perciform: bonitos, and skipjacks (family Scombridae), billfishes and marlins (Istiophoridae), swordfish (Xiphiidae), sea basses (Serranidae), and carangids (Carangidae), a large family that includes

Seki Takakazu: The publication of Katsuyō sanpō (1712; “Compendium of Mathematics”), containing Seki’s research on the measure of circle and arc, is due to another disciple who used this work to open a Seki School of Mathematics—a prestigious centre that attracted the best mathematicians in the country until the 19th…

Kattakurgan, city, east-central Uzbekistan, in a thickly populated oasis in the Zeravshan River valley. It began in the 18th century as a centre of trade and handicrafts and now has various light-industrial plants for processing local agricultural produce. The Kattakurgan Reservoir on the nearby

Kattakurgan, city, east-central Uzbekistan, in a thickly populated oasis in the Zeravshan River valley. It began in the 18th century as a centre of trade and handicrafts and now has various light-industrial plants for processing local agricultural produce. The Kattakurgan Reservoir on the nearby

Frederick II: Early life: Lieutenant Hans Hermann von Katte, the young officer who had been his accomplice in the plan, was executed in Frederick’s presence, and there was for a short time a real possibility that the prince might share his fate. During the next year or more Frederick, as…

Kattegat, strait forming part of the connection between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea. The strait trends north-south between the Jutland (Jylland) peninsula and Sjælland (Zealand) island of Denmark (west and south) and Sweden (east); it connects through the Skagerrak (north) with the North Sea

Kattegat, strait forming part of the connection between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea. The strait trends north-south between the Jutland (Jylland) peninsula and Sjælland (Zealand) island of Denmark (west and south) and Sweden (east); it connects through the Skagerrak (north) with the North Sea

South Asian arts: The kathakali school: (2) Katti (“knife”), haughty and arrogant but learned and of exalted character, has a fiery upcurled moustache with silver piping and a white mushroom knob at the tip of his nose. Two walrus tusks protrude from the corners of his mouth, his headgear is opulent, and…

Katowice, city and capital, Śląskie województwo (province), south-central Poland. It lies in the heart of the Upper Silesia coalfields. The settlement was first recorded in 1598, and it remained a small village until 1865, when it was granted municipal rights as Kattowitz. It grew rapidly as coal

Leo Pinsker: In 1884 he convened the Kattowitz (Katowice, Pol.) Conference, which established a permanent committee with headquarters in Odessa. Although Ḥibbat Ẕiyyon (later Ḥovevei Ẕiyyon [“Lovers of Zion”]) was crippled by lack of funds, it did establish a few colonies in Palestine and founded the Society for the Support of Jewish…

Vietnam: Languages: others—including the Bru, Pacoh, Katu, Cua, Hre, Rengao, Sedang, Bahnar, Mnong, Mang (Maa), Muong, and Stieng—speak Mon-Khmer languages, connecting them with the Khmer. French missionaries and administrators provided Roman script

Souei language: It belongs to the Katuic branch of the Mon-Khmer language family, itself a part of the Austroasiatic stock. Spoken by some 630,000 people, Souei is—after Vietnamese, Khmer, and Mon—one of the most important Mon-Khmer languages because of its number of speakers, its geographic spread, and its historical role.

Democratic Republic of the Congo: Congo under Joseph Kabila: …opposition figures Jean-Pierre Bemba and Moïse Katumbi were not part of that group, as Bemba had been disqualified by the electoral commission over International Criminal Court charges and Katumbi had been blocked from returning to the country after time away and hence was not able to register as a candidate…

Altai Mountains: Drainage: The Katun, Bukhtarma, and Biya—all tributaries of the Ob River—are among the biggest. Rivers of the Gobi Altai are shorter, shallower, and often frozen in winter and dry in summer. There are more than 3,500 lakes, most of structural or glacial origin. Those of the Gobi…

