Koulountou River, chief tributary of the Gambia River, rising in the Fouta Djallon region of Guinea. It flows 140 miles (225 km) northward to join the Gambia above Barra Kunda Falls and the Gambia

WhatsApp: …2009 by Brian Acton and Jan Koum. Koum, a Ukrainian immigrant who had just begun attending classes at San Jose State University, and Acton, a Stanford-educated programmer, met while Acton was working for Internet pioneer Yahoo! in 1997. Koum was soon offered a job with the Mountain View, California-based company,…

Kumba, town located in southwestern Cameroon. It is situated about 40 miles (65 km) north-northwest of Doula. Kumba is an important regional transportation centre, connected by railway to Douala and by roads to Buea (south), Mamfe (north), Bafang (northeast), and Douala. Kumba is also a trade

Kumbi, last of the capitals of ancient Ghana, a great trading empire that flourished in western Africa from the 9th through the 13th century. Situated about 200 miles (322 km) north of modern Bamako, Mali, Kumbi at the height of its prosperity, before 1240, was the greatest city of western Africa

Khalkha: …mare’s milk, or airag, called kumys in Russian (koumiss).

Aléxandros Koumoundhoúros was a politician who was nine times prime minister of Greece between 1865 and 1882. He was known for his strong anti-Turkish policies. A native of the Peloponnese (Modern Greek: Pelopónnisos), Koumoundhoúros fought in the Cretan insurrection against the Turks (1841) and

Koundara, town, northwestern Guinea, on the road from Labé to Senegal and at the intersection of roads from Youkounkoun and Guinea-Bissau. It has replaced Youkounkoun, 15 miles (24 km) northeast, as the chief trading centre for cattle, chickens, rice, peanuts (groundnuts), millet, and corn (maize).

H-II Transfer Vehicle (HTV), uncrewed Japanese spacecraft that carries supplies to the International Space Station (ISS). The first HTV was launched from the Tanegashima Space Centre on Tanegashima Island, Kagoshima prefecture, on September 11, 2009. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency launched

Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara: …later became aide-de-camp to President Seyni Kountché. Extremely loyal to the president, Maïnassara was appointed commander of the Presidential Guard in 1976 and in 1978 was given charge of the army’s prestigious airborne regiment. He held a series of overseas posts, including military attaché to the Nigerois embassy in Paris…

War of Greek Independence: …guerrilla leader Theódoros Kolokotrónis and Geórgios Kountouriótis, who was head of the government that had been formed in January 1822 but that was forced to flee to the island of Hydra (Ýdra) in December 1822. After a second civil war (1824), Kountouriótis was firmly established as leader, but his government…

kouprey, (Bos sauveli), elusive wild ox (tribe Bovini, family Bovidae) of Indochina and one of the world’s most endangered large mammals, if it is not already extinct. Unknown to science until 1937, the kouprey was rare even then: no more than an estimated 2,000 existed in eastern Thailand,

Apaturia: …day was probably the third, Koureotis, when children born since the last festival were presented by their fathers or guardians; after an oath had been taken as to their legitimacy, their names were inscribed in the register.

Cyprus: Greek immigration: …ancient Greek kingdoms on Cyprus: Curium (Greek: Kourion), Paphos, Marion, Soli (Greek: Soloi), Lapithos, and Salamis. About 800 bce a Phoenician colony was founded at Citium (Greek: Kition), near modern Larnaca

Cyprus: Drainage and soils: …to Morphou Bay; and the Kouris flows southward to Episkopi Bay. The rivers are fed entirely from the runoff of winter precipitation; in summer they become dry courses. The island’s major soil types consist of imperfect, gravelly lithosols found in the Troodos and Kyrenia mountains and agriculturally productive vertisols located…

kouros, archaic Greek statue representing a young standing male. Although the influence of many nations can be discerned in particular elements of these figures, the first appearance of such monumental stone figures seems to coincide with the reopening of Greek trade with Egypt (c. 672 bc). The

Kourou, coastal town, north-central French Guiana, on the Kourou River. From 1854 to 1944 it served as a French penal colony. In the 1760s about 15,000 settlers from France and Germany, imagining the town to be the legendary El Dorado, arrived there to establish a colony under French sponsorship.

