- Mayr, Ernst Walter (American biologist)
Ernst Mayr was a German-born American biologist known for his work in avian taxonomy, population genetics, and evolution. Considered one of the world’s leading evolutionary biologists, he was sometimes referred to as the “Darwin of the 20th century.” Two years after receiving a Ph.D. degree in
- Mayr, Giovanni Simone (Italian composer)
Simon Mayr was an Italian operatic and liturgical composer of German origin who was one of the first composers to use the orchestral crescendo technique made famous by Gioacchino Rossini. As a youth Mayr entered the University of Ingolstadt to study theology, but while there he learned to play
- Mayr, Johannes Simon (Italian composer)
Simon Mayr was an Italian operatic and liturgical composer of German origin who was one of the first composers to use the orchestral crescendo technique made famous by Gioacchino Rossini. As a youth Mayr entered the University of Ingolstadt to study theology, but while there he learned to play
- Mayr, Michael (Austrian statesman)
Austria: Early postwar years: …cabinet under the Christian Socialist Michael Mayr was formed. This was the government that prepared the draft of the constitution and introduced it into parliament. After its approval, new elections were held on October 17, 1920. The Christian Socialists were returned as the strongest party, gaining 82 seats, while the…
- Mayr, Simon (Italian composer)
Simon Mayr was an Italian operatic and liturgical composer of German origin who was one of the first composers to use the orchestral crescendo technique made famous by Gioacchino Rossini. As a youth Mayr entered the University of Ingolstadt to study theology, but while there he learned to play
- Mayr, Simon (German astronomer)
Simon Marius was a German astronomer who named the four largest moons of Jupiter: Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. All four are named after mythological figures with whom Jupiter fell in love. He and Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei both claimed to have discovered them, about 1610, and it is
- Mayrhofer, Johann (Austrian poet)
Franz Schubert: Early life and career: …introduced him to the poet Johann Mayrhofer. He also induced the young and brilliant Franz von Schober to visit Schubert. Late in 1815 Schober went to the schoolhouse in the Säulengasse, found Schubert in front of a class with his manuscripts piled about him, and inflamed the young composer, a…
- Mayrinax (Atayal dialect)
Austronesian languages: Speech levels and honorific registers: …Austronesian language is in the Mayrinax dialect of Atayal in northern Taiwan, where women’s speech is historically a more conservative variety and men’s speech shows unpredictable changes in pronunciation owing to the addition of entire syllables to earlier word forms.
- Mayröcker, Friederike (Austrian author)
concrete poetry: …as did Ernst Jandl and Friederike Mayröcker. The movement drew inspiration from Dada, Surrealism, and other nonrational 20th-century movements. Concrete poetry has an extreme visual bias and in this way is usually distinguished from pattern poetry. It attempts to move away from a purely verbal concept of verse toward what…
- Mays, Benjamin (American political activist)
assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.: Funeral rites: Former Morehouse president Benjamin Mays delivered the eulogy, and Mahalia Jackson (about whom King had once said, “a voice like hers comes along once in a millennium”) sang the gospel standard “Precious Lord.”
- Mays, J (American designer)
industrial design: Postmodern design and its aftermath: …the most-noted auto designers is J Mays, an American who trained at the Art Center College of Design in Pasadena, Calif., and then worked for German auto companies BMW and Audi in the 1980s. From 1989 to 1993 he served as chief designer of Volkswagen of America, where he devised…
- Mays, Willie (American baseball player)
Willie Mays was an American professional baseball player considered by many to be the greatest all-around player in the history of the game. Mays ranks among the all-time leaders in home runs, hits, runs scored, and runs batted in (RBI). In 1954 he helped the New York (later San Francisco) Giants
- Mays, Willie Howard (American baseball player)
Willie Mays was an American professional baseball player considered by many to be the greatest all-around player in the history of the game. Mays ranks among the all-time leaders in home runs, hits, runs scored, and runs batted in (RBI). In 1954 he helped the New York (later San Francisco) Giants
- Maysara (Berber leader)
North Africa: Khārijite Berber resistance to Arab rule: …leader was a Berber called Maysara who had come to Kairouan under the influence of the Ṣufriyyah, the extremist branch of the Khārijite sect. The Berber rebels achieved an astounding military success against the Arab army. By 742 they had taken control of the whole of Algeria and were threatening…
- Maysky, Ivan (Soviet ambassador)
Oskar Kokoschka: World War II and after: …the Russian ambassador to London, Ivan Maysky, and donated the fee for the painting to the Red Cross for the care of German and Russian soldiers wounded in the Battle of Stalingrad. He became a British subject in 1947.