Altai Mountains: Geology: …in the contemporary Altai—notably the Katun, North (Severo) Chu, and the South (Yuzhno) Chu—tower more than 13,000 feet (4,000 metres) in elevation, running latitudinally in the central and eastern portions of the sector of the system within the Altay republic. The Tabyn-Bogdo-Ola (Mongolian: Tavan Bogd Uul), the Mönh Hayrhan Uul,…

Katwijk, gemeente (municipality), western Netherlands. The municipality, comprising Katwijk aan Zee and Katwijk aan den Rijn, lies along the North Sea at the mouth of the Old Rhine River. The Old Rhine was canalized there (1804–07) with huge locks. Katwijk aan Zee has been a seaside resort since

Michael McDonald: Career: …from the group’s 1975 album Katy Lied. Although he would eventually join the Doobie Brothers, he maintained a close professional relationship with the members of Steely Dan and added backing vocals to tracks on the group’s The Royal Scam (1976), Aja (1977), and Gaucho (1980) and perhaps most memorably on…

katydid, (family Tettigoniidae), any of about 8,000 predominantly nocturnal insects that are related to crickets (the two groups are in the suborder Ensifera, order Orthoptera) and are noted for their mating calls. Katydids are also known for their large hind legs and extremely long threadlike

Shakhtarsk, city, eastern Ukraine. Shakhtarsk was established in 1953 by the amalgamation of three local settlements, two of which dated from the 18th century, and was granted city status in 1958. Located on the Donets Basin coalfield, the city features mines that historically have produced

Katyn Massacre, mass execution of Polish military officers by the Soviet Union during World War II. The discovery of the massacre precipitated the severance of diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and the Polish government-in-exile in London. After Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union

rocket and missile system: Barrage rockets: …130-millimetre rocket known as the Katyusha. From 16 to 48 Katyushas were fired from a boxlike launcher known as the Stalin Organ, mounted on a gun carriage.

German literature: The late 1950s and the ’60s: …Drum), Katz und Maus (1961; Cat and Mouse), and Hundejahre (1963; Dog Years). The trilogy presents a grotesquely imaginative retrospective on the Nazi period. The narrator of Die Blechtrommel is the dwarf Oskar Matzerath, who claims that he deliberately stopped growing on his third birthday out of protest against the…

Bowers v. Hardwick: Dissenting opinions: …to watch obscene movies, or Katz v. United States [1967]…was about a fundamental right to place interstate bets from a telephone booth.” “Rather,” he added (quoting Louis Brandeis’s dissent in the Supreme Court’s decision in Olmstead v. United States [1928]), “this case is about ‘the most comprehensive of rights and…

Alex Katz is an American figurative painter known for his large-scale simplified images of family and friends. Katz created iconic paintings documenting the American scene and later the American landscape through understated but monumental glimpses of the vernacular world. Katz, who was the son of

A24: Beginnings: Daniel Katz, a former film industry finance specialist, had long dreamed of starting his own film company. In 2012 while driving in Italy, he experienced an inspirational awakening and decided to make his dream a reality. To credit the location of his inspiration, the A24…

Yiddish literature: The 21st century: Yiddish scholar Dovid Katz was born in the United States and later moved to Vilna. In 1992, under the name Heershadovid Menkes, he published the first of three books of short fiction set mainly in 19th-century Lithuania. Oyb nisht nokh kliger (“If Not Wiser”), in the collection…

Gil Kane was a Latvian-born American comic book artist whose innovative and dramatic style and precise drawing technique brought new life and vibrancy to such classic superheroes as Spider-Man, Green Lantern, Captain Marvel, the Incredible Hulk, and the Atom—in addition to characters he created,

Elihu Katz was an American sociologist who significantly contributed to the study of mass communication. Some of his most notable work included research on such topics as the intersection of mass communication and interpersonal communication, media uses and gratifications, and media effects. Katz

philosophy of logic: Linguistics: …be made of attempts by Jerrold J. Katz, a U.S. grammarian-philosopher, and others to give a linguistic characterization of such fundamental logical notions as analyticity; the sketch by Montague of a “universal grammar” based on his intensional logic; and the suggestion (by several logicians and linguists) that what linguists call…