Ahmadou Kourouma was an Ivorian novelist and playwright who wrote in a form of French that scandalized the establishment and affected French colonial policies. Kourouma spent his early years in Guinea and attended secondary school in Bamako, Mali, until he was expelled and was drafted into the army

Kouroussa, town and river port, east-central Guinea. It lies at the head of navigation of the upper Niger River and along the railroad and road from Conakry to Kankan. Kouroussa is the chief trading centre for the rice, onions, millet, peanuts (groundnuts), sesame, cotton, and cattle raised in the

Kim Kardashian: …starred in the spin-off series Kourtney and Kim Take New York (2011–12). In 2020 Kim and other members of the family signed a production deal with the streaming service Hulu, and the following year Keeping Up with the Kardashians ended. In 2022 the reality series The Kardashians began airing on…

Libya Revolt of 2011: Uprising: …March 30 Libyan foreign minister Moussa Koussa defected, fleeing to the United Kingdom. The defection of Koussa, a former head of Libyan intelligence and a longtime member of Qaddafi’s inner circle, was interpreted as a sign that support for Qaddafi among senior Libyan officials was beginning to wane.

Serge Koussevitzky was a Russian-born American conductor and publisher, a champion of modern music who commissioned and performed many important new works. Koussevitzky studied the double bass in Moscow, becoming a virtuoso, and in Russia, Germany, and England gave recitals at which he played his

Mount Koussi, highest summit (11,204 feet [3,415 m]) in the Sahara, situated 109 miles (176 km) north-northwest of Faya in the Tibesti massif, northwestern Chad. It is an extinct volcano with a crater approximately 12 miles (19 km) wide and 4,000 feet (1,200 m)

Augusta, capital (1831) of Maine, U.S., seat (1799) of Kennebec county, at the head of navigation on the Kennebec River, 57 miles (92 km) northeast of Portland. The city’s establishment and early prosperity, which began with the arrival of traders from the Plymouth colony of Massachusetts in 1628,

Japanese performing arts: 7th to 16th centuries: …style of kyōgen music (koutai) is distinct from that of Noh music; it is derived directly from popular songs. Kyōgen plays with music are, however, a rarity. The usual play is a straight dialogue drama, making it perhaps the oldest developed form of nonmusical play in East Asia. Dialogue…

Almohads: The Booksellers’ Mosque (Kutubiyyah) in Marrakech and the older parts of the mosque of Taza date from his reign. Neither did the movement for a return to traditionalist Islam survive; both the mystical movement of the Sufis and the philosophical schools represented by Ibn Ṭufayl and Averroës (Ibn…

cardiopulmonary resuscitation: …was provided by electrical engineer William B. Kouwenhoven and colleagues, also at Johns Hopkins, who in 1960 described the “closed-chest cardiac massage,” a method of restoring circulation in a heart-attack victim by pushing down rhythmically on the sternum. The combination of Kouwenhoven’s technique with Safar’s ventilation technique evolved into the…

Michael Arlen was a British author whose novels and short stories epitomized the brittle gaiety and underlying cynicism and disillusionment of fashionable post-World War I London society. The son of an Armenian merchant, Arlen was brought up in England, to which his father had escaped to avoid

Slovakia: History of Slovakia: In February 1993 Michal Kováč, the deputy chairman of the Movement for a Democratic Slovakia (Hnutie Za Democratické Slovensko; HZDS), became president of the republic. Difficulties immediately arose in maintaining a coalition government, with the result that the HZDS and the rather autocratic figure of Mečiar tended to…

North Macedonia: Independence of North Macedonia: Deputy Finance Minister Dimitar Kovačevski replaced Zaev as party leader in December and, on January 16, 2022, was sworn in as prime minister. Soon after taking office, Kovačevski met with Bulgaria’s new prime minister, Kiril Petkov, in Sofia in an attempt to reduce tensions between the two countries.

Croatian literature: …and Antun Branko Šimić, while Ivan Goran Kovačić, in Jama (1943; The Pit), a long poem evoking the horror of war, retained a classical elegance in his verse. Prose writers included Dinko Šimunović, whose memorable stories depicted both the backwardness and the beauty of Dalmatia; Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić, who earned lasting…

Ernie Kovacs was an American television comedian. Kovacs created the television comedy variety show The Ernie Kovacs Show (1952–53, 1956) and became noted for his zany slapstick sketches, which often featured his wife, Edie Adams, as a comic foil. He received three Emmy Award nominations for his