- Maysles, Albert and David (American documentary filmmakers)
Albert and David Maysles were American documentary filmmakers who worked in a cinema verité style that was sensitive and compassionate as well as revelatory. The Maysles brothers grew up in Dorchester and later in Brookline, Massachusetts. Albert studied psychology at Syracuse University,
- Maysles, David (American documentary filmmaker)
Albert and David Maysles: In 1962 the brothers established the production company Maysles Films, Inc., and began to collaborate on documentaries in the cinema verité style, which they called “direct cinema.” They gained fame for the films Salesman (1969), about four door-to-door Bible salesmen, and Gimme Shelter (1970), which covered the 1969…
- Maysville (Kentucky, United States)
Maysville, city, seat (1848) of Mason county, northeastern Kentucky, U.S. It lies at the confluence of Limestone Creek and the Ohio River, there bridged (1931) to Aberdeen, Ohio. The town was established as Limestone in 1787 at the site of a tavern operated (1786–89) by frontiersman Daniel Boone
- Mayta Capac (Inca emperor)
Inca: History: …reign of the fourth emperor, Mayta Capac (Mayta Qhapaq), in the 14th century, there was little to distinguish the Inca from the many other tribes inhabiting small domains throughout the Andes. Under Mayta Capac the Inca began to expand, attacking and looting the villages of neighboring peoples and probably assessing…
- Mayta Qhapaq (Inca emperor)
Inca: History: …reign of the fourth emperor, Mayta Capac (Mayta Qhapaq), in the 14th century, there was little to distinguish the Inca from the many other tribes inhabiting small domains throughout the Andes. Under Mayta Capac the Inca began to expand, attacking and looting the villages of neighboring peoples and probably assessing…
- Maytag, Frederick L. (American inventor)
Newton: Newton was where Frederick L. Maytag invented a “hand power” washing machine (1907) and his motor-driven washer (1911), which revolutionized the industry.
- Maytals, the (Jamaican music group)
Toots and the Maytals, highly popular Jamaican vocal ensemble of the 1960s and ’70s, regarded as one of the great early reggae groups. The members were Toots Hibbert (original name Frederick Hibbert; b. December 8, 1942, Maypen, Jamaica—d. September 11, 2020, Kingston), Nathaniel (“Jerry”) Matthias
- Maytime (film by Leonard [1937])
Robert Z. Leonard: Dancing Lady to Ziegfeld Girl: …five consecutive musicals with her: Maytime (1937), an enormously popular version of the old Broadway show, with MacDonald as an opera star who marries her voice instructor (John Barrymore) but later falls in love with a fellow performer (Nelson Eddy, her frequent costar); The Firefly (1937), which less successfully installed…
- Maytrees, The (novel by Dillard)
Annie Dillard: The novel The Maytrees (2007) takes as its subjects Lou and Toby Maytree, a married couple living on Cape Cod. The Abundance: Narrative Essays Old and New was released in 2016.
