Social Democratic Party of Japan (SDPJ), leftist party in Japan that supports an evolving socialized economy and a neutralist foreign policy. Japan’s first socialist parties appeared in the mid-1920s; moderate factions of the country’s labour movement combined to form the Social Mass Party (Shakai

fusion reactor: Magnetic confinement: …in England; the Tokamak-60 (JT-60) of the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute; and the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory in New Jersey, respectively.

gas: Equation of state: virial coefficients and depend only on the temperature and the particular gas. The virtue of this equation is that there is a rigorous connection between the virial coefficients and intermolecular forces, and experimental values of B(T) were an early source (and still a useful one)…

Jewish Theological Seminary of America (JTSA), the academic and spiritual centre of Conservative Judaism in the United States. Founded in New York City in 1886 as the Jewish Theological Seminary Association, the institution was first headed by Rabbi Sabato Morais, whose declared goal was to educate

Japanese Trade Union Confederation (Rengō), largest national trade union in Japan. The federation was founded in 1989 and absorbed its predecessors—including the General Council of Trade Unions of Japan (Sōhyō), the Japanese Confederation of Labour (Dōmei), and others—and brought together both

jujitsu: …these systems was the concept jū, from a Chinese character commonly interpreted as “gentle”—gentle, however, in the sense of bending or yielding to an opponent’s direction of attack while attempting to control it. Also involved was the use of hard or tough parts of the body (e.g., knuckles, fists, elbows,…

Hugo Junkers: …supplying the Luftwaffe with the Ju 52, a trimotor monoplane used as a troop transport and glider tug; the Ju 87 dive bomber (Sturzkampfflugzeug, shortened to “Stuka”); and the Ju 88, a twin-engine all-purpose bomber.

Stuka: …low-wing, single-engine monoplane—especially the Junkers JU 87 dive-bomber—used by the German Luftwaffe from 1937 to 1945, with especially telling effect during the first half of World War II. The Stuka was designed to employ the dive-bombing technique developed earlier by the U.S. Navy—i.e., diving on the target at a steep…

air warfare: Air superiority: … and Mosquito and the German Ju-88 and Bf-110. Some of these long-range, twin-engined night fighters also served as “intruders,” slipping into enemy bomber formations, following them home, and shooting them down over their own airfields.

Zhang Yimou: …number of Zhang’s films, including Ju Dou (1990), a drama about a woman in a loveless marriage who has an affair. Although banned in China, the film was an international success, and it became the first Chinese movie to be nominated for an Academy Award for best foreign film. Several…

Chu Ki-Chol was a Korean Presbyterian minister who suffered martyrdom because of his opposition to Japanese demands that Christians pay reverence at Shintō shrines. The demand was one of many requirements imposed by Japan during its occupation of Korea (1905–45) to instill obedience and supplant

Khoisan languages: Phonology: …in | Gui, 55 in Ju, and 83 in !Xóõ. To the click complexes must be added varying numbers of nonclick consonants resulting in some uniquely large and complicated consonant systems. The | Gui system of 90 consonants, the Ju system of 105 consonants, and the !Xóõ system of 126…

Luan River, river in Hebei province, northern China. The Luan rises in northern Hebei and flows northward into the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region through steep gorges; in its headstream it is called the Shandian River. It passes north of the ancient Mongol capital of Shangdu (Kaiping), for which

Ru kiln, kiln known for creating highly prized Chinese stoneware. The Ru kiln produced ware for a short period during the years when Northern Song emperors Zhezong (1085–1110) and Huizong (1110–1125) ruled. No more than 60 intact pieces from the kiln were known before the discovery in 1986 of the

Ju Wenjun is a Chinese chess player who became the women’s world chess champion in 2018. Ju learned to play chess at the age of seven, when she chose lessons as something interesting to do after school. She soon started to do well against local players her same age and in national tournaments. She

Ru kiln, kiln known for creating highly prized Chinese stoneware. The Ru kiln produced ware for a short period during the years when Northern Song emperors Zhezong (1085–1110) and Huizong (1110–1125) ruled. No more than 60 intact pieces from the kiln were known before the discovery in 1986 of the

Stuka: …low-wing, single-engine monoplane—especially the Junkers JU 87 dive-bomber—used by the German Luftwaffe from 1937 to 1945, with especially telling effect during the first half of World War II. The Stuka was designed to employ the dive-bombing technique developed earlier by the U.S. Navy—i.e., diving on the target at a steep…

