gribble: …the Pacific and Indian oceans; L. saseboensis is found on the Atlantic coast of the southeastern United States and on the coast of Japan.

gribble: L. tripunctata occurs in the Atlantic Ocean from New England (U.S.) to Venezuela and in the Pacific Ocean from California to Mexico. It even penetrates wood that has been impregnated with creosote, an offensive chemical that repels most wood-boring invertebrates. L. pfefferi is found in…

Lemnos, isolated Greek island and dímos (municipality), North Aegean (Modern Greek: Vóreio Aigaío) periféreia (region), Greece. It is situated in the Aegean Sea, midway between Mount Áthos (Ágio) in northeastern mainland Greece and the Turkish coast. Composed mainly of volcanic rock, its western

Limnoscelis, extinct genus of tetrapod that appeared very close to the origin of amniotes (mammals, birds, or reptiles). It may have been a stem form from which more advanced reptiles may have descended. It occurs as fossils in Permian rocks (those 251 million to 299 million years old) of North

Limoges, city, capital of Haute-Vienne département and of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine région, southeastern France (formerly in the province of Limousin), south-southwest of Paris, on the right bank of the Vienne River. Capital of the Lemovices, a Gallic tribe, Limoges was an important Roman centre, with

Limoges painted enamel, any of the enamelled products made in Limoges, France, and generally considered the finest painted enamelware produced in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries. Limoges enamels are largely the work of a few families, such as the Pénicaud, Limosin, and Reymond families. The

Limoges ware, porcelain, largely servicewares, produced in Limoges, Fr., from the 18th century. Faience (tin-glazed earthenware) of mediocre quality was produced there after 1736, but the manufacture of hard-paste, or true, porcelain dates only from 1771. The manufacturers took advantage of being

Limoges: …is the seat of the Université de Limoges (founded 1808; suppressed 1840; reopened 1965) and is a bishopric. Pop. (1999) 133,968; (2014 est.) 134,577.

bivalve: Annotated classification: Order Limoida Shell equivalve, ovally elongate, ribbed, often thin and transparent, with outer foliated calcite and inner crossed-lamellar aragonitic layers; hinge short and edentulous; monomyarian; ctenidia pseudolamellibranch, encircling the adductor; palps small and lips of mouth variably fused; mantle margins unfused and often red, with long…

loess, an unstratified, geologically recent deposit of silty or loamy material that is usually buff or yellowish brown in colour and is chiefly deposited by the wind. Loess is a sedimentary deposit composed largely of silt-size grains that are loosely cemented by calcium carbonate. It is usually

Limón, city and port, eastern Costa Rica. It is located on an open roadstead of the Caribbean Sea near the landfall sighted by Christopher Columbus in 1503. The waters there are deep enough for large ships, and a sandbar offers some protection for the port. In the colonial era, the port was used by

Limón Bay, natural harbour of the Caribbean Sea, in Panama at the north end of the Panama Canal. Approximately 4.5 miles (7 km) long and 2.5 miles wide, it is protected from storms by breakwaters at its entrance. The bay serves as a waiting area for ships about to enter the canal. On its eastern

Ada Limón is an American poet who is best known for creating intimacy with readers through her emotional sincerity and thoughtful observations of nature and humans’ place within it. In 2022 she was named the 24th poet laureate of the United States, becoming the first Hispanic American woman to hold

José Limón was a Mexican-born American modern dancer and choreographer who expanded the repertoire of modern dance in works that explored the strengths and weaknesses of the human character. Discouraged by his progress as an art student, Limón in 1930 began to study dance with Doris Humphrey and

José Limón was a Mexican-born American modern dancer and choreographer who expanded the repertoire of modern dance in works that explored the strengths and weaknesses of the human character. Discouraged by his progress as an art student, Limón in 1930 began to study dance with Doris Humphrey and

limoncello, tangy, sweet, and fragrant liqueur of Italian origin made from lemon zest. Limoncello is mainly produced in southern Italy, particularly around the Amalfi coast, Sicily, and the Bay of Naples. It is traditionally served chilled as an after-dinner digestif. Limoncello can also be used to