Ernie Kovacs was an American television comedian. Kovacs created the television comedy variety show The Ernie Kovacs Show (1952–53, 1956) and became noted for his zany slapstick sketches, which often featured his wife, Edie Adams, as a comic foil. He received three Emmy Award nominations for his

Winnipeg Jets: …the development of young star Ilya Kovalchuk, the first overall selection of the 2001 NHL draft, and the Thrashers posted their first winning record during the 2005–06 season. In 2006–07 the team captured a division title but was swept by the New York Rangers in its lone playoff appearance while…

Tatyana Kazankina is a Soviet athlete who won three Olympic gold medals and set seven world records in women’s running events during the 1970s and ’80s. A seemingly fragile individual standing 1.61 metres (5 feet 3 inches) tall and weighing just 48 kg (106 pounds), Kazankina made an international

Bernard Hopkins: …when he was defeated by Sergey Kovalev in a unanimous decision. In what was described as his last fight, Hopkins fought Joe Smith, Jr., in 2016. The bout was close until the eighth round, when Hopkins fell out of the ring after being hit by a series of punches and…

Sofya Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya was a mathematician and writer who made a valuable contribution to the theory of partial differential equations. She was the first woman in modern Europe to gain a doctorate in mathematics, the first to join the editorial board of a scientific journal, and the first to

Aleksandr Onufriyevich Kovalevsky was a Russian founder of comparative embryology and experimental histology, who established for the first time the existence of a common pattern in the embryological development of all multicellular animals. Kovalevsky received a doctor of science degree from the

National Maritime Museum: Richard Wright, Christy Symington, and Tania Kovats.

Reginald De Koven was an American composer, conductor, and critic who helped establish the style of American light opera. De Koven graduated from the University of Oxford (1879) and studied composition in Germany, Austria, and France. On his return to the United States he contributed music

Ron Kovic is a Vietnam War veteran, activist, and author who became a leading antiwar figure in the 1970s. Kovic had been wounded and paralyzed during his service in the war. In 1976 he detailed his experiences in the best-selling memoir Born on the Fourth of July, which was adapted into an Academy

Ron Kovic is a Vietnam War veteran, activist, and author who became a leading antiwar figure in the 1970s. Kovic had been wounded and paralyzed during his service in the war. In 1976 he detailed his experiences in the best-selling memoir Born on the Fourth of July, which was adapted into an Academy

Ram Nath Kovind is an Indian lawyer and politician who served as president of India (2017–22). He was the second person from the Dalit caste, after Kocheril Raman Narayanan, and the first member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) to hold the office. Kovind grew up in humble circumstances in a

Holocaust: Jewish resistance to the Nazis: In Vilna partisan leader Abba Kovner, recognizing the full intent of Nazi policy toward the Jews, called for resistance in December 1941 and organized an armed force that fought the Germans in September 1943. In March of that year, a resistance group led by Willem Arondeus, a homosexual artist…

Kaunas, town, southern Lithuania. It lies at the head of navigation on the Neman (Lithuanian Nemunas) River, there joined by the tributary Viliya (Lithuanian Neris) River. Founded as a fortress in 1030, Kaunas became a town in 1317 and received its charter of self-government in 1408. It was

Kovrov, city, Vladimir oblast (region), western Russia. It lies along the right bank of the Klyazma River just above the latter’s confluence with the Uvod. The city has been a centre of the textile industry since the 18th century, specializing in cotton cloth, but the most important industry now is

kovsh, Russian drinking vessel with a boat-shaped body and a single handle. It is thought that many of the earliest examples, which date from the 16th century, were presented by the tsars to loyal supporters; they are sometimes engraved with the royal double-headed eagle and are inscribed around

Jimmu, legendary first emperor of Japan and founder of the imperial dynasty. Japanese chronicles record Jimmu’s expedition eastward from Hyuga in 607 bc along Japan’s Inland Sea, subduing tribes as he went and ending in Yamato, where he established his centre of power. Although modern historians do

Chiron: …1977 by the American astronomer Charles Kowal and classified as an asteroid with the number 2060. It is about 200 km (125 miles) in diameter and travels in an unstable, eccentric orbit that crosses that of Saturn and passes just inside that of Uranus with a period of 50.45 years.…

Stanley Kowalski, fictional character, the brutish husband of Stella and brother-in-law of Blanche DuBois in the Pulitzer Prize-winning play A Streetcar Named Desire (1947) by Tennessee Williams. Actor Marlon Brando delivered a powerful performance in the role, both on Broadway and in the 1951