Huizong: …formed an alliance with the Juchen (Chinese: Nüzhen, or Ruzhen) tribes of Manchuria (now the Northeast region of China). The resulting victory over the Liao was wholly illusory, since it was the Juchen who turned out to be the real menace. In mounting crisis, Huizong abdicated in 1125/26 in favour…

Jin dynasty, (1115–1234), dynasty that ruled an empire formed by the Tungus Juchen (or Jurchen) tribes of Manchuria. The empire covered much of Inner Asia and all of present-day North China. Originally subjects of the Liao, an Inner Asian dynasty created in the 10th century by the Khitan tribes,

Wu Jingzi: 1750; The Scholars).

Juan Bautista de Anza II was a Spanish military commander and explorer who led settlers on an overland route from the Sonoran Desert to the coast of California. Starting in 1775, Anza led a group of more than 240 settlers on a journey across the frontier of the Viceroyalty of New Spain to establish

Juan Carlos was the king of Spain from 1975 to 2014. He acceded to the Spanish throne two days after the death of Francisco Franco. Juan Carlos was instrumental in Spain’s peaceful transition to democracy. Juan Carlos was the grandson of the last king, Alfonso XIII, who left Spain in 1931 and died

Juan Carlos was the king of Spain from 1975 to 2014. He acceded to the Spanish throne two days after the death of Francisco Franco. Juan Carlos was instrumental in Spain’s peaceful transition to democracy. Juan Carlos was the grandson of the last king, Alfonso XIII, who left Spain in 1931 and died

Ruan Ji was an eccentric Chinese poet and the most renowned member of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove, a group of 3rd-century poets and philosophers who sought refuge from worldly pressures in a life of drinking and verse making. Born into a prominent family, Ruan Ji was faced with the choice

Juan de Austria was an illegitimate son of the Holy Roman emperor Charles V and half brother of King Philip II of Spain who, as a Spanish military commander, achieved victory over the Turks in the historic naval Battle of Lepanto. Removed from his mother, a burgher’s daughter, at an early age, he

Juan de Austria was an illegitimate son of the Holy Roman emperor Charles V and half brother of King Philip II of Spain who, as a Spanish military commander, achieved victory over the Turks in the historic naval Battle of Lepanto. Removed from his mother, a burgher’s daughter, at an early age, he

St. John of Ávila ; canonized 1970; feast day May 10) was a reformer, one of the greatest preachers of his time, author, and spiritual director whose religious leadership in 16th-century Spain earned him the title “Apostle of Andalusia.” Jewish-born, John attended the Universities of Salamanca and

Saint John of God ; canonized 1690; feast day March 8) was the founder of the Hospitaller Order of St. John of God (Brothers Hospitallers), a Roman Catholic religious order of nursing brothers. In 1886 Pope Leo XIII declared him patron of hospitals and the sick. Formerly a shepherd and soldier, he

Pacific mountain system: Geology: The Juan de Fuca Plate, east of this spreading centre, is subducting under the North American Plate. The molten mantle rock produced by this subduction is responsible for the major volcanoes in the Cascade Range. All the Cascade composite cones are of the explosive type, their…

oceanic crust: Marine magnetic anomalies: …magnetic anomalies mapped over the Juan de Fuca Ridge, a spreading centre off the northwest United States. They thus dated the crust there and also computed the first seafloor spreading rate of about 30 mm (1.2 inches) per year. The rate is computed by dividing the distance of an anomaly…

Juan de Fuca Strait, narrow passage, 11–17 miles (18–27 km) in width, of the eastern North Pacific Ocean, between the Olympic Peninsula of Washington state, U.S., and Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Can. Part of the United States–Canadian international boundary lies in mid-channel. From Cape

St. John of the Cross ; canonized 1726; feast day December 14) was one of the greatest Christian mystics and Spanish poets, doctor of the church, reformer of Spanish monasticism, and cofounder of the contemplative order of Discalced Carmelites. He is a patron saint of mystics and contemplatives and

Native American music: Participation in art music: …music during the 1600s included Juan de Lienas of Mexico City and Juan Matías, who served as the chapelmaster at Oaxaca (now in Mexico) from about 1655 through 1667. The first published Native North American composer of European art music was Thomas Commuck, whose hymnal, as mentioned above, appeared in…

John of Saint Thomas was a philosopher and theologian whose comprehensive commentaries on Roman Catholic doctrine made him a leading spokesman for post-Reformation Thomism, a school of thought named after its foremost theorist, St. Thomas Aquinas (c. 1225–74), who systematically integrated Catholic