Armenian chant: …Armenian from Constantinople (now Istanbul), Baba Hampartsoum Limondjian, proposed another reform and modernization of the musical notation along the lines of the contemporary notational reform in the Greek church (which allowed more precise indication of pitch). In its present-day performance, Armenian chant consists of intricate melodies with great rhythmic variety,…

limonene, a colourless liquid abundant in the essential oils of pine and citrus trees and used as a lemonlike odorant in industrial and household products and as a chemical intermediate. Limonene exists in two isomeric forms (compounds with the same molecular formula—in this case, C10H16—but with

limonite, one of the major iron minerals, hydrated ferric oxide (FeO(OH)·nH2O). It was originally considered one of a series of such oxides; later it was thought to be the amorphous equivalent of goethite and lepidocrocite, but X-ray studies have shown that most so-called limonite is actually

sea lavender, (genus Limonium), genus of about 300 species of chiefly perennial herbaceous plants of the family Plumbaginaceae. The plants are found in North America, Eurasia, Africa, and Australia, most members being found around the Mediterranean region. Sea lavenders tolerate saline soils and

sea lavender: Major species: A few species, including tree sea lavender (L. arborescens) of Tenerife, are tall and shrubby.

sea lavender: Major species: Wavy-leaf sea lavender (L. sinuatum) is one of several species cultivated for use as cut flowers in the floral industry. A few species, including tree sea lavender (L. arborescens) of Tenerife, are tall and shrubby.

sea lavender: Major species: …or common, sea lavender (Limonium vulgare). Bearing small flowers in dense spikes, it grows naturally in large tracts that sometimes turn acres lilac-coloured in late summer. It is a popular ornamental in warm climates. Wavy-leaf sea lavender (L. sinuatum) is one of several species cultivated for use as cut…

godwit, any of four species of large, long-billed shorebirds of the genus Limosa, family Scolopacidae, named for its whistling call. Godwits are generally reddish brown in summer and grayish in winter; all nest in the Northern Hemisphere. The black-tailed godwit (L. limosa), about 40 centimetres

godwit: …other North American form, the marbled godwit (L. fedoa), with slightly upturned bill and pinkish brown underwings, is fairly common; it undergoes little seasonal colour change. Slightly smaller is the bar-tailed godwit (L. lapponica), of the Eurasian and Alaskan tundra. Some members of the subspecies L. lapponica bauri are capable…

godwit: …America a smaller form, the Hudsonian godwit (L. haemastica), declined in population from overshooting to an estimated 2,000 survivors, but it may be reviving. The other North American form, the marbled godwit (L. fedoa), with slightly upturned bill and pinkish brown underwings, is fairly common; it undergoes little seasonal colour…

godwit: Slightly smaller is the bar-tailed godwit (L. lapponica), of the Eurasian and Alaskan tundra. Some members of the subspecies L. lapponica bauri are capable of migrating nonstop from Alaska to New Zealand.

godwit: Some members of the subspecies L. lapponica bauri are capable of migrating nonstop from Alaska to New Zealand.

godwit: The black-tailed godwit (L. limosa), about 40 centimetres (16 inches) long including the bill, has a black-banded, white tail. The bill is long and straight. The black-tailed godwit, which breeds in Iceland and on wet plains across Eurasia, is the emblem of the Netherlands Ornithological Union.…

Léonard Limosin was a French painter especially known for the revealing realism of his portraits painted in enamel. Limosin was the most accomplished member of one of the best-known families of enamelers working in Limoges during the 16th century. His early works were influenced by German

livestock farming: Beef cattle breeds: The Limousin breed, which originated in west central France, is second in importance to the Charolais as a European meat breed. Limousin cattle, often longer, finer boned, and slightly smaller than the Charolais, are also heavily muscled and relatively free from excessive deposits of fat.

Limousin, historical region and former région of France. As a région, it encompassed the central départements of Corrèze, Haute-Vienne, and Creuse. In 2016 the Limousin région was joined with the régions of Poitou-Charentes and Aquitaine to form the new administrative entity of Nouvelle Aquitaine.