- Mayumba (Gabon)
Mayumba, town and Atlantic seaport of southwestern Gabon, at the tip of a spit of land sheltering the long, narrow Mbanio Lagoon. The port handles lumber exports from the region’s equatorial forest. Offshore oil has been exploited between Mayumba and Port-Gentil, 230 miles (370 km) to the
- Mayurasharman (Indian ruler)
Kadamba family: …unknown, describes the dynastic founder, Mayurasharman, as a learned Brahman who, after being insulted by a Pallava official, took up a military career and acquired sufficient territory to bargain with the Pallavas for a feudal principality on the western coast. His son Kangavarman, who assumed the title Dharmamaharajadhiraja (“Lawful King…
- Mayūrqah (island, Spain)
Majorca, island, Balearic Islands provincia (province) and comunidad autónoma (autonomous community), Spain. Majorca is the largest of the Balearic Islands, which lie in the western Mediterranean Sea. It contains two mountainous regions, each about 50 miles (80 km) in length and occupying the
- Mayweather, Floyd, Jr. (American boxer)
Floyd Mayweather, Jr. is an American boxer whose combination of speed, power, and technical prowess made him one of the best pound-for-pound fighters of all time. (Read Gene Tunney’s 1929 Britannica essay on boxing.) Mayweather earned the nickname “Pretty Boy” during his amateur career because of
- Mayweather, Roger (American boxer)
Pernell Whitaker: …by judges’ scoring) over American Roger Mayweather to take the North American Boxing Federation (NABF) lightweight title. Although he lost a 12-round decision to José Luis Ramírez of Mexico for the World Boxing Council (WBC) lightweight title on March 12, 1988, Whitaker came back to win the International Boxing Federation…
- mayweed (plant)
chamomile: Mayweed, or stinking chamomile (A. cotula), is a strong-smelling weed that has been used in medicines and insecticides.
- Maywood, Augusta (American ballerina)
Augusta Maywood was the first American ballerina to achieve international renown. Augusta Williams was the daughter of itinerant English actors. She acquired the name of her stepfather, the theatrical manager Robert Campbell Maywood, when she was three. She began studying ballet under Paul H.
- Mayyit, Al-Baḥr Al- (lake, Asia)
Dead Sea, landlocked salt lake between Israel and Jordan in southwestern Asia. Its eastern shore belongs to Jordan, and the southern half of its western shore belongs to Israel. The northern half of the western shore lies within the Palestinian West Bank and has been under Israeli occupation since
- Mazaca (Turkey)
Kayseri, city, central Turkey. It lies at an elevation of 3,422 feet (1,043 metres) on a flat plain below the foothills of the extinct volcano Mount Erciyes (ancient Mount Argaeus, 12,852 feet [3,917 metres]). The city is situated 165 miles (265 km) east-southeast of Ankara. It was originally known
- Mazaeus (Persian satrap)
Alexander the Great: Conquest of the Mediterranean coast and Egypt: …an advance force sent under Mazaeus to the Euphrates crossing, marched up the Tigris to oppose him. The decisive battle of the war was fought on October 31, on the plain of Gaugamela between Nineveh and Arbela. Alexander pursued the defeated Persian forces for 35 miles to Arbela, but Darius…
- Mazagan (Morocco)
El Jadida, Atlantic port city, north-central Morocco, lying about 55 miles (90 km) southwest of Casablanca. The settlement developed after 1502 around a Portuguese fort and, as Mazagan, became the centre of Portuguese settlement and their last stronghold (1769) against the Filālī (Alaouite)
- Mazahua language
Otomanguean languages: …family, spoken in Oaxaca; and Mazahua, of the Oto-Pamean family, spoken in the states of Michoacán and México. Many Otomanguean languages use a complex system of pitches or intonations to distinguish otherwise identical utterances.
- Mazama (deer)
brocket, any of several small deer constituting the genus Mazama of the family Cervidae (order Artiodactyla), and found from Mexico to South America. Timid browsers, brockets inhabit wooded areas and generally live alone or in pairs. There are about four species, among them the brown brocket (M.