Joel Grey is an American actor, singer, and dancer who was best known for his riveting performance as the depraved and worldly master of ceremonies in the Kander and Ebb musical Cabaret, in both the 1966 stage version and the 1972 film adaptation. Grey was the son of the popular comic musician

PKZip: …the mid-1980s American computer programmer Phillip Katz began developing his own compression program, PKARC, which was based on SEA’s product and used the ARC file format. Katz’s program was faster and more efficient than ARC, and in 1986 Katz founded his own company, PKWARE, Inc., to promote the product. PKARC…

Sir Bernard Katz was a German-born British physiologist who investigated the functioning of nerves and muscles. His studies on the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine—which carries impulses from nerve fibre to muscle fibre or from one nerve ending to another—won him a share (with Julius

Blood, Sweat & Tears: …5, 1944, Brooklyn, New York), Steve Katz (b. May 9, 1945, Brooklyn), Bobby Colomby (b. December 20, 1944, New York City), Jim Fielder (b. October 4, 1947, Denton, Texas), Jerry Weiss (b. May 1, 1946, New York City), Fred Lipsius (b. November 19, 1943, Bronx, New York), Dick Halligan (b.…

Jeffrey Katzenberg is an American entrepreneur who played a pivotal role in transforming the Walt Disney Company into a multibillion-dollar empire and who, along with filmmaker Steven Spielberg and music mogul David Geffen, founded the film studio DreamWorks SKG. Katzenberg attended New York

comic strip: The United States: …Max and Moritz, called the Katzenjammer Kids, which proved an instant success. It survived in syndication into the 21st century, under its sixth author. The market-driven tendency to continue strips in their formula if not their spirit after the death of the original author(s) has given extraordinary longevity to many…

Ephraim Katzir was a Russian-born scientist and politician who was the fourth president of Israel (1973–78). Katzir moved with his family to Palestine when he was nine years old. After graduating from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, he became an assistant in the university’s department of

flag of Kenya: …World War II was the Kenya African Union (KAU), the predecessor of the Kenya African National Union. The party’s original flag, introduced on September 3, 1951, was black and red with a central shield and arrow. In the following year the background was altered to three equal horizontal stripes of…

Easter Island: Relief: …the extremely deep crater of Rano Kao, which is about 3,000 feet (900 metres) wide, is piped to Hanga Roa. The coast is formed by soft, eroded, ashy cliffs, with a vertical drop of about 500 to 1,000 feet (150 to 300 metres); the cliffs are intercepted by long stretches…

Kauai, volcanic island, Kauai county, Hawaii, U.S. It lies 72 miles (116 km) northwest of Oahu island across the Kauai Channel. The northernmost and geologically the oldest of the major Hawaiian islands, it is also the most verdant and one of the most scenic and is known as the Garden Isle; the

Kauai, volcanic island, Kauai county, Hawaii, U.S. It lies 72 miles (116 km) northwest of Oahu island across the Kauai Channel. The northernmost and geologically the oldest of the major Hawaiian islands, it is also the most verdant and one of the most scenic and is known as the Garden Isle; the

Kauai King, (foaled 1963), American racehorse (Thoroughbred) who in 1966 won the Kentucky Derby and the Preakness Stakes but lost at the Belmont Stakes, ending his bid for the coveted Triple Crown of American horse racing. As a two-year-old, Kauai King won only once in four races and earned a total

Kauai: …concentrated in Lihue, include the Kauai Museum, which features the work of local artists and exhibits on Hawaiian history, and the Grove Farm Homestead Museum, a historic sugar plantation. On the west side of the island is Waimea Canyon, known as the “Grand Canyon of the Pacific,” some 14 miles…

Art Deco: …Poiret and the graphic artist Edward McKnight Kauffer represent those whose work directly reached a larger audience. New York City’s Rockefeller Center (especially its interiors supervised by Donald Deskey; built between 1929 and 1940), the Chrysler Building by William Van Alen, and the