Occitan language: …the area itself, the names Lemosí (Limousin) and Proensal (Provençal) were formerly used, but those names were too localized to designate the whole range of dialects. The name Provençal originally referred to the Occitan dialects of the Provence region and is used also to refer to the standardized medieval literary…

Léonard Limosin was a French painter especially known for the revealing realism of his portraits painted in enamel. Limosin was the most accomplished member of one of the best-known families of enamelers working in Limoges during the 16th century. His early works were influenced by German

nu metal: …popularly by the bands Korn, Limp Bizkit, Slipknot, the Deftones, Evanescence, and Linkin Park. American music producer Ross Robinson is often credited with helping bring nu metal into the mainstream and onto radio station playlists.

limpet, any of various snails (class Gastropoda, phylum Mollusca) having a flattened shell. Most marine species cling to rocks near shore. A common American species is the Atlantic plate limpet (Acmaea testudinalis) of cold waters; the common species of Britain and northern Europe is Patella

converso: …of purity of blood (limpieza de sangre) which further strengthened the laws against anyone of Jewish ancestry and were more racial than religious in nature. It was not until the late 19th and early 20th centuries that some of the legalized prejudice against Jews in Spain was modified.

family law: Divorce: …family law is the “limping” relationship—when a person is regarded as married by one country and as single by another, or when a child is regarded as legitimate by one country and as illegitimate by another. One reason why a country may restrict the recognition of divorces is that…

Maurice Gee: Children’s books: >The Limping Man (2010) was lauded for its unsparing descriptions and careful characterizations. In The Severed Land (2017) a girl who has escaped slavery and a revenge-seeking drummer boy join forces to undertake a perilous quest. Gee later published the memoir Memory Pieces (2018).

limpkin, (species Aramus guarauna), large swamp bird of the American tropics, sole member of the family Aramidae (order Gruiformes). The bird is about 70 cm (28 inches) long and is coloured brown with white spots. The limpkin’s most distinctive characteristics are its loud, prolonged, wailing cry

Limpopo, province, northeastern South Africa. The northernmost South African province, it is bounded by Zimbabwe to the north; Mozambique to the east; the provinces of Mpumalanga, Gauteng, and North West to the south; and Botswana to the west and northwest. Limpopo (known as Northern in 1994–2002)

Precambrian: Occurrence and distribution of Precambrian rocks: …of Proterozoic age include the Limpopo, Mozambique, and Damaran belts in Africa, the Labrador Trough in Canada, and the Eastern Ghats belt in India. Several small relict areas, spanning a few hundred kilometres across, exist within or against Phanerozoic orogenic belts and include the Lofoten

veld: Animal life: One such park is the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park, which links Kruger National Park in South Africa with Limpopo National Park in Mozambique and Gonarezhou National Park in Zimbabwe. The lion, leopard, cheetah, giraffe, elephant, hippopotamus, oryx, kudu, eland, sable antelope, and roan antelope survive only in or near such…

Limpopo River, river in southeast Africa that rises as the Krokodil (Crocodile) River in the Witwatersrand, South Africa, and flows on a semicircular course first northeast and then east for about 1,100 miles (1,800 km) to the Indian Ocean. From its source the river flows northward to the

Niue: Land and people: …and pools such as the Limu Pools on the northwest edge of the island.

skeleton: Skeletomusculature of arthropods: In Limulus, the horseshoe crab, muscles from the anterior margin of the coxa (the leg segment nearest the body) are inserted on the endosternite, as are other muscles from the posterior margin.

horseshoe crab: Biomedical applications: …Jack Levin, to develop the Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) test for the presence of gram-negative bacteria in injections during the 1960s. This test, which was cleared by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 1973 and first licensed in 1977, protects people from much of the harmful bacteria that could…

horseshoe crab: Natural history: …is the single American species Limulus polyphemus, specimens of which can reach a length of more than 60 cm (2 feet), though males and females typically average lengths of 36.6–38.1 cm (14–15 inches) and 45.7–48.3 cm (18–19 inches) respectively. The other three species—the Japanese, or tri-spine, horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus),…

Li Bai: …the military expedition of Prince Lin, the emperor’s 16th son. The prince was soon accused of intending to establish an independent kingdom and was executed; Li Bai was arrested and imprisoned at Jiujiang. In the summer of 758 he was banished to Yelang; before he arrived there, he benefited from…