St. John of the Cross ; canonized 1726; feast day December 14) was one of the greatest Christian mystics and Spanish poets, doctor of the church, reformer of Spanish monasticism, and cofounder of the contemplative order of Discalced Carmelites. He is a patron saint of mystics and contemplatives and

St. Juan Diego ; canonized July 31, 2002; feast day December 9) was an Indigenous Mexican convert to Roman Catholicism who, according to tradition, was visited by the Virgin Mary (Our Lady of Guadalupe) on four occasions in December 1531. He was the first Indigenous person of the Americas to be

fur seal: galapagoensis), and the Juan Fernandez fur seal (A. philippii), all of which were hunted nearly to the point of extinction, have been protected by law.

Juan Fernández Islands, small cluster of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, situated about 400 miles (650 km) west of and administratively part of Chile. They consist of the 36-square-mile (93-square-km) Isla Robinson Crusoe (also called Isla Más a Tierra); the 33-square-mile Isla Alejandro

Juan Fernández Islands: …2018 the Chilean government created Juan Fernández Islands Marine Park, a protected area that encompasses over 100,000 square miles (almost 260,000 square km) of ocean around the islands.

Spanish literature: Post-Romantic drama and poetry: …themes, dramatizing working-class conditions in Juan José (performed 1895).

Juan José de Austria was the most famous of the illegitimate children of King Philip IV of Spain. He served with some success as a Spanish military commander and from 1677 until his death was chief minister to King Charles II. Juan José was the son of King Philip IV of Spain and María Calderón, a

Juan José de Austria was the most famous of the illegitimate children of King Philip IV of Spain. He served with some success as a Spanish military commander and from 1677 until his death was chief minister to King Charles II. Juan José was the son of King Philip IV of Spain and María Calderón, a

Don Juan Manuel was a nobleman and man of letters who has been called the most important prose writer of 14th-century Spain. The infante Don Juan Manuel was the grandson of Ferdinand III and the nephew of Alfonso X. He fought against the Moors when only 12 years old, and the rest of his life was

Ruan Yuan was a bibliophile, scholar, and official of the Qing (Manchu) dynasty who between 1817 and 1826 served as governor-general of the southern province of Guangdong, through which all British trade was required to pass. Thus, Ruan was the top Chinese official in charge of relations with the

Juan-juan, Central Asian people of historical importance. Because of the titles of their rulers, khan and khagan, scholars believe that the Juan-juan were Mongols or Mongol-speaking peoples. The empire of the Juan-juan lasted from the beginning of the 5th century ad to the middle of the 6th

Joan was the queen of Castile (from 1504) and of Aragon (from 1516), though power was exercised for her by her husband, Philip I, her father, Ferdinand II, and her son, the emperor Charles V (Charles I of Spain). Joan was the third child of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile and

Carlos de Aragon, prince de Viana: …John sent his second wife, Juana of Castile, to supervise the Navarrese government (1451), and civil war began between beaumonteses, who defended Prince Carlos’ rights, and agramonteses, supporters of Juana. Defeated and disinherited, Carlos fled to the Neapolitan court of his uncle, Alfonso V of Aragon (1455), devoting himself to…

Luiseño, North American Indians who spoke a Uto-Aztecan language and inhabited a region extending from what is now Los Angeles to San Diego, Calif., U.S. Some of the group were named Luiseño after the Mission San Luis Rey de Francia; others were called Juaneño because of their association with the

Juanes is a Colombian guitarist, singer, songwriter, and activist who had an absorbing stage presence and gained international recognition in the early 21st century for his passionate songs of romantic love and social struggle. When Juanes was seven years old, his father and brothers taught him to

South Asian arts: Folk dance: The Juang tribe in Orissa performs bird and animal dances with vivid miming and powerful muscular agility.

merengue: , jaleo and juangomero. The traditional accompaniment, which often combines duple and triple meters and sometimes produces 5 8 effects, is an ensemble consisting of guitar, metal scraper (charrasca), and two drums (one single-headed, the other double).