Art Deco: …Poiret and the graphic artist Edward McKnight Kauffer represent those whose work directly reached a larger audience. New York City’s Rockefeller Center (especially its interiors supervised by Donald Deskey; built between 1929 and 1940), the Chrysler Building by William Van Alen, and the

Moshe Safdie: …in Bentonville, Arkansas; and the Kauffman Center for the Performing Arts (2011) in Kansas City, Missouri. Safdie opened an office in Singapore in 2007 and one in Shanghai in 2011. By the early 2010s he had completed several projects in southern Asia, including the Marina Bay Sands Integrated Resort (2011),…

Angelica Kauffmann was a painter in the early Neoclassical style who is best known for her decorative wall paintings for residences designed by Robert Adam. The daughter of Johann Joseph Kauffmann, a painter, Angelica was a precocious child and a talented musician and painter by her 12th year. Her

Angelica Kauffmann was a painter in the early Neoclassical style who is best known for her decorative wall paintings for residences designed by Robert Adam. The daughter of Johann Joseph Kauffmann, a painter, Angelica was a precocious child and a talented musician and painter by her 12th year. Her

Angelica Kauffmann was a painter in the early Neoclassical style who is best known for her decorative wall paintings for residences designed by Robert Adam. The daughter of Johann Joseph Kauffmann, a painter, Angelica was a precocious child and a talented musician and painter by her 12th year. Her

Sylvie Kauffmann is a French journalist who became the first female to serve as the executive editor of France’s leading daily newspaper, Le Monde (2010–11). Kauffmann earned degrees from the Training Centre for Journalists in Paris, the Institute for Political Studies in Aix-en-Provence, France,

Will Durant and Ariel Durant: …Los Angeles) were American husband-and-wife writing collaborators whose Story of Civilization, 11 vol. (1935–75), established them among the best-known writers of popular philosophy and history.

Andy Kaufman was an American comedian, actor, and performance artist. His groundbreaking and experimental comedic acts made him one of the most influential comics of all time. Kaufman grew up with ambitions to become a performer, stoked in many ways by his passionate fandom of professional

Andy Kaufman was an American comedian, actor, and performance artist. His groundbreaking and experimental comedic acts made him one of the most influential comics of all time. Kaufman grew up with ambitions to become a performer, stoked in many ways by his passionate fandom of professional

Bob Kaufman was an innovative African-American poet who became an important figure of the Beat movement. With a Roman Catholic mother, a German-Jewish father, and a grandmother who believed in voodoo, Kaufman was exposed to a wide variety of religious influences; he eventually adopted Buddhism. At

Charlie Kaufman is an American screenwriter and director known for his offbeat films and ambitious narrative style. Kaufman earned a B.F.A. from the Kanbar Institute of Film and Television at New York University in 1980. Prior to breaking into the film industry, he worked in the circulation

Charlie Kaufman is an American screenwriter and director known for his offbeat films and ambitious narrative style. Kaufman earned a B.F.A. from the Kanbar Institute of Film and Television at New York University in 1980. Prior to breaking into the film industry, he worked in the circulation

Dziga Vertov was a Soviet motion-picture director whose kino-glaz (“film-eye”) theory—that the camera is an instrument, much like the human eye, that is best used to explore the actual happenings of real life—had an international impact on the development of documentaries and cinema realism during

George S. Kaufman was an American playwright and journalist, who became the stage director of most of his plays and musical comedies after the mid-1920s. He was the most successful craftsman of the American theatre in the era between World Wars I and II, and many of his plays were Broadway hits.

Will Durant and Ariel Durant: …Los Angeles) were American husband-and-wife writing collaborators whose Story of Civilization, 11 vol. (1935–75), established them among the best-known writers of popular philosophy and history.