Lin Biao was a Chinese military leader who, as a field commander of the Red Army, contributed to the communists’ 22-year struggle for power and held many high government and party posts. He played a prominent role in the first several years of the Cultural Revolution (1966–76), but in 1971 he

Lin Fengmian was a Chinese painter and art educator who sought to blend the best of both Eastern and Western art. The son of a painter, Lin learned traditional Chinese painting techniques as a child. After graduating from high school, he moved to France, where he studied European painting at the

Lin Fengmian was a Chinese painter and art educator who sought to blend the best of both Eastern and Western art. The son of a painter, Lin learned traditional Chinese painting techniques as a child. After graduating from high school, he moved to France, where he studied European painting at the

Lin Yutang was a prolific writer of a wide variety of works in Chinese and English; in the 1930s he founded several Chinese magazines specializing in social satire and Western-style journalism. Lin, the son of a Chinese Presbyterian minister, was educated for the ministry but renounced Christianity

China: Struggle for the premiership: …1971 until Lin Biao’s son, Lin Liguo, evidently began to put together plans for a possible coup against Mao should this prove the only way to save his father’s position.

Lin Biao was a Chinese military leader who, as a field commander of the Red Army, contributed to the communists’ 22-year struggle for power and held many high government and party posts. He played a prominent role in the first several years of the Cultural Revolution (1966–76), but in 1971 he

Lin Shu was a Chinese translator who first made available to Chinese readers more than 180 works of Western literature, even though he himself had no firsthand knowledge of any foreign language. Working through oral interpreters, Lin Shu translated fiction from England, the United States, France,

Lin Fengmian was a Chinese painter and art educator who sought to blend the best of both Eastern and Western art. The son of a painter, Lin learned traditional Chinese painting techniques as a child. After graduating from high school, he moved to France, where he studied European painting at the

Lin Shu was a Chinese translator who first made available to Chinese readers more than 180 works of Western literature, even though he himself had no firsthand knowledge of any foreign language. Working through oral interpreters, Lin Shu translated fiction from England, the United States, France,

Lin Zexu was a leading Chinese scholar and official of the Qing (Manchu) dynasty, known for his role in the events leading up to the first Opium War (1839–42) between Britain and China. He was a proponent of the revitalization of traditional Chinese thought and institutions, a movement that became

Lin Shu was a Chinese translator who first made available to Chinese readers more than 180 works of Western literature, even though he himself had no firsthand knowledge of any foreign language. Working through oral interpreters, Lin Shu translated fiction from England, the United States, France,

anthropology: Anthropology in Asia: Fei Xiaotong and Lin Yaohua, who would become well known respectively for their Peasant Life in China: A Field Study of Country Life in the Yangtze Valley (1939; reissued 1980) and The Golden Wing: A Family Chronicle (1944; reissued in 1998 as The Golden Wing: A Sociological Study…

Lin Yutang was a prolific writer of a wide variety of works in Chinese and English; in the 1930s he founded several Chinese magazines specializing in social satire and Western-style journalism. Lin, the son of a Chinese Presbyterian minister, was educated for the ministry but renounced Christianity

Lin Biao was a Chinese military leader who, as a field commander of the Red Army, contributed to the communists’ 22-year struggle for power and held many high government and party posts. He played a prominent role in the first several years of the Cultural Revolution (1966–76), but in 1971 he

Lin Yutang was a prolific writer of a wide variety of works in Chinese and English; in the 1930s he founded several Chinese magazines specializing in social satire and Western-style journalism. Lin, the son of a Chinese Presbyterian minister, was educated for the ministry but renounced Christianity

Lin Zexu was a leading Chinese scholar and official of the Qing (Manchu) dynasty, known for his role in the events leading up to the first Opium War (1839–42) between Britain and China. He was a proponent of the revitalization of traditional Chinese thought and institutions, a movement that became

Hangzhou, city and capital of Zhejiang sheng (province), China. The city is located in the northern part of the province on the north bank of the Qiantang River estuary at the head of Hangzhou Bay. It has water communications with the interior of Zhejiang to the south, is the southern terminus of