- Mazama Ash (volcanic ash deposit)
Mazama Ash, volcanic ash deposit widely distributed in the northwestern United States and southwestern Canada. The ash was released by the eruption of Mount Mazama, the event that produced Crater Lake in Oregon, after the caldera beneath the mountain collapsed leaving a volcanic depression some 8
- Mazama, Mount (volcano, Oregon, United States)
Crater Lake: …diameter, is the remnant of Mount Mazama, a volcano that rose to probably 12,000 feet (3,700 metres) until an eruption about 7,700 years ago destroyed the upper portion. Subsequent lesser outbursts are indicated by cinder cones on the caldera floor; one of these, Wizard Island, rises 764 feet (233 metres)…
- Māzandarān (historical region, Iran)
Māzandarān, historic region of northern Iran, bordering the Caspian Sea on the north. An early Iranian civilization flourished in the beginning of the first millennium bc in Tabarestan (Māzandarān). It was overrun in about ad 720 by the Arab general Yezid ibn Mohallab and was the last part of Iran
- Mazanderan (historical region, Iran)
Māzandarān, historic region of northern Iran, bordering the Caspian Sea on the north. An early Iranian civilization flourished in the beginning of the first millennium bc in Tabarestan (Māzandarān). It was overrun in about ad 720 by the Arab general Yezid ibn Mohallab and was the last part of Iran
- Mazār-e Sharīf (Afghanistan)
Mazār-e Sharīf, city, northern Afghanistan, 35 miles (56 km) south of the border with Uzbekistan, at an elevation of 1,250 feet (380 meters). The town derives its name (meaning “tomb of the saint”) from the reputed tomb of ʿAlī, son-in-law of the Prophet Muhammad and an early leader of Islam, over
- Mazara (Italy)
Mazara del Vallo, town and episcopal see, Trapani provincia, western Sicily, Italy, at the mouth of the Mazaro River south of Trapani city. Of Phoenician origin, the town was later colonized by Greeks from nearby Selinus (modern Selinunte). It fell to the Carthaginians in 409 bc and subsequently to
- Mazara del Vallo (Italy)
Mazara del Vallo, town and episcopal see, Trapani provincia, western Sicily, Italy, at the mouth of the Mazaro River south of Trapani city. Of Phoenician origin, the town was later colonized by Greeks from nearby Selinus (modern Selinunte). It fell to the Carthaginians in 409 bc and subsequently to
- Mazarin Bible
Gutenberg Bible, the first complete book extant in the West and one of the earliest printed from movable type, so called after its printer, Johannes Gutenberg, who completed it about 1455 working at Mainz, Germany. The three-volume work, in Latin text, was printed in 42-line columns and, in its
- Mazarin cut (gem cut)
brilliant cut, method of faceting a diamond to take best advantage of the optical properties of the stone and produce a finished gem with the maximum fire and brilliancy. It is the most popular style of faceting for diamonds. A brilliant-cut stone is round in plan view and has 58 facets, 33 of
- Mazarin Tapestry (tapestry)
tapestry: 15th century: …Christ, popularly known as the Mazarin Tapestry (c. 1500), are characterized by their richness of effect.
