacuum extraction, and episiotomy. The same anesthetic agents employed in epidural anesthesia are used and are injected through the vagina to…

human reproductive system: External genitalia: …boundaries of the vulval or pudendal cleft, which receives the openings of the vagina and the urethra. The outer surface of each labium is pigmented and hairy; the inner surface is smooth but possesses sebaceous glands. The labia majora contain fat and loose connective tissue and sweat glands. They correspond…

Jainism: Jiva and ajiva: Matter (pudgala) has the characteristics of touch, taste, smell, and colour; however, its essential characteristic is lack of consciousness. The smallest unit of matter is the atom (paramanu). Heat, light, and shade are all forms of fine matter.

Pudgalavādin, ancient Buddhist school in India that affirmed the existence of an enduring person (pudgala) distinct from both the conditioned (saṃskṛta) and the unconditioned (asaṃskṛ-ta); the sole asaṃskṛta for them was nirvana. If consciousness exists, there must be a subject of consciousness,

hogfish: The spotfin hogfish and the Spanish hogfish belong to the genus Bodianus and occupy the same geographic range as L. maximus. The Spanish hogfish attains a length of 61 cm and, when young, are known to clean other fishes of external parasites.

Expo Shanghai 2010: The site: …was on the eastern (Pudong) side of the river and the remainder on the western (Puxi) side.

Vsevolod Pudovkin was a Soviet film director and theorist who was best known for visually interpreting the inner motivations and emotions of his characters. Wounded and imprisoned for three years in World War I, Pudovkin returned to the study of chemistry but was attracted to the theatre. After

Vsevolod Pudovkin was a Soviet film director and theorist who was best known for visually interpreting the inner motivations and emotions of his characters. Wounded and imprisoned for three years in World War I, Pudovkin returned to the study of chemistry but was attracted to the theatre. After

deer: New World deer: …of the tiniest deer, the pudu (genus Pudu), standing only 30 cm (12 inches) at the shoulder, live far apart in the central Andes and southern Chile, as do two species of the larger, rock-climbing Andean deer (genus Hippocamelus). The small pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) and the red deer-sized marsh…

Arinnitti: The powerful Hittite queen Puduhepa adopted Arinnitti as her protectress; the queen’s seal showed her in the goddess’ embrace.

Puducherry, city, capital of Puducherry union territory, southeastern India. The city constitutes an enclave surrounded by Tamil Nadu state, on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal, 105 miles (170 km) south of Chennai (Madras). It originated as a French trade centre in 1674, when it was

Puducherry, union territory of India. It was formed in 1962 out of the four former colonies of French India: Pondicherry (now Puducherry) and Karaikal along India’s southeastern Coromandel Coast, surrounded by Tamil Nadu state; Yanam, farther north along the eastern coast in the delta region of the

Arinnitti: The powerful Hittite queen Puduhepa adopted Arinnitti as her protectress; the queen’s seal showed her in the goddess’ embrace.

Pudukkottai, city, southern Tamil Nadu state, southern India. It is located on a level lowland plain just north of the Vellar River, about 30 miles (48 km) south-southeast of Tiruchchirappalli and 35 miles (55 km) southwest of Thanjavur. Pudukkottai was founded by Raghunath, raja of Tondaimandalam

Puebla, estado (state), east-central Mexico. It is bounded by the states of Veracruz to the north and east, Oaxaca to the south, Guerrero to the southwest, Morelos and México to the west, and Tlaxcala and Hidalgo to the northwest. Nearly half of its population is concentrated in the city of Puebla

Puebla, city, capital of Puebla estado (state), central Mexico. Founded as Puebla de los Angeles in 1532, the city lies on a broad plain 7,093 feet (2,162 metres) above sea level, about 80 miles (130 km) southeast of Mexico City. It is spread across foothills where the Sierra Madre Oriental

Puebla, city, capital of Puebla estado (state), central Mexico. Founded as Puebla de los Angeles in 1532, the city lies on a broad plain 7,093 feet (2,162 metres) above sea level, about 80 miles (130 km) southeast of Mexico City. It is spread across foothills where the Sierra Madre Oriental

Cinco de Mayo, holiday celebrated on May 5 in parts of Mexico and the United States in honor of a military victory over the French forces of Napoleon III in 1862, known as the Battle of Puebla. Cinco de Mayo is not to be confused with Mexican Independence Day, which falls on September 16. The

Battle of Puebla, (May 5, 1862), battle fought at Puebla, Mexico, between the army of the liberal government headed by Benito Juárez and the French forces sent by Napoleon III to establish a French satellite state in Mexico. The battle, which ended in a Mexican victory, is celebrated in the

