World War II: The central Pacific: …sponsor of the plan, Admiral Koga Mineichi (Yamamoto’s successor), and his staff were killed in an air disaster. When, on June 15, two U.S. Marine divisions went ashore on Saipan Island in the Marianas, the 30,000 Japanese defenders put up so fierce a resistance that an army division was needed…

Kogaku, (Japanese: “Ancient Learning”), one of three schools of Neo-Confucian studies that developed in Japan during the Tokugawa period (1603–1867). See

Mihail Kogălniceanu was a Romanian statesman and reformer, one of the founders of modern Romanian historiography, who became the first premier of Romania, formed by the union of the Danubian principalities Moldavia and Walachia. In 1840 Kogălniceanu undertook the publication of a national literary

Koganei, city, central Tokyo to (metropolis), east-central Honshu, Japan. It lies on a main rail line heading westward from central Tokyo city and is surrounded by other cities in the metropolis, including Kodaira (north), Musashino (northeast), Chōfu (southeast), and Fuchū (south). During the

Peyo Yavorov: …Polite na Vitosha (1911) and Kogato Gram Udari (1912); a biography of the Macedonian leader Gotsé Delchev; and a book of reminiscences of his fighting days, Haidushki Kopneniya (1908). He committed suicide at the age of 36.

Canadian literature: Fiction: Joy Kogawa’s Obasan (1981) is a skillful “docufiction” describing the internment of Japanese Canadians during World War II; in Chorus of Mushrooms (1994), Hiromi Goto examines the relations between three generations of women in rural Alberta. Chinese Canadian perspectives are presented in Choy’s The Jade…

Køge, city, eastern Sjælland (Zealand), Denmark. The city lies on Køge Bay of The Sound (Øresund). First mentioned in the 11th century and chartered in 1288, it became a market centre and base for herring fisheries in the late 13th century. In 1677 Admiral Niels Juel won a great naval victory over

Armenian literature: Origins and golden age: …“Refutation of the Sects” by Eznik Koghbatsi. This was a polemical work, composed partly from Greek sources, in defense of orthodox Christian belief against—and thereby providing valuable information about—pagan Armenian superstitions, Iranian dualism, Greek philosophy, and the Marcionite heresy. Its pure classical style is unsurpassed in Armenian literature. The work…

Kogi, state, central Nigeria. It was created in 1991 from portions of eastern Kwara and western Benue states. Kogi is bordered by the states of Nassawara to the northeast; Benue to the east; Enugu, Anambra, and Delta to the south; Ondo, Ekiti, and Kwara to the west; and Niger to the north. Abuja

sperm whale: The pygmy and dwarf sperm whales (Kogia breviceps and K. simus) are the only other members of the family Physeteridae. These little-known dolphinlike whales are gray above and white below, and they are quite small—about 2.5 to 4 metres (8 to 13 feet) long. They are…

sperm whale: The pygmy and dwarf sperm whales (Kogia breviceps and K. simus) are the only other members of the family Physeteridae. These little-known dolphinlike whales are gray above and white below, and they are quite small—about 2.5 to 4 metres (8 to 13 feet) long. They are distributed worldwide…

Khandwa, city, southwestern Madhya Pradesh state, central India. It is situated in an upland plateau region north of the Satpura Range on a tributary of the Narmada River. Khandwa is identified with the Kognabanda of the Greek geographer Ptolemy and is traditionally said to have been surrounded by

magatama, chiefly Japanese jade ornament shaped like a comma with a small perforation at the thick end; it was worn as a pendant, and its form may derive from prehistoric animal-tooth pendants. There are also examples with caps made of gold or silver. In Japan, magatamas have been made since the

Cágaba, South American Indian group living on the northern and southern slopes of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta of Colombia. Speakers of an Arhuacan language, the Cágaba have lived in this region of steep ravines and narrow valleys for many centuries. They numbered some 10,000 individuals in the

Goguryeo, the largest of the three kingdoms into which ancient Korea was divided until 668. Goguryeo is traditionally said to have been founded in 37 bce in the Tongge River basin of northern Korea by Chumo, leader of one of the Buyeo tribes native to the area, but modern historians believe it is

Koguryŏ tomb murals, group of wall paintings that typify the painting style prevalent in the Koguryŏ kingdom (37 bce– 668 ce) of the Three Kingdoms period. The Koguryŏ were a horse-riding northern people, and their art was powered by the forceful spirit of a hunter-warrior tribe. Their fresco