- Mazarin, Jules, Cardinal (French cardinal and statesman)
Jules, Cardinal Mazarin was the first minister of France after Cardinal de Richelieu’s death in 1642. During the early years of King Louis XIV, he completed Richelieu’s work of establishing France’s supremacy among the European powers and crippling the opposition to the power of the monarchy at
- Mazarini, Giulio Raimondo (French cardinal and statesman)
Jules, Cardinal Mazarin was the first minister of France after Cardinal de Richelieu’s death in 1642. During the early years of King Louis XIV, he completed Richelieu’s work of establishing France’s supremacy among the European powers and crippling the opposition to the power of the monarchy at
- Mazars (international company)
Donald Trump: Other investigations: …records from Trump’s accounting firm, Mazars, which responded that it could not legally provide the desired records. The committee’s subsequent subpoena was challenged by Trump in a lawsuit against Mazars and the Oversight Committee but ultimately upheld by a U.S. district court and the Court of Appeals for the District…
- Mazartag Mountains (mountains, Asia)
Takla Makan Desert: Physiography: The arc-shaped Mazartag Mountains, located between the Hotan and Yarkand (Ye’erqiang) river valleys, arch toward the southwest. Some 90 miles (145 km) long and 2 to 3 miles (3 to 5 km) wide, and with a maximum height of 5,363 feet (1,635 metres), they rise an average…
- Mazaruni River (river, Guyana)
Mazaruni River, river in north central Guyana. Its headstreams arise in the Pakaraima Mountains of western Guyana and flow generally northward. Descending from the Guiana Highlands, the river turns southeastward as far as Issano and then curves northeastward to Bartica, where it is joined by the
- Mazarʾi (East African Omani dynasty)
Saʿīd ibn Sulṭān: Rise to power: …nominal, for at Mombasa the Mazarʾi family had set up a virtually independent dynasty. In 1822 Saʿīd sent an expedition that drove them from Pemba Island. A British naval force occupied Mombasa irregularly from 1824 to 1826, when the action was repudiated by the British government. In 1827 Saʿīd went…
- Mazatec (people)
Mazatec, Mesoamerican Indians of northern Oaxaca in southern Mexico. The region is mostly mountainous, with small valleys, and its flora and fauna are diverse. The Mazatec language is most closely related to those of the Chocho, Ixcatec, and Popoloca. The people are agricultural, depending
- Mazatecan languages
Oaxaca: languages, notably Zapotec, Mixtec, Mazatec, Chinantec, and Mixé. Agriculture and mining employ more than half of the workforce. The chief crops are corn (maize), wheat, coffee, sugarcane, tobacco, fibres, and tropical fruits. The mountains are veined with gold, silver, uranium, diamonds, and onyx, and mining is important. Services also…
- Mazatenango (Guatemala)
Mazatenango, town, southwestern Guatemala. It lies along the southward-flowing Sis River, on the southern piedmont of the central highlands, at an elevation of 1,217 feet (371 metres) above sea level. Mazatenango is an important commercial and manufacturing centre for the Pacific coastal lowlands
- Mazatlán (Mexico)
Mazatlán, city and port, southwestern Sinaloa estado (state), western north-central Mexico. It lies just south of the Gulf of California and directly east of the southern tip of the Baja California peninsula. Known for its beautiful beaches and warm, sunny weather, Mazatlán is a major resort
- Mazatzal Mountains (mountains, Arizona, United States)
Phoenix: City site: The Mazatzal Mountains rise to the northeast; the Verde River flows to the west of the mountains, entering the Salt River east of Phoenix.
- Mazatzal orogeny (geology)
Hudsonian orogeny: The Mazatzal orogeny in Arizona, the Black orogeny in South Dakota, and the Penokean orogeny in the southern part of the Lake Superior region may represent the Hudsonian event in the United States. Precambrian rocks in the Southern Province, which extends south-southwest of Lake Superior into…
- Mazda Motor Corporation (Japanese corporation)