Milky Way Galaxy: The spiral arms: The American astronomers Chia-Chiao Lin and Frank H. Shu showed that a spiral shape is a natural result of any large-scale disturbance of the density distribution of stars in a galactic disk. When the interaction of the stars with one another is calculated, it is found that the…

Grace Lin is an American author and illustrator of picture books, books for early readers, and middle-school novels. Lin often includes aspects of Taiwanese and Chinese culture in her works. Her novel Where the Mountain Meets the Moon (2009) was named a Newbery Honor Book in 2010, and her picture

Maya Lin is an American architect and sculptor concerned with environmental themes who is best known for her design of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C. The daughter of intellectuals who had fled China in 1948, Lin received a bachelor’s degree in 1981 from Yale University in New

Victor Ambros: Lin-4 and miRNA: …with a gene known as lin-14. Although it was apparent to Ambros and others that lin-4 somehow regulates lin-14 activity, the mechanism was a mystery.

Victor Ambros: Lin-4 and miRNA: In the late 1980s, after joining the faculty at Harvard University, Ambros studied more deeply a strain of C. elegans that carries a mutation in a gene known as lin-4. Lin-4 exerts temporal control over developmental events in C. elegans larvae by…

Rinzai, one of two major Zen Buddhist sects in Japan; it stresses the abrupt awakening of transcendental wisdom, or enlightenment. Among the methods it practices are shouts (katsu) or blows delivered by the master on the disciple, question-and-answer sessions (mondo), and meditation on paradoxical

Linfen, city, southern Shanxi sheng (province), China. It is situated on the east bank of the Fen River about 140 miles (220 km) south of Taiyuan, the provincial capital. The Fen River valley was one of the earliest centres of Chinese civilization, being the site of well-developed prehistoric

Linzi, former town, central Shandong sheng (province), eastern China. Since 1955 it has been a part of the city of Zibo, becoming a district of that city in 1969. Linzi district is situated on the west bank of the Zi River, a tributary of the Xiaoqing River, some 19 miles (30 km) east of Zhangdian

Champa, ancient Indochinese kingdom lasting from the 2nd to the 17th century ce and extending over the central and southern coastal region of Vietnam from roughly the 18th parallel in the north to Point Ke Ga (Cape Varella) in the south. Established by the Cham, a people of Malayo-Polynesian stock

linear accelerator, type of particle accelerator (q.v.) that imparts a series of relatively small increases in energy to subatomic particles as they pass through a sequence of alternating electric fields set up in a linear structure. The small accelerations add together to give the particles a

Linaceae, the flax family, comprising about 14 genera of herbaceous plants and shrubs, in the order Malpighiales, of cosmopolitan distribution. The genus Linum includes flax, perhaps the most important member of the family, grown for linen fibre and linseed oil and as a garden ornamental.

Thomas Linacre was an English physician, classical scholar, founder and first president of the Royal College of Physicians of London. Educated at the University of Oxford (1480–84), Linacre traveled extensively through Italy (1485–97), studying Greek and Latin classics under several noted scholars,

Fra Angelico: San Domenico period: …Linaiuoli; hence its name, the Linaiuoli Altarpiece); it is dated July 11, 1433. Enclosed in a marble shrine designed by the Florentine sculptor Lorenzo Ghiberti, this altarpiece represents the Virgin and Son facing forward, monumentally, and, surrounding them in a minor key, charming angels, developing the motif of the “Madonna…

Linares, city, central Chile. It lies inland, 60 miles (100 km) from the Pacific coast, in the fertile Central Valley. Founded in 1755 as San Javier de Bella Isla, it was renamed San Ambrosio de Linares in 1794, and its present name became official in 1875. The city is a commercial and agricultural

Linares, town, north-central Jaén provincia (province), situated in the comunidad autonóma (autonomous community) of Andalusia, southern Spain, in the southern foothills of the Sierra Morena just northwest of the Guadalimar River. The town is connected by branch railways with lead mines on its

toadflax, (genus Linaria), genus of nearly 200 herbaceous flowering plants in the family Plantaginaceae native to the north temperate zone, particularly the Mediterranean region. The common name toadflax refers to their flax-like leaves, and the flowers are two-lipped and spurred like snapdragons.