Ko Hŭi-dong was a Korean artist who pioneered in the application of Western techniques to traditional painting styles. After World War II, he became a member of the South Korean government of Syngman Rhee. Born into a high-ranking aristocratic family, Ko in 1908 became the first Korean student to

Hindu Kush: Physiography: …in the eastern section, include Koh-i-Bandakor (22,451 feet [6,843 metres]), Koh-i-Mondi (20,498 feet [6,248 metres]), and Mīr Samīr (19,878 feet [6,059 metres]). These peaks are surrounded by a host of lesser mountains. Glaciers are poorly developed, but the mountain passes—which include Putsigrām (13,450 feet [5,000 metres]), Verān (15,400 feet [4,694…

Hindu Kush: Physiography: …Koh-i-Bandakor (22,451 feet [6,843 metres]), Koh-i-Mondi (20,498 feet [6,248 metres]), and Mīr Samīr (19,878 feet [6,059 metres]). These peaks are surrounded by a host of lesser mountains. Glaciers are poorly developed, but the mountain passes—which include Putsigrām (13,450 feet [5,000 metres]), Verān (15,400 feet [4,694 metres]), Rām Gol (15,400 feet…

Koh-i-noor, one of the world’s most famous diamonds, known for its size (105.6 carats) and the controversy concerning its ownership. Part of the British crown jewels since 1849, the Koh-i-noor is claimed by several countries, including India, which has demanded its return. The diamond originally

Kohala Mountains: The building of the Kohala Ditch (1906) channeled water along the mountaintops to the northern sugarcane fields, which spurred the development of the sugar industry (which has since declined).

Kohala Mountains, volcanic range, northern Hawaii island, Hawaii, U.S. The mountains extend 21 miles (34 km) north from Waimea to Upolu Point and reach a high point at Kaumu o Kaleihoohie (5,480 feet [1,670 meters]). The mountains consist of an eroded dome 22 miles (35 km) long and 15 miles (24 km)

cohen, Jewish priest, one who is a descendant of Zadok, founder of the priesthood of Jerusalem when the First Temple was built by Solomon (10th century bc) and through Zadok related to Aaron, the first Jewish priest, who was appointed to that office by his younger brother, Moses. Though laymen such

Kohat, town, south-central Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. The town lies just north of the Kohat Toi River at the entrance to the Kohat Pass, through which a military road was opened in 1901. The new town lies at some distance from the original 14th-century town, traditionally said to have

cohen, Jewish priest, one who is a descendant of Zadok, founder of the priesthood of Jerusalem when the First Temple was built by Solomon (10th century bc) and through Zadok related to Aaron, the first Jewish priest, who was appointed to that office by his younger brother, Moses. Though laymen such

high priest, in Judaism, the chief religious functionary in the Temple of Jerusalem, whose unique privilege was to enter the Holy of Holies (inner sanctum) once a year on Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement, to burn incense and sprinkle sacrificial animal blood to expiate his own sins and those of the

Kohima, town, capital of Nagaland state, northeastern India. The town lies in the Naga Hills, 30 miles (48 km) southeast of the railroad at Dimapur. Kohima was the point of the farthest Japanese advance into British India during World War II. Much of the town was held briefly by Japanese troops in

Kohistan, area of mountainous or hilly tracts in Pakistan and Afghanistan. In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Kohistan is that sparsely populated area of Pakistan which lies west of Chilas in Kashmir and the Kagan Valley. The eastern part is known as Indus Kohistan (for the Indus River), and the

transhumance: …transhumance is that of the Kohistanis of the Swāt area of Pakistan, who range between altitudes of 2,000 and 14,000 feet (600 and 4,300 m). Most Kohistani families possess houses in four or five different settlements, and at any one time of the year nearly the whole population is concentrated…

cosmetic: Kohl (a preparation based on lampblack or antimony) was used to darken the eyelashes and eyebrows and to outline the eyelids. Rouge was used to redden the cheeks, and various white powders were employed to simulate or heighten fairness of complexion. Bath oils were widely…

Vera Wang: Activities in the 21st century: …with the department store chain Kohl’s to produce a more affordable collection of clothes, shoes, jewelry, handbags, and other items under the brand Simply Vera. In 2011 Wang partnered with jewelry store Zales to create a line of engagement and wedding rings—as well as other fashion jewelry—featuring diamonds with blue…

Helmut Kohl was a German politician who served as chancellor of West Germany from 1982 to 1990 and of the reunified German nation from 1990 to 1998. He presided over the integration of East Germany into West Germany in 1990 and thus became the first chancellor of a unified Germany since 1945. Kohl

RJR Nabisco, Inc.: …was merged into investment firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. Nabisco and Reynolds became independent with the 1999 spin-off of R.J. Reynolds shares. See Nabisco; R.J. Reynolds Tobacco.