Mazda Motor Corporation, a leading Japanese brand and automotive manufacturer, maker of Mazda passenger cars, trucks, and buses. The company is affiliated with the Sumitomo group. It is headquartered at Hiroshima. Founded in 1920 as a cork plant, the company acquired its Tōyō Kōgyō name in 1927. In
- Mazdak (Persian religious leader)
Zoroastrianism: The Sasanian period: …crisis under the impact of Mazdak. This reformer, whose doctrines were partly inspired by those of Mani, was granted an interview by Qobād—as Shāpūr I had received Mani a long time before, but with a more decisive success. Perhaps the king hoped that by abolishing property and the family he…
- Mazdakism (dualist religion)
Mazdakism, dualistic religion that rose to prominence in the late 5th century in Iran from obscure origins. According to some scholars, Mazdakism was a reform movement seeking an optimistic interpretation of the Manichaean dualism. Its founder appears to have been one Zaradust-e Khuragan; a
- maze (architecture)
labyrinth, system of intricate passageways and blind alleys. “Labyrinth” was the name given by the ancient Greeks and Romans to buildings, entirely or partly subterranean, containing a number of chambers and passages that rendered egress difficult. Later, especially from the European Renaissance
- Maze (rock formation, Utah, United States)
Canyonlands National Park: The Maze is remote, with dirt roads accessible only to four-wheel-drive vehicles. It borders the Island of the Sky and the Green River to the northeast and the Needles and the lower Colorado River to the southeast. The Colorado River, after its confluence with the Green,…
- maze (apparatus)
animal learning: Maze learning: In the psychologist’s laboratory, the primary method of studying spatial learning has been to put a rat in a maze and watch how it finds its way to the goal box, where it is fed. As befits the analytic (some would say sterile)…
- maze (mathematics)
number game: Mazes: A maze having only one entrance and one exit can be solved by placing one hand against either wall and keeping it there while traversing it; the exit can always be reached in this manner, although not necessarily by the shortest path. If the…
- Maze of Bones, The (novel by Riordan)
Rick Riordan: …authors—Riordan penned the first book, The Maze of Bones (2008), and cowrote the 11th installment, Vespers Rising (2011)—and includes additional cards and Internet gaming activities.
- Maze of Justice, The (novel by al-Ḥakīm)
Tawfīq al-Ḥakīm: …Yawmīyāt nāʾib fī al-aryāf (1937; The Maze of Justice), is a satire on Egyptian officialdom.
- Maze prison (prison, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom)
Maze prison, prison located 10 miles (16 km) west of Belfast, N.Ire., that was a symbolic centre of the struggle between unionists and nationalists during the “Troubles” in Northern Ireland in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Located on the site of a former Royal Air Force airfield, the
- Maze, the (prison, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom)
Maze prison, prison located 10 miles (16 km) west of Belfast, N.Ire., that was a symbolic centre of the struggle between unionists and nationalists during the “Troubles” in Northern Ireland in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Located on the site of a former Royal Air Force airfield, the
- Maze, Tina (Slovenian skier)
Tina Maze is a Slovenian Alpine skier whose four Olympic medals (two gold and two silver) made her the most-successful winter Olympian in the history of independent Slovenia. Maze began to ski when she was three years old and made her World Cup debut in 1999 at the age of 15, but she did not reach
- Mazeikiai (Lithuania)
Mazeikiai, town, northwestern Lithuania. It lies along the Virvyčia River. The first oil refinery in the Baltic states began operation in 1980 about 12 miles (20 km) northwest of the town, processing crude oil brought by a pipeline completed in 1977. The refinery was designed to supply fuel for a
- Mazenod, Charles-Joseph-Eugène de (French clergyman)