Islamic arts: Modern criticism: Slightly later the Polish scholar Tadeusz Kowalski tried to interpret the “molecular” structure of Arabic literature—the absence of large units of thought or architectural structure—typical of the greater part of Islamic literatures, which might be described as “carpetlike.” This “molecular” structure can be related to the atomist theories and occasionalist…

crest-tailed marsupial rat, (Dasyuroides byrnei), rare ratlike mammal of the family Dasyuridae (order Marsupialia), native to the desert and grasslands of central Australia. It averages about 17.5 cm (7 inches) in length, with about a 13.5-centimetre (5-inch) tail. The soft dense fur is a light

Afghanistan: Drainage of Afghanistan: …its major Afghan tributaries, the Kowkcheh and the Qondūz, rise in the mountains of Badakhshān and Kondoz provinces. The Amu Darya becomes navigable from its confluence with the Kowkcheh, 60 miles (100 km) west of the city of Feyẕābād.

Hong Kong: Relief: …from Mount Tai Mo, the Kowloon Peak attains an elevation of 1,975 feet (602 meters), but there is an abrupt drop to about 650 feet (198 meters) at Devil’s Peak. Victoria (Hong Kong) Harbor is well protected by mountains on Hong Kong Island that include Victoria Peak in the west,…

Kowloon Peninsula, part of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, southeastern China, that was returned to China with the handover of Hong Kong from the British in 1997. It constitutes the Chinese mainland portion of the Hong Kong region and is located north of Hong Kong Island and east of

Hong Kong: Transportation and telecommunications: …services are provided by the Kowloon-Canton Railway (in operation since 1910). Electrification and double-tracking of the railway and the growth along its lines of the new towns of Sha Tin, Tai Po, Fanling, and others caused a considerable increase in passenger traffic. The railway’s commuter services expanded considerably with its…

First Sino-Japanese War: …Japanese sank the British steamer Kowshing, which was carrying the reinforcements, further inflaming the situation.

kowtow, in traditional China, the act of supplication made by an inferior to his superior by kneeling and knocking his head to the floor. This prostration ceremony was most commonly used in religious worship, by commoners who came to make a request of the local district magistrate, and by officials

Zheng Chenggong was a pirate leader of Ming forces against the Manchu conquerors of China, best known for establishing Chinese control over Taiwan. Zheng Chenggong was born in a small Japanese coastal town to a Japanese mother and a Chinese father, Zheng Zhilong, a maritime adventurer who made a

Khakass: The Koybal, not a tribe in the ethnographic sense but a territorial group, have retained their Kacha language but assumed the Russian peasant way of life. In the late 20th century there were about 60,000 Khakass in Russia.

sacred clown: …famous of these are the Koyemshi, the dancing clowns of the Pueblo Indians. Their obscene and sacrilegious actions punctuate the most important religious ceremonies and serve as a sign of the presence of the powerful primordial beings and as a means of social control by their satire of the antisocial…

earthquake: Reservoir induction: …the main shock at the Koyna Dam and Reservoir in India (1967), the evidence favours strike-slip faulting motion. At both the Kremasta Dam in Greece (1965) and the Kariba Dam in Zimbabwe-Zambia (1961), the generating mechanism was dip-slip on normal faults. By contrast, thrust mechanisms have been determined for sources…

Koynanagar: The Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary surrounds much of the reservoir; the sanctuary is part of the Western Ghats area, which was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2012.

Koynanagar, resort town, Maharashtra state, western India. The town, nestled in the Western Ghats (Sahyadri) range, is noted for being home to the Koyna dam and its reservoir (also known as Shivsagar), which are part of a large hydroelectric power complex. Power is generated at a station in

Halang language, language spoken chiefly in the central highlands of south-central Vietnam near Kon Tum. The number of speakers in Vietnam is estimated at some 10,000. Halang is a member of the North Bahnaric subbranch of the Mon-Khmer language family, which is a part of the Austroasiatic stock.