Lawrence Kohlberg was an American psychologist and educator known for his theory of moral development. Kohlberg was the youngest of four children of Alfred Kohlberg, a successful silk merchant of Jewish ancestry, and Charlotte Albrecht Kohlberg, a Protestant and a skilled amateur chemist. When the

coal: Coal rock types: Coals may be classified on the basis of their macroscopic appearance (generally referred to as coal rock type, lithotype, or kohlentype). Four main types are recognized:

industrial relations: Paternalism: …towns in the 1930s, to Kohler, Wis., in the 1950s. Whatever grievances workers have had in these situations, it is clear that economic issues do not offer a complete explanation of the bitterness of the disputes, in part because any grievance a resident may have is seen to be the…

Köhler effect, phenomenon that occurs when a person works harder as a member of a group than when working alone. There are many tasks in which a bad performance by a single member can ensure a bad group performance; social psychologists refer to them as conjunctive group tasks. For example, a

microscope: The illumination system: …objective, a system known as Köhler illumination. The advantage of the latter approach is that nonuniformities in the source are averaged in the imaging process. To obtain optimal use of the microscope, it is important that the light from the source both covers the object and fills the entrance aperture…

Georges J.F. Köhler was a German immunologist who in 1984, with César Milstein and Niels K. Jerne, received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his work in developing a technique for producing monoclonal antibodies—pure, uniform, and highly sensitive protein molecules used in diagnosing

Horst Köhler was a German economist and politician who served as managing director of the International Monetary Fund (2000–04) and as president of Germany (2004–10). Horst also was Germany’s lead official in the difficult negotiations that led to the 1991 Maastricht Treaty, which founded the

Ilse Koch was a German war criminal who became notorious for her perversion and cruelty while her husband was commandant (1937–41) of Buchenwald concentration camp. Known as the “Witch of Buchenwald,” she was arrested after World War II, and her trial was highly publicized given the gruesome

Josef Kohler was a German jurist who made a significant contribution to the philosophy of law and helped to advance the study of the comparative history of law. Kohler was educated at the universities of Heidelberg and Freiberg and became a doctor of laws in 1873. A year later he was appointed

Kaufmann Kohler was a German-American rabbi, and one of the most influential theologians of Reform Judaism in the United States. Although his upbringing and early schooling were Orthodox, Kohler was strongly affected by the teachings of Abraham Geiger, one of the most prominent German leaders of

Oswin Köhler was a German linguist and ethnologist specializing in African languages and culture. In 1962 Köhler was appointed to the first professorship of African studies at the University of Cologne, where he founded an institute with a broad linguistic, historical, and cultural anthropological

Oswin Köhler was a German linguist and ethnologist specializing in African languages and culture. In 1962 Köhler was appointed to the first professorship of African studies at the University of Cologne, where he founded an institute with a broad linguistic, historical, and cultural anthropological

Köhler effect: Discovery: …by the German industrial psychologist Otto Köhler in the 1920s. He asked members of a Berlin rowing club to perform a difficult task: to do standing curls with a heavy weight—97 pounds (44 kg)—until they were so exhausted that they could not go on. Sometimes they did this alone, and…

Thomas Köhler is a German luger who at the 1964 Winter Games in Innsbruck, Austria, won the first Olympic luge competition. He was one of the most successful lugers in the history of the sport, winning two Olympic titles and three world championships in his career. Köhler began training for the

Wolfgang Köhler was a German psychologist and a key figure in the development of Gestalt psychology, which seeks to understand learning, perception, and other components of mental life as structured wholes. Köhler’s doctoral thesis with Carl Stumpf at the University of Berlin (1909) was an

Hans Kohlhase was a German merchant turned brigand who spent the later 1530s in a feud with Saxony, causing considerable disruption until he was captured and executed. While Kohlhase was on his way to the Leipzig fair in 1532, two of his horses were confiscated by a Saxon nobleman. Unable to obtain

F.C. Kohli was an Indian businessman and engineer who was a pioneer of that country’s information technology industry. After obtaining bachelor’s degrees in English and applied mathematics and physics from Punjab University, Lahore, India [now in Pakistan], Kohli received a bachelor’s in electrical