Oblates of Mary Immaculate: …Missionary Society of Provence by Charles-Joseph-Eugène de Mazenod. By preaching to the poor, especially in rural areas, Mazenod hoped to renew the life of the church after the French Revolution. On Feb. 17, 1826, Pope Leo XII gave approval to the congregation, henceforth known as the Oblates of Mary Immaculate.…
- Mazepa, Ivan (Ukrainian Cossack leader)
Ivan Mazepa was the hetman (leader) of Cossack-controlled Ukraine who turned against the Russians and joined the Swedes during the Second Northern War (1700–21). Having served as a page at the court of the Polish king John Casimir, Mazepa was educated in western Europe but returned to his native
- Mazepa, Ivan Stepanovych (Ukrainian Cossack leader)
Ivan Mazepa was the hetman (leader) of Cossack-controlled Ukraine who turned against the Russians and joined the Swedes during the Second Northern War (1700–21). Having served as a page at the court of the Polish king John Casimir, Mazepa was educated in western Europe but returned to his native
- Mazeppa, Ivan (Ukrainian Cossack leader)
Ivan Mazepa was the hetman (leader) of Cossack-controlled Ukraine who turned against the Russians and joined the Swedes during the Second Northern War (1700–21). Having served as a page at the court of the Polish king John Casimir, Mazepa was educated in western Europe but returned to his native
- mazer (metalwork)
mazer, medieval drinking bowl of turned (shaped on a lathe) wood, usually spotted maple. The oldest extant examples, dating from the early 14th century, are mounted with silver or silver-gilt bands around the lip and foot and have an engraved or enameled embossed medallion, called a print or boss,
- Mazeroski, Bill (American baseball player)
Pittsburgh Pirates: …1960 World Series dramatically with Bill Mazeroski’s game-winning home run in the ninth inning of the seventh game. In the 1970s the Pirates left Forbes Field, their home for more than 60 years, to play in Three Rivers Stadium, where the power hitting of Willie Stargell and Dave Parker helped…
- Mazhilis (Kazakhstan government)
Kazakhstan: Constitutional framework: …of a Senate and an Assembly (Mäjılıs). Working jointly, the two chambers have the authority to amend the constitution, approve the budget, ratify treaties, and declare war; each chamber also has exclusive powers. Legislators serve four-year terms. Two members of the Senate are elected from each oblast and major city…
- Mazhur Desert (desert, Saudi Arabia)
Arabia: Al-Nafūd (Great Nafūd): …where they enter either the Mazhur sand dunes, the first of the deserts lying west of the Ṭuwayq Mountains, or Al-Dahnāʾ.
- Mazia, Daniel (American biologist)
Daniel Mazia was an American cell biologist who was notable for his work in nuclear and cellular physiology, especially the mechanisms involved in mitosis (the process by which the chromosomes within the nucleus of a cell double and divide prior to cell division). Mazia was educated at the
- Mazière, Lothar de (German politician)
Germany: The Christian Democratic parties: …by a large mandate, with Lothar de Maizière as minister president presiding over the six-month transitional period to unification.
- Māzinī, Ibrāhīm al- (Muslim author)
Islamic arts: Poetry: …included the poet and essayist Ibrāhīm al-Māzinī (died 1949) and the prolific writer of poetry and prose ʿAbbās Maḥmūd al-ʿAqqād (died 1964).
- Mazorca (Argentine political group)
Mazorca, (Spanish: “ear of corn”), political group that supported Juan Manuel de Rosas, the governor of Buenos Aires provincia in Argentina during 1829–32 and dictator during 1835–52. The ear of corn was a symbol of the group’s unity, but opponents said the group’s name should be spelled más horca
- Mazovia (region, Poland)
Mazovia, lowland territory in east-central Poland, located west of Podlasia in the basin of the middle Vistula and lower Bug rivers. Mazovia included the Płock-Ciechanów region (to which the name Mazovia originally referred) as well as the regions of Sochaczew, Grójec (formerly Grodziec), and
- Mazovian (language)
Poland: Languages of Poland: …Polish (spoken in the southeast), Mazovian, and Silesian (Śleżanie). Mazovian shares some features with Kashubian, whose remaining speakers number only a few thousand, which is a small percentage of the ethnic Kashubians in the country.