Pueblo, city, seat (1861) of Pueblo county, south-central Colorado, U.S., situated on the Arkansas River, near its confluence with Fountain Creek, at an elevation of 4,690 feet (1,430 metres). Jim Beckwourth, a trader and onetime war chief of the Crow Indians, established a trading post, Fort

Pueblo Incident: …capture of the USS “Pueblo,” a Navy intelligence ship, and its 83 crewmen by North Korean patrol boats off the coast of North Korea on January 23, 1968. The United States, maintaining that the “Pueblo” had been in international waters, began a military buildup in the area. It also…

Pueblo architecture, traditional architecture of the Pueblo Indians of the southwestern United States. The multistoried, permanent, attached homes typical of this tradition are modeled after the cliff dwellings built by the Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi) culture beginning in approximately 1150 ce. This

Pueblo architecture, traditional architecture of the Pueblo Indians of the southwestern United States. The multistoried, permanent, attached homes typical of this tradition are modeled after the cliff dwellings built by the Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi) culture beginning in approximately 1150 ce. This

Native American art: Southwest: …remarkable multistoried structures, some—such as Pueblo Bonito in New Mexico—sheltering hundreds of families in more than 400 rooms.

Los Angeles , city, seat of Los Angeles county, southern California, U.S. It is the second most populous city and metropolitan area (after New York City) in the United States. The city sprawls across a broad coastal plain situated between mountains and the Pacific Ocean; the much larger Los Angeles

San Jose, city, seat (1850) of Santa Clara county, west-central California, U.S. It lies in the Santa Clara Valley along Coyote Creek and the Guadalupe River, about 50 miles (80 km) southeast of San Francisco. The city, located just southeast of San Francisco Bay, sprawls over a broad floodplain

Ancestral Pueblo culture: …(ad 100–500), Basketmaker III (500–750), Pueblo I (750–950), Pueblo II (950–1150), Pueblo III (1150–1300), and Pueblo IV (1300–1600). When the first cultural time lines of the American Southwest were created in the early 20th century, scientists included a Basketmaker I stage. They created this hypothetical period in anticipation of finding…

Ancestral Pueblo culture: …III (500–750), Pueblo I (750–950), Pueblo II (950–1150), Pueblo III (1150–1300), and Pueblo IV (1300–1600). When the first cultural time lines of the American Southwest were created in the early 20th century, scientists included a Basketmaker I stage. They created this hypothetical period in anticipation of finding evidence for the…

cliff dwelling: …Pueblo culture period known as Pueblo III (approximately 1150–1300 ce).

Pueblo Incident, capture of the USS “Pueblo,” a Navy intelligence ship, and its 83 crewmen by North Korean patrol boats off the coast of North Korea on January 23, 1968. The United States, maintaining that the “Pueblo” had been in international waters, began a military buildup in the area. It also

Elsie Clews Parsons: …syntheses of knowledge, culminating in Pueblo Indian Religion, 2 vol. (1939). Her interest in all possible influences on Pueblo peoples led her to investigations among Native Americans of the Great Plains and of Mexico, Peru, Ecuador, and the Caribbean. The Zapotec Indians of the state of Oaxaca, in Mexico, are…

Ancestral Pueblo culture: … (950–1150), Pueblo III (1150–1300), and Pueblo IV (1300–1600). When the first cultural time lines of the American Southwest were created in the early 20th century, scientists included a Basketmaker I stage. They created this hypothetical period in anticipation of finding evidence for the earliest stages of the transition from hunting…

Pueblo Libre, distrito (district), in the southwestern Lima–Callao metropolitan area, Peru. Mainly a middle-income residential community, it is dotted with small parks. Although many of the homes are modern, some predate Peru’s independence from Spain (1824). The liberators Simón Bolívar and José

Pueblo peoples, Indigenous North American groups known for living in compact permanent settlements called pueblos. Representative of the Indigenous Southwest culture area, most live in northeastern Arizona and northwestern New Mexico. Population estimates in the early 2020s indicated more than

Pueblo pottery, one of the most highly developed of the American Indian arts, still produced today in a manner almost identical to the method developed during the Classic Pueblo period about ad 1050–1300. During the five previous centuries when the Pueblo Indians became sedentary, they stopped

Pueblo Rebellion, (1680), carefully organized revolt of Pueblo peoples (in league with theApache), who succeeded in overthrowing Spanish rule in New Mexico for 12 years. A traditionally peaceful people, the Pueblos had endured much after New Mexico’s colonization in 1598. Catholicism was forced on

Ancestral Pueblo culture: The history of the modern Pueblo tribes is usually dated from approximately 1600 onward, as Spanish colonial occupation of the North American Southwest began in 1598. The Spanish mandate was to Christianize the indigenous population and to extract tribute for the crown, and violence was often used in order…