Antonio Berni: Juanito Laguna Goes to the City (1963) shows the boy in his best clothes, a sack on his back as he climbs through the refuse that fills the slum. In this work and others, Berni included objects and materials that he collected in the slums…

Eduardo Chillida was a Spanish sculptor who achieved international recognition with works displayed at the 1958 Venice Biennale. His sculpture is characterized by his craftsman’s respect for materials, both in his small iron pieces and in his later, monumental works in granite. After studying

Alberto Juantorena is a Cuban runner who won gold medals in both the 400- and 800-metre races at the 1976 Olympics in Montreal, becoming the first athlete to win both races in one Olympics. A member of the Cuban national basketball team, Juantorena switched to track at age 20. Standing 1.88 metres

Alberto Juantorena is a Cuban runner who won gold medals in both the 400- and 800-metre races at the 1976 Olympics in Montreal, becoming the first athlete to win both races in one Olympics. A member of the Cuban national basketball team, Juantorena switched to track at age 20. Standing 1.88 metres

John Huston: Early work: Clitterhouse (1938), and William Dieterle’s Juarez (1939) before directing his father in A Passage to Bali on Broadway in 1940.

Juárez, city, northern Chihuahua estado (state), northern Mexico. It is located on the Rio Grande (Río Bravo del Norte) opposite El Paso, Texas, U.S., with which it is connected by bridges. Formerly known as El Paso del Norte, it was renamed in 1888 for the Mexican president Benito Juárez, who

Argentina: The crisis of 1890: The government of Roca’s successor, Miguel Juárez Celman (1886–90), had avoided launching an unpopular anti-inflationary program, but this inaction sparked criticism both within and outside the official party ranks. In July 1890 a revolt erupted that had strong support from within the army, but it was defeated by loyal elements.…

Benito Juárez was president of Mexico from 1861 to 1872. For three years (1864–67), he fought against foreign occupation under the emperor Maximilian and sought constitutional reforms to create a democratic federal republic. His accomplishments made him a national hero in Mexico. Juárez was born of

Benito Juárez was president of Mexico from 1861 to 1872. For three years (1864–67), he fought against foreign occupation under the emperor Maximilian and sought constitutional reforms to create a democratic federal republic. His accomplishments made him a national hero in Mexico. Juárez was born of

Juazeiro, city, northern Bahia estado (state), northeastern Brazil. It lies along the São Francisco River, at 1,224 feet (373 metres) above sea level. Juazeiro became a city in 1878. It is the trade and transportation centre for an agricultural and livestock-raising region that is one of the driest

Juazeiro do Norte, city, southern Ceará estado (state), northeastern Brazil. It lies in the interior uplands, at the foot of the 2,953-foot (900-metre) Chapada do Araripe. Juazeiro do Norte and the nearby city of Crato (about 20 miles [32 km] west) are among the main urban centres of northeastern

Juba I was the king of Numidia who sided with the followers of Pompey and the Roman Senate in their war against Julius Caesar in North Africa (49–45 bc). Succeeding his father, Hiempsal II, sometime between 63 and 50, Juba became bitterly hostile toward Caesar because of a personal insult (probably

Juba, town, capital of South Sudan. It is a river port on the west bank of the Baḥr Al-Jabal (Mountain Nile), about 87 miles (140 km) south of Bor. Juba is a commercial centre for agricultural products produced in the surrounding area. It is a southern terminus for river traffic in South Sudan, and

juba, dance of Afro-American slaves, found as late as the 19th century from Dutch Guiana to the Caribbean and the southern United States. It was danced by a circle of men around two men who performed various steps (e.g., the juba, the long dog scratch, the pigeon wing) in response to a rhythmic

Juba I was the king of Numidia who sided with the followers of Pompey and the Roman Senate in their war against Julius Caesar in North Africa (49–45 bc). Succeeding his father, Hiempsal II, sometime between 63 and 50, Juba became bitterly hostile toward Caesar because of a personal insult (probably

Juba II was the son of Juba I and king of the North African states of Numidia (29–25 bc) and Mauretania (25 bc–ad 24). Juba also was a prolific writer in Greek on a variety of subjects, including history, geography, grammar, and the theatre. As a child of about five Juba was paraded in Rome in

Jubba River, principal river of Somalia in northeastern Africa. Originating via its headwater streams in the Mendebo Mountains of southern Ethiopia, it flows about 545 miles (875 km) from Doolow on the Ethiopian frontier to the Indian Ocean just north of Kismaayo, one of Somalia’s three main ports.