- Mazovian Lowland (valley, Poland)
Mazovian Lowland, valley district, east-central Poland. Located in the eastern part of the central lowlands, it is directly south of the Masurian Lakeland and west of the Podlasian Lowland along the border with Belarus. The distinctive feature of this sinuous valley is its marshy floodplain, which
- Mazovian rug
rug and carpet: Eastern Europe: Knotted Mazovian rugs of East Prussia show the strongest Oriental influence, though at the same time they are deeply rooted in peasant traditions. Many other textiles untouched by west European influence, however, came from southeast Poland, Ukraine, and southern Russia; some are characterized by ancient textile…
- Mazowiecka, Nizina (valley, Poland)
Mazovian Lowland, valley district, east-central Poland. Located in the eastern part of the central lowlands, it is directly south of the Masurian Lakeland and west of the Podlasian Lowland along the border with Belarus. The distinctive feature of this sinuous valley is its marshy floodplain, which
- Mazowiecki, Tadeusz (prime minister of Poland)
Tadeusz Mazowiecki was a Polish journalist and Solidarity official who in 1989 became the first noncommunist premier of an eastern European country since the late 1940s. After studying law at the University of Warsaw, Mazowiecki entered journalism and became prominent among Poland’s liberal young
- Mazowieckie (province, Poland)
Mazowieckie, województwo (province), east-central Poland. It is bounded by the provinces of Warmińsko-Mazurskie to the north, Podlaskie to the northeast, Lubelskie to the southeast, Świętokrzyskie to the south, Łódzkie to the southwest, and Kujawsko-Pomorskie to the northwest. Created in 1999 as
- Mazowsze (region, Poland)
Mazovia, lowland territory in east-central Poland, located west of Podlasia in the basin of the middle Vistula and lower Bug rivers. Mazovia included the Płock-Ciechanów region (to which the name Mazovia originally referred) as well as the regions of Sochaczew, Grójec (formerly Grodziec), and
- Mazowsze Lowland (valley, Poland)
Mazovian Lowland, valley district, east-central Poland. Located in the eastern part of the central lowlands, it is directly south of the Masurian Lakeland and west of the Podlasian Lowland along the border with Belarus. The distinctive feature of this sinuous valley is its marshy floodplain, which
- Mazrui (East African Omani dynasty)
Saʿīd ibn Sulṭān: Rise to power: …nominal, for at Mombasa the Mazarʾi family had set up a virtually independent dynasty. In 1822 Saʿīd sent an expedition that drove them from Pemba Island. A British naval force occupied Mombasa irregularly from 1824 to 1826, when the action was repudiated by the British government. In 1827 Saʿīd went…
- Mazrui, Ali Al Amin (Kenyan-American political scientist)
Ali Al Amin Mazrui was a Kenyan American political scientist who was widely regarded as one of East Africa’s foremost political scholars. Mazrui, the son of a prominent Islamic judge, received a scholarship to study in England at Manchester University (B.A., 1960). He continued his education at
- Mazu Dao (island, East China Sea)
Matsu Island, small island under the jurisdiction of Taiwan in the East China Sea, lying off the Min River estuary of mainland China and about 130 miles (210 km) northwest of Chi-lung (Keelung), Taiwan. Matsu is the main island of a group of 19, the Matsu Islands, which constitute Lien-kiang
- Mazumdar, Anita (Indian author)
Anita Desai is an English-language Indian novelist and author of children’s books who excels in evoking character and mood through visual images ranging from the meteorologic to the botanical. Born to a German mother and Bengali father, Desai grew up speaking German, Hindi, and English. She
- Mazumdar, Kiran (Indian businesswoman)
Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw is an Indian businesswoman who, as chairman and managing director (1978– ) of Biocon India Group, led a pioneering enterprise that utilized India’s homegrown scientific talent to make breakthroughs in clinical research. The daughter of a brewmaster for India-based United
- Mazumdar-Shaw, Kiran (Indian businesswoman)
Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw is an Indian businesswoman who, as chairman and managing director (1978– ) of Biocon India Group, led a pioneering enterprise that utilized India’s homegrown scientific talent to make breakthroughs in clinical research. The daughter of a brewmaster for India-based United
- Mažuranić, Ivan (Croatian author)
Croatian literature: …poems of Stanko Vraz and Ivan Mažuranić. The latter was best known for his longer narrative poem Smrt Smail-age Čengića (1846; The Death of Smail Aga), written in the tradition of oral epic poetry and showing South Slavic allegiance by taking as its subject the struggle of Montenegrins against the…