Vicente Blasco Ibáñez: He founded the republican journal El Pueblo in 1891 and was first elected to the Cortes (parliament) in 1901, to which he was returned seven times before he voluntarily exiled himself in 1923 and settled on the French Riviera. He did so because of his opposition to the military dictatorship…

Ancestral Pueblo culture: …their approximate dates are Late Basketmaker II (ad 100–500), Basketmaker III (500–750), Pueblo I (750–950), Pueblo II (950–1150), Pueblo III (1150–1300), and Pueblo IV (1300–1600). When the first cultural time lines of the American Southwest were created in the early 20th century, scientists included a Basketmaker I stage. They created…

Peñarroya-Pueblonuevo, town, Córdoba provincia (province), in the comunidad autónoma (autonomous community) of Andalusia, southern Spain. A railway junction in the Sierra Morena, it lies about 50 miles (80 km) northwest of Córdoba city. Peñarroya was settled in the 13th century. Pueblonuevo was

Argentina: Efforts toward reconstruction, 1820–29: …in Buenos Aires and the League of Free Peoples, which had grown up along the Río de la Plata and its tributaries under the leadership of José Gervasio Artigas. But both organizations collapsed in that year, and Buenos Aires seemed to be losing its position as the seat of national…

Nicaragua: Relief: … in the north and the Pueblos Mesas in the south. The highest volcanoes include San Cristóbal (5,840 feet [1,780 metres]), Concepción (5,282 feet [1,610 metres]), and Momotombo (4,199 feet [1,280 metres]).

Puelche, extinct South American Indian tribe that inhabited the grassy Pampas in the vicinity of the Río Negro and Río Colorado and ranged north as far as the Río de la Plata. The Puelche had their own language but in social and economic characteristics resembled their Patagonian and Pampean

Poliziano: …In Lalagen and the ode In puellam suam (“In Regard to One’s Daughters”). To the same period belong the strange and poetically experimental Sylva in scabiem (1475; “Trees with Mildew”), in which he describes realistically the symptoms of scabies.

Katherine Oppenheimer was a German American botanist, biologist, and wife of Los Alamos Laboratory director J. Robert Oppenheimer. After her birth in Germany, Katherine Puening moved with her family to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, at age three and spent the rest of her childhood in the area. Her

Segovia aqueduct, water-conveyance structure built under the Roman emperor Trajan (reigned 98–117 ce) and still in use; it carries water 16 km (10 miles) from the Frío River to the city of Segovia, Spain. One of the best-preserved Roman engineering works, the aqueduct was designated part of the

Tito Puente was an American bandleader, composer, and musician who was one of the leading figures in Latin jazz. His bravura showmanship and string of mambo dance hits in the 1950s earned him the nickname “King of Mambo.” The son of Puerto Rican immigrants, Puente grew up in New York City’s Spanish

Puente-Genil, town, Córdoba provincia (province), in the comunidad autónoma (autonomous community) of Andalusia, southern Spain, located south of Córdoba city, on the Córdoba-Málaga railway. It takes its name from the bridge over the Genil River that connects the two sections of the town. An

kudzu, (Pueraria montana), twining perennial vine of the pea family (Fabaceae). Kudzu is native to China and Japan, where it has long been grown for its edible starchy roots and for a fibre made from its stems. Kudzu is a useful fodder crop for livestock as well as an attractive ornamental.

puerperal fever, infection of some part of the female reproductive organs following childbirth or abortion. Cases of fever of 100.4 °F (38 °C) and higher during the first 10 days following delivery or miscarriage are notifiable to the civil authority in most developed countries, and the notifying

puerperium, the period of adjustment after childbirth during which the mother’s reproductive system returns to its normal prepregnant state. It generally lasts six to eight weeks and ends with the first ovulation and the return of normal menstruation. Puerperal changes begin almost immediately

Puerta del Sol, main plaza of Madrid, Spain. It was reputedly named for a gate (puerta) that stood there until 1510 and had on its front a representation of the sun (sol). Throughout Madrid’s history the square has been the focal point of transportation and of intellectual and economic activity. It

Puerto Aisén, city, southern Chile. It is located on the Aisén River at the head of a deep fjord facing the Chonos Archipelago. Colonization of the surrounding area of rugged topography and rigorous climate began only in the 19th century. Puerto Aisén is a port and commercial centre for the

Puerto Armuelles, Pacific Ocean seaport, western Panama. It is located on Charco Azul bay, west-southwest of David, near the border with Costa Rica. It was long a centre of banana cultivation and the headquarters of the Chiriquí Land Company, a subsidiary of Chiquita Brands International, Inc.