Irving Robert Kaufman was a U.S. judge who presided over the celebrated case of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg in 1951 and sentenced them to death in the electric chair after finding them guilty of having conspired to deliver atomic bomb secrets to the Soviet Union; they were the first American

Moisés Kaufman is a Venezuelan-born playwright and director who is best known for perceptive and moving plays often rooted in issues of sexuality. He was cofounder in 1991 of Tectonic Theater Project, a company dedicated to examining the structure and language of theatre as well as addressing

Lenin Peak, highest summit (23,406 feet [7,134 metres]) of the Trans-Alai Range on the frontier of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Once thought to be the highest mountain in what was then the Soviet Union, Lenin Peak was relegated to third place by the discovery in 1932–33 that Stalin Peak (after 1962

Philip Kaufman is an American film director and screenwriter who is especially known for his adaptations of literary works, notably The Right Stuff (1983) and The Unbearable Lightness of Being (1988). After graduating from the University of Chicago, Kaufman attended Harvard Law School before moving

Bob Kaufman was an innovative African-American poet who became an important figure of the Beat movement. With a Roman Catholic mother, a German-Jewish father, and a grandmother who believed in voodoo, Kaufman was exposed to a wide variety of religious influences; he eventually adopted Buddhism. At

Mesoamerican Indian languages: Mesoamerican writing systems: …reported by John Justeson and Terrence Kaufman in Science in 1993. The keys to its decipherment were the hypothesis that the text represents a Mixe-Zoquean language; the discovery of La Mojarra stela (1986)—a stela with 465 glyphs in a writing unlike the Mayan, Zapotec, Mixtec, or Aztec scripts, although it…

Angelica Kauffmann was a painter in the early Neoclassical style who is best known for her decorative wall paintings for residences designed by Robert Adam. The daughter of Johann Joseph Kauffmann, a painter, Angelica was a precocious child and a talented musician and painter by her 12th year. Her

Fallingwater: Edgar J. Kaufmann, Sr., a department store magnate, and his wife, Liliane, commissioned Wright to design a weekend retreat on the family’s land near the former Bear Run community southeast of Pittsburgh. Kaufmann had been introduced to Wright by his son, Edgar, in 1934, when…

Jonas Kaufmann is a German opera tenor renowned for his extraordinary technique, his versatility as a performer of German, French, and Italian repertoire, and his charismatic projection of a range of emotions. Kaufmann was raised in a family of music lovers but not of professional musicians. His

Konstantin Petrovich Kaufmann was a general who conquered vast territories in Central Asia for the Russian Empire and ruled Russian Turkistan for two decades. Having been trained as an engineer, Kaufmann served in the Caucasus in the early years of his military career (1840s), commanded a sappers’

biblical literature: The modern period: Yehezkel Kaufmann (1890–1963) produced the encyclopaedic History of Israelite Religion from Its Beginnings to the End of the Second Temple (8 vol., 1937–56) in Hebrew that pursues a path involving a radical revision of current biblical criticism and interpretation. Mosheh Zevi Hirsh Segal (died 1968)…

Kamehameha III was the king of Hawaii from 1825 to 1854, and the brother of Kamehameha II. Only 10 years of age when he succeeded to the throne, he was initially under the regency of Kamehameha I’s favourite wife, Kaahumanu, who had been regent ever since Kamehameha II had visited England in 1824

Baltic religion: Forest and agricultural deities: …cared for by the Latvian Mājas gars (“Spirit of the House”; Lithuanian Kaukas), which lives in the hearth. Similarly, other farm buildings have their own patrons—Latvian Pirts māte (“Mother of the Bathhouse”) and Rijas māte (“Mother of the Threshing House”); Lithuanian Gabjauja.