F.C. Kohli was an Indian businessman and engineer who was a pioneer of that country’s information technology industry. After obtaining bachelor’s degrees in English and applied mathematics and physics from Punjab University, Lahore, India [now in Pakistan], Kohli received a bachelor’s in electrical

Virat Kohli is an Indian international cricketer considered by many as one of the greatest batsmen in the history of the game. Kohli plays for (and previously captained) the Royal Challengers Bengaluru (RCB) in the Indian Premier League (IPL). He is also a former captain of the Indian cricket team

kohlrabi, (Brassica oleracea, variety gongylodes), form of cabbage, of the mustard family (Brassicaceae), grown for its edible enlarged stem. Kohlrabi is best harvested for food when this enlargement is 5–6 cm (2–2.5 inches) in diameter; the flesh is similar to that of the turnip but is sweeter and

Friedrich Wilhelm Georg Kohlrausch was a German physicist who investigated the properties of electrolytes (substances that conduct electricity in solutions by transfer of ions) and contributed to the understanding of their behaviour. Kohlrausch was a professor of physics at the universities of

parallax: Indirect measurement: In 1914 Walter Adams and Arnold Kohlschütter established the spectroscopic differences between giant and dwarf stars of the same spectral type and laid the foundation for the determination of spectroscopic parallaxes. These differences, depending upon the intrinsic brightness of the star, allow an estimate of its absolute magnitude, and the…

Kohlu, agency, a special tribal area attached to Balochistān province, Pakistan. The agency is located in a semi-arid mountainous region; the ranges rise in a series of terraces west of the Sulaimān Range. The vegetation is mostly thorny scrub, including acacia trees. The bulk of the population

Shanghai World Financial Center: …the American architectural firm of Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates of New York City, it has 101 stories and reaches a height of 1,614 feet (492 meters). The building opened in 2008 after a construction period of 11 years. At the time of its completion, it was the second highest building…

André Kertész was a Hungarian-born American photographer known for his lyrical and formally rigorous pictures of everyday life. One of the most inventive photographers of the 20th century, Kertész set the standard for the use of the handheld camera, created a highly autobiographical body of work,

Fritz Kortner was a famous stage and film actor of the 1920s German avant-garde who, after his return from exile in 1949, revitalized German theatre with his innovative concepts in staging and direction. He was known particularly for his unconventional interpretations of the classics. Kortner

Walter Kohn was an Austrian-born American physicist who, with John A. Pople, received the 1998 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The award recognized their individual work on computations in quantum chemistry. Kohn’s share of the prize acknowledged his development of the density-functional theory, which

Bahnaric languages: South Bahnaric languages, such as Sre (Koho)—which has approximately 100,000 speakers—are spoken in southern Vietnam and southeastern Cambodia.

South Asian arts: Tovil dance: …picturesque and important are the kohomba kankariya (or “ritual of the god Kohomba”), performed to ensure prosperity and to rout pestilence, and the bali, danced to propitiate the heavenly beings.

Kohtla-Järve, city, Estonia, near the Gulf of Finland. Founded in 1900 and incorporated in 1946, it lies on the Tallinn–St. Petersburg road and railway. Its principal industry is the processing of oil shales based on local deposits; shale-gas pipelines were constructed to Leningrad (now St.

Alexander Kohut was a Hungarian-born American rabbi and scholar who wrote a monumental Talmudic lexicon and helped found the Jewish Theological Seminary of America. In 1865 Kohut assumed his first rabbinical pulpit, the beginning of a lifelong career as a rabbi. Excelling in Hungarian language and

narcissism: Origins: …those of the Austrian psychoanalysts Heinz Kohut and Otto Kernberg, posit that adult narcissism has its roots in early childhood experiences. Both Kohut and Kernberg focus on disturbances in early social (parental) relationships as the genesis of adult narcissistic personality disorder. Also, both view narcissism at its core as a…

Korea: The Three Kingdoms: …ce), for Baekje by King Koi (reigned 234–286), and for Silla by King Naemul (reigned 356–402).

koi, (Cyprinus carpio), any of more than 100 ornamental varieties of carp that are best known for their colourful body patterning and are kept as pets in indoor and outdoor freshwater ponds throughout the world. Koi were raised initially as food fishes in China and Japan. However, they also serve

koi, (Cyprinus carpio), any of more than 100 ornamental varieties of carp that are best known for their colourful body patterning and are kept as pets in indoor and outdoor freshwater ponds throughout the world. Koi were raised initially as food fishes in China and Japan. However, they also serve