Master Juba was known as the “father of tap dance” and the first African American to get top billing over a white performer in a minstrel show. He invented new techniques of creating rhythm by combining elements of African American vernacular dance, Irish jigs, and clogging. William Henry Lane was

palm: Economic importance: …and the coquito palm (Jubaea) in America. The sago palm and, to a lesser extent, the sugar palm and the gebang palm are sources of starch obtained from the pith. The fruit of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is a staple in parts of Asia Minor, the Arabian Peninsula,…

Jubail, port city, eastern Saudi Arabia, situated on the Persian Gulf north of Dhahran, near the King Abdulaziz Naval Base. In the early 1970s the Saudi government chose Jubail, an ancient fishing and pearling village, to be the site of a major industrial complex. Its location on the Persian Gulf

Jubail, port city, eastern Saudi Arabia, situated on the Persian Gulf north of Dhahran, near the King Abdulaziz Naval Base. In the early 1970s the Saudi government chose Jubail, an ancient fishing and pearling village, to be the site of a major industrial complex. Its location on the Persian Gulf

Jubail, port city, eastern Saudi Arabia, situated on the Persian Gulf north of Dhahran, near the King Abdulaziz Naval Base. In the early 1970s the Saudi government chose Jubail, an ancient fishing and pearling village, to be the site of a major industrial complex. Its location on the Persian Gulf

Byblos, ancient seaport, the site of which is located on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea about 20 miles (30 km) north of the modern city of Beirut, Lebanon. It is one of the oldest continuously inhabited towns in the world. The name Byblos is Greek; papyrus received its early Greek name (byblos,

Jubail, port city, eastern Saudi Arabia, situated on the Persian Gulf north of Dhahran, near the King Abdulaziz Naval Base. In the early 1970s the Saudi government chose Jubail, an ancient fishing and pearling village, to be the site of a major industrial complex. Its location on the Persian Gulf

Jubba River, principal river of Somalia in northeastern Africa. Originating via its headwater streams in the Mendebo Mountains of southern Ethiopia, it flows about 545 miles (875 km) from Doolow on the Ethiopian frontier to the Indian Ocean just north of Kismaayo, one of Somalia’s three main ports.

dress: The Middle East from the 6th century: …the Arab world is the jellaba, known as the jellabah in Tunisia, a jubbeh in Syria, a gallibiya in Egypt, or a dishdasha in Algeria. The garment generally has wide, long sleeves, and the long skirt may be slit up the sides; some styles are open in front like a…

dress: The Middle East from the 6th century: …the Arab world is the jellaba, known as the jellabah in Tunisia, a jubbeh in Syria, a gallibiya in Egypt, or a dishdasha in Algeria. The garment generally has wide, long sleeves, and the long skirt may be slit up the sides; some styles are open in front like a…

Jabalpur, city, central Madhya Pradesh state, central India. Jabalpur lies just north of the Narmada River in a rocky basin surrounded by low hills that are dotted with lakes and temples. On one of the hills stands the Madan Mahal, an old Gond castle built about 1100 ce by King Madan Singh. Garha,

jube, (from the French jubé), construction marking off the chancel, or sanctuary, of a church from the rest of the interior. Its mature medieval form consisted of three basic elements: a screen (known in England as a rood screen); a gallery, or loft, from which the words Jube, Domine, benedicere

Etterbeek: …is the site of the Cinquantenaire Park (Jubelpark), designed to celebrate Belgium’s 50th year of independence in 1880—though the park’s dramatic centrepiece, the Triumphal Arch, was not completed until 1905. The park also houses several important museums. Pop. (2007 est.) mun., 42,342.

Ike Taiga: …to work on illustrations for Jūben jūgichō (1771; “Ten Advantages and Ten Pleasures”), albums based on the poems of Li Liweng of the early Qing dynasty (1644–1911/12). Ike did the illustrations for the 10 advantages, while Buson did the 10 pleasures. Ike taught his wife, Gyokuran, painting, and she became…

English literature: Poets and poetry after Pope: Jubilate Agno (written during confinement in various asylums between 1758/59 and 1763 but not published until 1939) is composed in free verse and experiments with applying the antiphonal principles of Hebrew poetry to English. A Song to David (1763) is a rhapsodic hymn of praise,…

Cristóbal de Morales: His motet Jubilate Deo omnis terra (in six parts), commissioned by Pope Paul III to mark the peace treaty between Charles V and Francis I, was later parodied by Tomás Luis de Victoria in his mass Gaudeamus, and Francisco Guerrero based his mass Sancta et immaculata on…

Cole Porter: …Red, Hot and Blue (1934), Jubilee (1935), Dubarry Was a Lady (1939), Panama Hattie (1940), Kiss Me, Kate (1948, based on William Shakespeare’s The Taming of the Shrew), Can-Can (1953), and Silk Stockings (1955). He concurrently worked on a number of motion pictures.