The Caucasian Chalk Circle, a play consisting of a prologue and five scenes by Bertolt Brecht, first produced in English in 1948 and in German as Der kaukasische Kreidekreis in 1949. The work is based on the German writer Klabund’s play Der Kreidekreis (1924), itself a translation and adaptation of

Kaukauveld, westward extension of the Kalahari (desert) in Namibia and extreme northwestern Botswana, locally called the omaheke (sandveld). It has an area of about 32,000 square miles (83,000 square km), lies east of the town of Grootfontein, and is bordered on the north and south by two

Jefferson Airplane: January 28, 2016, San Francisco) Jorma Kaukonen (b. December 23, 1940, Washington, D.C., U.S.) Signe Anderson (b. September 15, 1941, Seattle, Washington, U.S.—d. January 28, 2016, Beaverton, Oregon) Skip Spence (b. April 18, 1946, Ontario, Canada—d. April 16, 1999, Santa Cruz, California, U.S.)

Bollywood: Parallel cinema: …led by directors such as Mani Kaul (Uski Roti [1969; “Another’s Bread”], Duvidha [1973; “Dilemma”]), Shyam Benegal (Ankur [1974; “Seedling”], Nishant [1975; “Night’s End”], Bhumika [1977; “Role”]), and Govind Nihalani (Aakrosh [1980; “Outrage”], Ardh Satya [1983; “Half Truth”]). Operating on small budgets precluded the casting of stars

Kollam, port city, southern Kerala state, southwestern India. It lies on the Malabar Coast of the Arabian Sea northwest of Thiruvananthapuram, the state capital. The city is situated next to Asthamudi Lake, an inlet of the sea, and is linked with Alappuzha and Kochi (Cochin) to the north by a

Wilhelm von Kaulbach was a painter, illustrator, and muralist associated with the German Romantic movement. From 1822 Kaulbach studied under Peter von Cornelius at the Düsseldorf Academy. When Cornelius became director of the academy in Munich in 1824, he brought Kaulbach to Munich. Kaulbach

Wilhelm von Kaulbach was a painter, illustrator, and muralist associated with the German Romantic movement. From 1822 Kaulbach studied under Peter von Cornelius at the Düsseldorf Academy. When Cornelius became director of the academy in Munich in 1824, he brought Kaulbach to Munich. Kaulbach

Kowloon Peninsula, part of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, southeastern China, that was returned to China with the handover of Hong Kong from the British in 1997. It constitutes the Chinese mainland portion of the Hong Kong region and is located north of Hong Kong Island and east of

Kowloon Peninsula, part of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, southeastern China, that was returned to China with the handover of Hong Kong from the British in 1997. It constitutes the Chinese mainland portion of the Hong Kong region and is located north of Hong Kong Island and east of

Saptamatrika: Maheshvari (wife of Shiva), Kaumari (wife of Kumara), Vaishnavi (wife of Vishnu), Varahi (wife of Varaha, or the boar, an avatar [incarnation] of Vishnu), Indrani (wife of Indra), and Chamunda, or Yami (wife of Yama). One text, the

Amitabh Bachchan: TV career: …hosted the television game show Kaun Banega Crorepati (KBC), the Indian version of the American and British hit Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? His easygoing nature and charisma helped make the show one of India’s top television programs. The KBC years were a major factor in the revival of…

dress: Mesopotamia: Named kaunakes by the Greeks, this tufted fabric is shown in all the sculptures and mosaics of the period, as, for example, in the art from the excavations at Ur exhibited in the British Museum in London. At this time, also, long cloaks were worn, and…

Kaunas, town, southern Lithuania. It lies at the head of navigation on the Neman (Lithuanian Nemunas) River, there joined by the tributary Viliya (Lithuanian Neris) River. Founded as a fortress in 1030, Kaunas became a town in 1317 and received its charter of self-government in 1408. It was

Yangiyul, city, Uzbekistan. The city lies in the middle of the Tashkent oasis. Formerly a village on the site of the ancient settlement of Kaunchi-Tepe, it developed between World Wars I and II because of its proximity to Tashkent and its situation on the Tashkent–Samarkand railway and Great Uzbek

Kenneth Kaunda was a politician who led Zambia to independence in 1964 and served as that country’s president until 1991. Kaunda’s father, who was from Nyasaland (now Malawi), was a schoolteacher; his mother, also a teacher, was the first African woman to teach in colonial Zambia. Both taught among