Volcher Coiter was a physician who established the study of comparative osteology and first described cerebrospinal meningitis. Through a grant from Groningen, he studied in Italy and France and was a pupil of Fallopius, Eustachius, Arantius, and Rondelet. He became city physician of Nürnberg

Native American religions: Diversity and common themes: By contrast, the Koyukon universe is notably decentralized. Raven, whom Koyukon narratives credit with the creation of human beings, is only one among many powerful entities in the Koyukon world. He exhibits human weaknesses such as lust and pride, is neither all-knowing nor all-good, and teaches more often…

Koyukuk River, river in central Alaska, U.S. A major tributary of the Yukon River, it rises from several headstreams on the southern slopes of the Endicott Mountains in the central Brooks Range and flows southwestward through Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve and Koyukuk National

Okinawa, city, Okinawa ken (prefecture), Japan. It is situated in the central part of Okinawa Island and was designated as a new city in 1974. Originally occupying a region of agriculture and forestry, the city, after World War II, became the location for the U.S. Kadena military base, which

genetic algorithm: John Koza, one of Holland’s doctoral students and a holder of more than a dozen patents related to genetic programming, was one of the first to develop commercial applications of the field, as a founder of a company known as Scientific Games. Koza shared his…

Józef Bartłomiej Zimorowic: …versified narratives of the event: Kozaczyzna (“The Cossacks”) and Burda Ruska (“The Ruthenian Affray”).

Kozáni, town and dímos (municipality), West Macedonia (Modern Greek: Dytikí Makedonía) periféreia (region), north-central Greece. The town is situated on the edge of a fertile basin between the Vérmio (also spelled Vérmion) and Voúrinos mountains and has tobacco, cereal, potato, and vegetable

Leopold Koželuch was a Czech composer of ballets, operas, and symphonies. Koželuch studied composition in Prague with his uncle Jan Koželuch and piano with F. Dussek and became known as a composer of ballets in the 1770s. In 1778 he went to Vienna, where he became a fashionable piano teacher.

Leopold Koželuch was a Czech composer of ballets, operas, and symphonies. Koželuch studied composition in Prague with his uncle Jan Koželuch and piano with F. Dussek and became known as a composer of ballets in the 1770s. In 1778 he went to Vienna, where he became a fashionable piano teacher.

Kozhikode, city, northern Kerala state, southwestern India. It is situated on the Malabar Coast, 414 miles (666 km) west-southwest of Chennai (Madras) by rail. Kozhikode was once a famous cotton-weaving center, and it is remembered as the place of origin of calico, to which it gave its name (i.e.,

Bar Kokhba was a Jewish leader who led a bitter but unsuccessful revolt (132–135 ce) against Roman dominion in Judaea. During his tour of the Eastern Empire in 131, the Roman emperor Hadrian decided upon a policy of Hellenization to integrate the Jews into the empire. Circumcision was proscribed, a

Viewing Shakespeare on Film: …same period, the Russian director Grigory Kozintsev directed a production of Hamlet titled Gamlet (1964) and one of King Lear titled Karol Lear (1970), which employed grim charcoal textures. Another bleak King Lear of 1970, which featured Paul Scofield as the aged king, was filmed by British director Peter Brook…

Bulgaria: Resources and power: …only nuclear power station, at Kozloduy, was constructed with Soviet aid and began operation in 1974. Two reactors were closed there in 2002, and another two were shut down in 2006 as a condition of EU accession.

Michurinsk, city, Tambov oblast (region), western Russia, on the Lesnoy Voronezh River. Founded in 1636 as a fortress named Kozlov, it was chartered in 1779. Locomotive repair works reflect its junction position, and there are vegetable- and fruit-processing industries. It is a horticulture centre,

Neoclassical art: Russia: Mikhail Kozlovsky contributed to the decoration of the throne room at Pavlovsk.

comic strip: Asia and the manga: …English readers under the title Lone Wolf and Cub in 1987 and was made into a television series in 2002.

Nikolay Aleksandrovich Kozyrev was a Russian astronomer, who claimed to have discovered volcano-like activity on the Moon. His sightings of apparent gaseous emissions from the lunar surface challenged the long-held theory that the Moon is a dead and inert celestial body. In 1931 Kozyrev joined the

kilopascal (kPa), one thousand times the unit of pressure and stress in the metre-kilogram-second system (the International System of Units [SI]). It was named in honour of the French mathematician-physicist Blaise Pascal (1623–62). One pascal is a pressure of one newton per square metre, or, in SI

Inchon landing: …June 25, 1950, North Korea’s Korean Peoples Army (KPA) had pushed relentlessly southward down the peninsula, driving before it the demoralized Republic of Korea Army (ROKA) and poorly prepared and understrength units of the U.S. 24th Division that had been hastily sent over from the Eighth Army in Japan. Not…