toadflax: From North Africa come the cloven-lip toadflax (L. bipartita) and purple-net toadflax (L. reticulata), both of which have purple and orange bicoloured flowers.

toadflax: …in the genus Nuttallanthus, including blue, or old-field, toadflax (N. canadensis, formerly L. canadensis), a delicate light blue flowering plant found throughout North America.

toadflax: bipartita) and purple-net toadflax (L. reticulata), both of which have purple and orange bicoloured flowers.

butter-and-eggs, (Linaria vulgaris), perennial herbaceous plant of the Plantaginaceae family, native to Eurasia. The plant is widely naturalized in North America, where it is considered an invasive species. Butter-and-eggs grows up to 1 metre (3.3 feet) tall, bears narrow flax-like leaves, and

airport: Evolution of airports: …but the artificial lake at Linate Airport near Milan, Italy, is still to be found close to the present administration facilities.

Atacama: …of the Atacama was called Cunza, or Lincan Antai, of which a vocabulary of about 1,100 words has been recorded.

Tim Lincecum is an American baseball player who was a star pitcher for the San Francisco Giants in the early 21st century. He earned the nickname “The Freak” for his unconventional pitching delivery that involved a high-kicking windup, an extraordinarily long stride down the mound, and a whiplike

Tim Lincecum is an American baseball player who was a star pitcher for the San Francisco Giants in the early 21st century. He earned the nickname “The Freak” for his unconventional pitching delivery that involved a high-kicking windup, an extraordinarily long stride down the mound, and a whiplike

sea star: …of the chiefly Indo-Pacific genus Linckia can grow a new individual from a small piece of a single arm.

Lincoln, county, south central New Mexico, U.S. It is a rugged region in the Basin and Range Province, with green hills and large plains surrounding and separating high mountain ranges. The plains are eroded, with canyons and the beds of dry streams; the tree-covered mountains include the Sierra

Tillamook, city, seat (1873) of Tillamook county, northwestern Oregon, U.S., on the Trask River, at the head of Tillamook Bay, an inlet of the Pacific Ocean. Founded in 1851, the settlement was known successively as Lincoln and Hoquarton before being named in 1885 for the local Tillamook Indians.

Lincoln: …the county also includes the Lincoln and Cibola national forests, White Mountain Wilderness, Lincoln State Monument, and Smokey Bear Capitan Historical State Park.

Lincoln, city, seat (1853) of Logan county, central Illinois, U.S. It lies about 30 miles (50 km) northeast of Springfield. Founded in 1853, the city was named for Abraham Lincoln, then a Springfield attorney, who handled the legalities of its founding and christened it with the juice of a

Lincoln, county, southern Maine, U.S. It is located in a coastal region bounded on the south by Sheepscot and Muscongus bays and includes several islands in the Atlantic Ocean; the coastline is deeply indented. The county is drained by the Eastern, Sheepscot, Damariscotta, and Medomak rivers.

Lincoln, city, capital and second largest city of Nebraska, U.S., and seat (1869) of Lancaster county, in the southeastern part of the state, about 60 miles (95 km) southwest of Omaha. Oto and Pawnee Indians were early inhabitants in the area. Settlers were drawn in the 1850s by the salt flats

Daniel Day-Lewis: Lincoln in Steven Spielberg’s biographical Lincoln (2012). For his nuanced performance in the latter film, he won an unprecedented third best-actor Oscar. Day-Lewis next starred as a fashion designer whose pursuit of perfection begets tension in his romantic relationships in Paul Thomas Anderson’s Phantom Thread (2017). For this role, which…

Lincoln, county, southeastern Nevada, U.S., bordering on Utah and Arizona and sited immediately north of Clark county (and the city of Las Vegas). A region of mountains (including the Pahroc, Groom, and Wilson Creek ranges) and desert, Lincoln county contains a large segment of Nellis Air Force

United Kingdom: Administration: By the year 98 Lincoln and Gloucester had joined Camulodunum as coloniae, and by 237 York had become a fourth. Coloniae of Roman citizens enjoyed autonomy with a constitution based on that of republican Rome, and Roman citizens had various privileges before the law. It is likely that Verulamium…