Kenneth Kaunda was a politician who led Zambia to independence in 1964 and served as that country’s president until 1991. Kaunda’s father, who was from Nyasaland (now Malawi), was a schoolteacher; his mother, also a teacher, was the first African woman to teach in colonial Zambia. Both taught among

Klemens von Metternich: Early life: In September 1795 Metternich married Eleonore, Gräfin von Kaunitz, heiress and granddaughter of the former Austrian state chancellor Wenzel Anton, Graf von Kaunitz. That marriage gave him the link with the high nobility of Austria and the access to high office he had long desired. After having represented the Roman…

Wenzel Anton von Kaunitz was an Austrian state chancellor during the eventful decades from the Seven Years’ War (1756–63) to the beginning of the coalition wars against Revolutionary France (1792). Kaunitz was responsible for the foreign policy of the Habsburg monarchy, and he served as principal

Trondheim, historic port, central Norway. It lies on a sheltered peninsula on the southern shore of the deeply indented Trondheims Fjord at the mouth of the Nidelva (river), 23 miles (37 km) southeast of the Norwegian Sea. It was founded in 997 by King Olaf I Tryggvason as the village of Kaupangr;

32 Notable Women Cricketers: Harmanpreet Kaur: Harmanpreet Kaur debuted for India in 2009 but is best remembered for an unbeaten innings of 171, which helped underdogs India beat Australia to reach the final of the 2017 Women’s ODI World Cup. The knock made her a household name in India…

Kaura Namoda, town, Zamfara state, northern Nigeria, on the Gagere River (a tributary of the Rima). Originally a small settlement of Maguzawas (an animistic Hausa people), it was ruled by the kings of Zamfara, one of the banza bakwai (“the seven illegitimate states” of the Hausa people), whose

Mahabharata: …as the grandfather of the Kauravas and the Pandavas. The date and even the historical occurrence of the war that is the central event of the Mahabharata are much debated.

kauri pine, (Agathis australis), a resinous timber conifer of the family Araucariaceae, native to the North Island of New Zealand. The tree sometimes reaches 45 metres (150 feet) in height, with a diameter up to 7 m (23 ft). Kauri resin, obtained from this and other Agathis species, is an

Ghaghara River, major left-bank tributary of the Ganges River. It rises as the Karnali River (Chinese: Kongque He) in the high Himalayas of southern Tibet Autonomous Region, China, and flows southeast through Nepal. Cutting southward across the Siwalik Range, it splits into two branches that rejoin

History of film: European cinema: …Portugal, Théo Angelopoulos of Greece, Aki Kaurismäki of Finland, and Nanni Moretti of Italy. Almodóvar, who had broken sexual taboos in his early work, entered a mature period of great human subtlety and complexity in the 1990s and 2000s with such works as La flor de mi secreto (1995; The…

Arabia: Climate of Arabia: …shamāl is the less frequent qaws from the southeast. The wind regimes of Najd and the Rubʿ al-Khali are complex, particularly during spring. The winds may come from any point of the compass and vary in intensity from zephyr to gale.

Sagittarius: The brightest star is Kaus Australis (from the Arabic for “bow” and the Latin for “southern,” respectively; it is also called Epsilon Sagittarii), with a magnitude of 1.9. Many of the stars are arranged in the prominent asterism called the Teapot.

India: Location: …been moved from Hastinapura to Kaushambi when the former was devastated by a great flood, which excavations show to have occurred about the 9th century bce. The Mallas lived in eastern Uttar Pradesh. Avanti arose in the Ujjain-Narmada valley region, with its capital at Mahishmati; during the reign of King…

Kali, in Hinduism, goddess of time, doomsday, and death, or the black goddess (the feminine form of Sanskrit kala, “time-doomsday-death” or “black”). Kali’s iconography, cult, and mythology commonly associate her not only with death but also with disorder, sexuality, violence, and, paradoxically,