Hrithik Roshan: The Krrish franchise: …the 2003 science-fiction Hindi feature Koi…Mil Gaya (“Someone Has Been Found”). He starred as a man with developmental impairments who makes contact with an alien he names Jadoo (“Magic”) and acquires superpowers. The film was a spectacular hit and won numerous awards. It sparked a franchise, which includes two more…

diplomatics: The Roman and Byzantine empire: …a new department under the koiaistor (a high palace official), while the secretaries had all come under the office of the protoasekretis (head of the secretaries). An official called the mystikos handled the emperor’s secret correspondence. In preparing edicts or other laws, the koiaistor, after consulting the emperor, made a…

Namib: Drainage: …from the seepage of the Koichab, a stream that terminates in the dunes. Only the Cunene (Kunene) and Orange rivers flow permanently on the surface. Other streams have surface flow only after heavy rainfall in the interior plateaus; they normally flow for no more than a few days in several…

Koidu–New Sembehun, town, east-central Sierra Leone, adjacent to Sefadu. It is a trade centre for rice, palm oil and kernels, and cattle (from Guinea). Much of the town’s development is attributed to its location in the diamond-mining area leased by the Sierra Leone Selection Trust. After Koidu was

Shinzo Abe: Second term and Abenomics: …governor and former LDP member Yuriko Koike.

Aligarh, city, western Uttar Pradesh state, northern India. It lies at the southern edge of the Upper Ganges–Yamuna Doab, about 65 miles (100 km) southeast of Delhi and some 25 miles (40 km) southwest of the Ganges (Ganga) River. The city itself is usually called Koil or Kol; Aligarh is the name of

koine, originally, a contact variety of the Greek language that was spoken throughout the eastern Mediterranean region during the Hellenic and Roman empires. The term comes from the Greek koine (“common” or “shared”), although the variety was based chiefly on the Attic Greek dialect. A compromise

Koine, the fairly uniform Hellenistic Greek spoken and written from the 4th century bc until the time of the Byzantine emperor Justinian (mid-6th century ad) in Greece, Macedonia, and the parts of Africa and the Middle East that had come under the influence or control of Greeks or of Hellenized

Demotic Greek language: …form a single unified language, Standard Modern Greek (Greek: Koini Neoelliniki).

Metéora: …from the 14th century, when Athanasios Koinovitis, a monk from Mount Athos, ascended the plathy lithos (“broad rock”) and built the first structures of the Great Metéoron. The Serbian king then in control of Thessaly granted the monastery religious privileges. In 1388 the king’s son and the hermit Ioasaf, a…

Girija Prasad Koirala was an Indian-born Nepalese politician who served four times as the prime minister of Nepal (1991–94, 1998–99, 2000–01, 2006–08). Koirala was a member of the most prominent political family in Nepal. His older brothers both served as prime minister: Matrika Prasad Koirala in

Sushil Koirala was a Nepali politician and government official, who served as the prime minister of Nepal in 2014–15. Koirala was a member of one of Nepal’s most prominent political families. Three of his relatives—Matrika Prasad Koirala, Bishweshwar Prasad (B.P.) Koirala, and Girija Prasad

Koishikawa Botanical Garden, botanical garden and arboretum maintained by the University of Tokyo. It has some 4,000 different plant species under cultivation on its 40-acre (16-hectare) site in Tokyo. Among its most notable outdoor collections are camellias, cherries, maples, Japanese primroses,

Koishikawa Botanical Garden, botanical garden and arboretum maintained by the University of Tokyo. It has some 4,000 different plant species under cultivation on its 40-acre (16-hectare) site in Tokyo. Among its most notable outdoor collections are camellias, cherries, maples, Japanese primroses,

Koiso Kuniaki was a Japanese army general and prime minister during the final phase of World War II. Koiso graduated from the Army Academy in 1900 at the top of his class, attended the Army War College, and served on active duty during the Russo-Japanese War. In 1930 he became chief of the Bureau

Finland: The postwar period: …succeeded by the Social Democrat Mauno Koivisto, who was reelected in 1988. Koivisto was in turn succeeded in 1994 by another Social Democrat, Martti Ahtisaari.