Palimé, town, major commercial centre in the Plateaux region, southwestern Togo, western Africa, situated about 70 miles (110 km) northwest of Lomé, the national capital. The town lies in a mountainous area important for cultivation of coffee, cacao, and oil palms. A large portion of these crops is

Belarus: Political process: …supportive of Lukashenko are the Communist Party of Belarus (KPB), a successor of the monolithic ruling Communist Party of the Soviet era; the Liberal Democratic Party of Belarus; and the Agrarian Party. Opposition parties are permitted, but they have had little electoral success. They include the Party of Communists of…

Friedrich Ebert: …the SPD to form the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). The leftists who had withdrawn from the SPD sought a social revolution, while Ebert and his party wanted to establish a German parliamentary democracy. Even in the midst of the war, the Catholic Centre Party, the Democratic Party (previously the…

African art: Senufo: The kpelie masks, small human faces with delicate features, represent female spirits and encode aspects of Poro knowledge. Both types of masks are involved with initiation and also perform at funerals, where they help encourage the soul of the deceased to move on to the ancestral…

Kpelle, people occupying much of central Liberia and extending into Guinea, where they are sometimes called the Guerze; they speak a language of the Mande branch of the Niger-Congo family. The Kpelle are primarily farmers. Rice is their staple crop and is supplemented by cassava, vegetables, and

Togo: Transportation: …second port is located at Kpémé, about 22 miles (35 km) northeast of Lomé, and is used to handle phosphate shipments.

Cambodia: Vietnamese intervention: …National Liberation Front (renamed the Buddhist Liberal Democratic Party in 1992) under the leadership of Son Sann (a former prime minister). Those groups were supported financially by foreign powers, including the United States, who were eager to oppose Vietnam. Thousands of Cambodians continued to enter Thailand in the 1980s, and…

Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO), astronomical observatory located on the Papago Indian Reservation 50 miles (80 km) southwest of Tucson, Ariz., U.S., at an elevation of 6,888 feet (2,100 metres). It was established in 1958 by the National Science Foundation (NSF) in response to a long-felt

African art: Senufo: Kponyugu masks exhibit many variations in name, style, animal references, and symbolism. Their iconography—a composite of a wide range of animals—refers to the origin of the world, to important legends, and to the roles of certain animals in carrying out obligations to ancestors and nature…

K-pop, abbreviated colloquial term for popular music from South Korea. K-pop is typically used to describe “idol music” made by artists trained by entertainment companies to become pop music stars. K-pop includes upbeat pop, dance music, and ballads. It can incorporate a variety of influences,

KPop Demon Hunters, animated musical fantasy film directed by Maggie Kang and Chris Appelhans, produced by Sony Pictures Animation, and streaming globally on Netflix. Released in June 2025, the film quickly reached Netflix’s global top 10 in 93 countries and within two months became the

Communist Party of the Russian Federation (KPRF), Russian political party that opposes many of the democratic and economic reforms introduced in Russia after the disintegration of the Soviet Union. The Communist Party of the Russian Federation was officially established in 1993, but it is

Cambodia: Political process: …from the pro-Vietnam and communist Kampuchean People’s Revolutionary Party that was founded in 1951. The CPP was long the dominant party in national politics. The CNRP was formed in 2012 through the merger of the Sam Rainsy Party (SRP) and the smaller Human Rights Party (founded 2007). The SRP, founded…

Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), the major political party of Russia and the Soviet Union from the Russian Revolution of October 1917 to 1991. (Read Leon Trotsky’s 1926 Britannica essay on Lenin.) The Communist Party of the Soviet Union arose from the Bolshevik wing of the Russian Social

Kenya: Jomo Kenyatta’s rule: …a new opposition party, the Kenya People’s Union (KPU), but his position was weakened by legislation that required elected officials who switched parties to resign their seats and run for reelection. By contrast, Kenyatta’s authority was strengthened because greater powers had been given to the office of president.

Television in the United States: Educational TV: …Boston, WTTW in Chicago, and KQED in San Francisco. In 1965 the Carnegie Foundation established its Commission on Education Television to conduct a study of ETV and make recommendations for future action. The report from the commission was published about two years later, and it became the catalyst and model…

krypton (Kr), chemical element, a rare gas of Group 18 (noble gases) of the periodic table, which forms relatively few chemical compounds. About three times heavier than air, krypton is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and monatomic. Although traces are present in meteorites and minerals, krypton is