Puerto Ayacucho, city, capital of Amazonas estado (state), southern Venezuela. It is situated on the Orinoco River just below the Atures Rapids, which block navigation on the river. Founded in 1924, Puerto Ayacucho is the trading centre for the large but sparsely populated state, which historically

Santa Cruz Island: Puerto Ayora, on the southern coast, originally a colony of Scandinavians and Germans, has a harbor that can accommodate boats. Subsistence farming, fruit and sugarcane cultivation, and cattle raising are the basic economic activities, and tourism is important. The Charles Darwin Research Station on the…

Puerto Aisén, city, southern Chile. It is located on the Aisén River at the head of a deep fjord facing the Chonos Archipelago. Colonization of the surrounding area of rugged topography and rigorous climate began only in the 19th century. Puerto Aisén is a port and commercial centre for the

San Cristóbal Island: …capital of the Galapagos) and Puerto Baquerizo Moreno are located on Naufragio (Wreck) Bay. Charles Darwin, the English naturalist, landed at San Cristóbal in 1835 and compiled data that he later incorporated into his On the Origin of Species (1859). A monument to Darwin was erected in 1935. Formerly a…

Puerto Barrios, town, northeastern Guatemala, on Amatique Bay, off the Gulf of Honduras. Until the 1970s it was the principal port of Guatemala, used primarily for shipping agricultural commodities. In the early 20th century the port facilities and the railway connecting the port to Guatemala City

Portobelo, village, east-central Panama. It is situated along the Caribbean Sea coast, about 20 miles (32 km) northeast of Colón. The name Portobelo, meaning “beautiful harbour,” was given by Christopher Columbus in 1502; the village was founded in 1597. Portobelo grew to become a strongly

Puerto Berrío, city, eastern Antioquia department, northwestern Colombia, situated on the Magdalena River. It has been an important transportation hub almost since its founding in 1875 and a commercial and manufacturing centre for the agricultural and forest products of its hinterland. A cement

Puerto Cortés, city, northwestern Honduras, situated on the Gulf of Honduras. It is backed by Alvarado Lagoon and extends for 2 miles (3 km) along the southern shore of Caballos Point. Puerto Cortés serves as the seaport for San Pedro Sula and the Sula Valley. The city was founded in 1524 as Puerto

Puerto Cabello, port city, northern Carabobo estado (state), north-central Venezuela, situated on the Caribbean Sea. In colonial times the waters of its well-protected harbour were said to be so smooth that a single hair (Spanish cabello) could moor a vessel to the dock—hence the name. Puerto

Nicaragua: Transportation and telecommunications: The Caribbean ports include Puerto Cabezas and Bluefields, the latter connected to the river landing of Port Esperanza by regular small craft service. The short rivers in the west are navigable for small craft. In the east the Coco River is navigable in its lower course for medium-sized vessels.

Puerto Carreño, capital of Vichada departamento, eastern Colombia, situated at the junction of the Meta and Orinoco rivers, across from Puerto Páez, Venezuela. The easternmost of Colombia’s urban centres and a potentially important port on the Orinoco River, the city is a collection centre for the

Puerto Castilla, port, northern coast of Honduras. Located on the western side of a spit jutting out from the mainland north of Trujillo, the port is on an artificial island created by canals cut on its northern, eastern, and western sides. The site of Spanish fortifications in the colonial period,

Puerto Cortés, city, northwestern Honduras, situated on the Gulf of Honduras. It is backed by Alvarado Lagoon and extends for 2 miles (3 km) along the southern shore of Caballos Point. Puerto Cortés serves as the seaport for San Pedro Sula and the Sula Valley. The city was founded in 1524 as Puerto

Maó, capital of Minorca Island, Balearic Islands provincia (province) and comunidad autónoma (autonomous community), Spain. It originated as the Mediterranean Portus Magonis, bearing the name of the Carthaginian general Mago. Under the Romans it was a municipium (privileged town). The Arab pirate

Puerto de San José, port town, south-central Guatemala, situated along the Pacific Ocean. Opened in 1853, it is a roadstead with a long wharf; passengers and cargo are transferred from ships anchored 1 mile (1.6 km) offshore. It served as Guatemala’s principal Pacific port until the early 1980s,

El Puerto de Santa María, port city, Cádiz provincia (province), in the Andalusia comunidad autónoma (autonomous community), southern Spain, at the mouth of Guadalete River on the Bay of Cádiz, southwest of Jerez de la Frontera. The Roman Portus Menesthei, it was once the site of naval arsenals and

Culebra Island: The island’s deep bay, Puerto Grande, on the southeast, was used as a U.S. naval base until 1975. Culebra has sparse, thin soils and no permanent streams; tourism and fishing are the principal activities of its few inhabitants.

Native American art: Colombia: …region about 10,000 bce, and Puerto Hormiga excavations reveal that a pottery-making culture existed as early as 3000 bce. The more definite cultural expressions, however, are not found in quantity until San Agustín, which came into existence with the advent of the Common, or Christian, Era. Little pottery has been…