Koizumi Junichiro is a third-generation Japanese politician, who was the prime minister of Japan from 2001 to 2006. Both Koizumi’s father and grandfather served in the Diet (parliament). He graduated with a degree in economics from Keio University, Tokyo, in 1967 and then attended the London School

Koizumi Junichiro is a third-generation Japanese politician, who was the prime minister of Japan from 2001 to 2006. Both Koizumi’s father and grandfather served in the Diet (parliament). He graduated with a degree in economics from Keio University, Tokyo, in 1967 and then attended the London School

Lafcadio Hearn was a writer, translator, and teacher who introduced the culture and literature of Japan to the West. Hearn grew up in Dublin. After a brief and spasmodic education in England and France, he immigrated to the United States at 19. He settled in Cincinnati, Ohio, working at various

Korçë: …in 1484 the local lord, Koja Mirahor İlyas Bey, a Muslim convert active in the Ottoman siege of Constantinople (1453; now Istanbul), returned to the site and built the mosque that bears his name. In the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries Korçë was a centre of commerce and trade. The…

continental philosophy: French Nietzscheanism: …1930s, the Russian émigré philosopher Alexandre Kojève (1902–68) held a series of seminars on Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit that were attended by the most eminent figures in French intellectual society. Kojève’s idiosyncratic reading of Hegel probably had a greater impact on novelists and poets than on philosophers, though it did…

sake: …preparation of steamed rice and koji (Aspergillus oryzae), a fungus that converts the rice starch to fermentable sugars. The koji is mixed with water and fresh steamed rice, traditionally by hand, and is wrapped in a blanket and incubated to form a sweet crumbly dry material. This is then placed…

Kojiki, (Japanese: “Records of Ancient Matters”), together with the Nihon shoki (q.v.), the first written record in Japan, part of which is considered a sacred text of the Shintō religion. The Kojiki text was compiled from oral tradition in 712. The Kojiki is an important source book for

Kojiki, (Japanese: “Records of Ancient Matters”), together with the Nihon shoki (q.v.), the first written record in Japan, part of which is considered a sacred text of the Shintō religion. The Kojiki text was compiled from oral tradition in 712. The Kojiki is an important source book for

Ōe Kenzaburō: …finest novel, Kojinteki-na taiken (1964; A Personal Matter), a darkly humorous account of a new father’s struggle to accept the birth of his brain-damaged child. A visit to Hiroshima resulted in the work Hiroshima nōto (1965; Hiroshima Notes), which deals with the survivors of the atomic bombing of that city.…

Japanese music: Composers in Western styles: …is Kojo no tsuki (The Ruined Castle), written in 1901 by Taki Rentarō after his training in Germany. In its piano-accompanied version it recalls the style of Franz Schubert, but as sung in the streets it sounds Japanese. Yamada Kōsaku was training in Germany when the Meiji era ended…

Gojong was the 26th monarch of the Joseon (Yi) dynasty and the last to effectively rule Korea. Gojong became king of Korea while still a young boy. During the first years of his reign, power was in the hands of his father, Daewon-gun, who as regent attempted to restore and revitalize the country.

Adam Kok III was a chief who led the people of the Griqua nation from their home in the Orange Free State (now part of South Africa) to found a new nation, Griqualand East, on the east coast of what is now South Africa. He considered himself an independent ally of the British, but colonial

Kök Turki alphabet, writing system used by Turkic-speaking peoples in Central Asia from the 6th to the 8th century ad. It is sometimes called Kök Turki runes because of the resemblance of its letter forms to those of the (Germanic) runic alphabet. The script occurred in two forms, monumental and

Aral Sea: Physiographic changes: … funded the construction of the Kok-Aral Dam (completed 2005) and projects along the Syr Darya that appeared to be preserving the northern portion of the sea. However, the southern portion—both the eastern and western lobes but most notably the eastern—continued to shrink, despite some inflow of water from the north.…

kokako, (species Callaeas cinerea), New Zealand songbird of the family Callaeidae (order Passeriformes). The kokako is 45 cm (17.5 inches) long and has a gray body, black mask, and blue or orange wattles at the corners of the mouth. Surviving in a few mountain forests, the kokako lives mainly on

Kalachuri dynasty: Central India: …into clearer focus only with Kokalla I (reigned c. 850–885). The period between Kokalla I and Kokalla II (reigned c. 990–1015) is marked by a consolidation of Kalachuri power and by their relations with contemporary dynasties. The success attributed to Kokalla I against the Pratiharas, the Kalachuris of Uttar Pradesh,…