African American literature: Reconceptualizing Blackness: …of Margaret Walker’s historical novel Jubilee (1966), in liberating Black American women of the South from the stereotypes that had bound them to the “mammy” image while also serving notice to the male- and urban-oriented Black Arts movement that the voices and traditions of Black women, Southern Black culture, and…

Year of Jubilee: History: …Year resembles the Old Testament Jubilee—in which every 50 years the Hebrews celebrated a year of perfect rest, emancipated those they had enslaved, and restored hereditary property—but it does not seem to be based on it. Pope Boniface VIII established the Holy Year in 1300 as a centenary observance. In…

radio: American radio goes to war: Also important was Jubilee, which ran from 1942 to 1953 and was directed at African American soldiers. The show was hosted by comedian Ernest (“Bubbles”) Whitman and featured such entertainers as Lena Horne, Nat “King” Cole, and Count Basie.

Peoria: Jubilee College State Park and Historic Site is about 15 miles (25 km) northwest. Several state fish and wildlife areas are southwest of the city. Inc. city, 1845. Pop. (2010) 115,007; Peoria Metro Area, 379,186; (2020) 113,150; Peoria Metro Area, 402,391.

Juneteenth, holiday observed annually on June 19, commemorating the end of slavery in the United States. A combination of the words June and nineteenth, the holiday, also called Freedom Day, has been celebrated since 1866 and is considered to be one of the oldest continuing African American

Jubilee diamond, flawless, clear white diamond weighing almost 651 carats in rough form, as it was found in the Jaegersfontein mine in South Africa in 1895. It was faceted into a cushion brilliant of about 245 carats in 1897, the year of Queen Victoria’s Diamond Jubilee, from which it takes its

Ghana: Resources and power: Oil production at the offshore Jubilee field began in 2010, and Ghana saw a significant increase in output. This was further supplemented by the start of production at the Tweneboa-Enyenra-Ntomme (TEN) field in 2016 and the Offshore Cape Three Points field in 2017. Natural gas is produced at the aforementioned…

Year of Jubilee, in the Roman Catholic Church, a celebration that is observed for one full year every 25 years, during which Catholics may be granted remission of sins (in the form of an indulgence) by the pope under certain conditions, such as completing a pilgrimage. Many Catholics undertake

Book of Jubilees, pseudepigraphal work (not included in any canon of scripture), most notable for its chronological schema, by which events described in Genesis on through Exodus 12 are dated by jubilees of 49 years, each of which is composed of seven cycles of seven years. The institution of a

sequence: …text, or both) to the jubilus, the florid ending of the last syllable of the Alleluia. The melodic tropes were normally broken into phrases that were repeated in performance (as aa, bb, cc,…) by alternating choirs. Texts set to these and to Alleluia melodies were originally prose and thus were…

Ikot Abasi: In 1870 Jubo Jubogha, a former Igbo (Ibo) enslaved person and ruler of the Anna Pepple house of Bonny (28 miles [45 km] west-southwest), came to Ikot Abasi and founded the kingdom of Opobo, which he named for Opobo the Great, a Pepple king (reigned 1792–1830). Also…

Khalil Gibran was a Lebanese-American philosophical essayist, novelist, poet, and artist. Having received his primary education in Beirut, Gibran immigrated with his parents to Boston in 1895. He returned to Lebanon in 1898 and studied in Beirut, where he excelled in the Arabic language. On his

Petrobras scandal: …weeks after taking office when Romero Juca, the new planning minister and a close confidant of the acting president, was forced to step down amid accusations that he had sought to obstruct the Operation Car Wash investigation. A newspaper released a taped conversation between Juca and an ex-senator under investigation…

Júcar River, river in eastern Spain, rising in the Universales Mountains north of Cuenca city. It flows in a southerly and then easterly direction for 309 miles (498 km) through Cuenca, Albacete, and Valencia provinces and into the Gulf of Valencia, at Cullera. Beyond Cuenca its valley widens and

Juche, state ideology of North Korea and official ideology of the Workers Party of Korea. Typically translated as “self-reliance,” Juche was developed by the founder of the North Korean state and its “eternal president,” Kim Il-Sung, and expounded upon by his son Kim Jong Il. Originally derived