Annie Ernaux: Film adaptations and Nobel Prize: Her work has been adapted to several award-winning films, including L’Evénement (2021; Happening), which won the Golden Lion at the 2021 Venice Film Festival.

Happening, event that combined elements of painting, poetry, music, dance, and theatre and staged them as a live action. The term Happening was coined by the American artist Allan Kaprow in the 1950s. The nature of Happenings was influenced by Italian Futurist performance, where the convention of

M. Night Shyamalan: String of duds and later revival: …Lady in the Water (2006), The Happening (2008), The Last Airbender (2010), and After Earth (2013), were widely panned by critics. The failure of The Last Airbender, an adaptation of the popular animated Nickelodeon series Avatar: The Last Airbender (2005–08), was particularly damaging to Shyamalan’s reputation, and it is often…

Faye Dunaway: …as her first two movies, The Happening and Hurry Sundown, were released early in 1967.

the Yardbirds: …one single, the visionary “Happenings Ten Years Time Ago” (1966), before the band’s short-lived final lineup dissolved in 1968.

Carol Shields: In Happenstance (1980) and A Fairly Conventional Woman (1982), Shields used overlapping narratives to escape the strictures of straightforward narrative told from a single perspective. Marketed in Canada as a crime drama, Swann: A Mystery (1987) is both a sly comedy of manners and a psychological…

Billie Eilish: When We All Fall Asleep, Where Do We Go? and Happier than Ever: …released her second studio album, Happier than Ever, which was noted for its confessional songs, a number of which deal with the downside of her celebrity.

Aubrey Plaza: Emily the Criminal and The White Lotus: …Mackenzie Davis in Clea DuVall’s Happiest Season, a comedy about two women struggling with their romantic relationship over the holidays. She then starred opposite Michael Caine in Best Sellers (2021) and played the titular role in Emily the Criminal (2022), about a young woman who turns to scamming to pay…

Agnès Varda: …Varda directed Le Bonheur (Happiness), an abstract picture of happiness and fidelity that was to be her most controversial film. Les Creatures (The Creatures) was released in 1966, and her most popular films of the next two decades were L’Une chante, l’autre pas (1977; One Sings, the Other Doesn’t)…

happiness, in psychology, a state of emotional well-being that a person experiences either in a narrow sense, when good things happen in a specific moment, or more broadly, as a positive evaluation of one’s life and accomplishments overall—that is, subjective well-being. Happiness can be

Jonas Brothers: …100 chart, and the album Happiness Begins (2019) topped the albums chart. Its popularity was aided by the release of the biographical documentary Chasing Happiness (2019).

Pipilotti Rist: …altered line from a Beatles song. By the late 1980s she was producing vivid and slickly made videos. In the 1990s she exhibited at a number of major venues, including the Museum of Contemporary Art in Chicago, the Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam, and the National Gallery in Berlin. In 1998…

Lake Chūzenji, lake, lying within Nikkō National Park, Tochigi ken (prefecture), north-central Honshu, Japan. It is situated at an elevation of 4,163 feet (1,269 metres) and has a surface area of about 4.6 square miles (11.8 square km). Lake Chūzenji is a resort site noted for its shrines,

Pharrell Williams: Happy, G I R L, and other music projects: …had further success with “Happy,” an effervescent and infectious song that he had written for the animated film Despicable Me 2 (2013). It received an Academy Award nomination for best original song, and Williams performed it at the Oscar ceremony in 2014. His second solo album, G I R…

Beloved children’s author Beverly Cleary turned 100 on April 12, 2016. Once a children’s librarian, she turned her hand to writing in the 1940s, and her first book, Henry Huggins, was published in 1950. That book, and her subsequent body of work as a whole, became classic favorites of American

While Old Faithful in Yellowstone National Park is now considered a treasured U.S. landmark, in the 1800s some people viewed it quite differently—as a laundromat. Explorers and soldiers reportedly placed their clothing in Old Faithful, which would clean the garments when it erupted. In addition,

Vincent D’Onofrio: Roles in Law & Order: Criminal Intent and movies: …future, opposite Marisa Tomei, in Happy Accidents (2000); and embodied Abbie Hoffman in Steal This Movie (2000). In 2001 D’Onofrio began his 10-year run as the riveting central character, Detective Goren, in Law & Order: Criminal Intent.

Gregory Corso: In The Happy Birthday of Death (1960) he returned to an easier, conversational tone. Long Live Man (1962), Selected Poems (1962), The Mutation of the Spirit (1964), Elegiac Feelings American (1970), Herald of the Autochthonic Spirit (1981), and other books of poetry followed. In 1989 Corso…

Patty Smith Hill: …became the melody for “Happy Birthday to You.”

Mark Robson: Later films: …film, earned less attention, and Happy Birthday, Wanda June (1971) was a flawed adaptation of Kurt Vonnegut’s play, with Steiger as a big-game hunter who returns home after having been missing in the Amazon for eight years. The low-budget Limbo (1972) was notable for being among the first films about…

Kurt Vonnegut: Plays, later short stories, and nonfiction: …also wrote several plays, including Happy Birthday, Wanda June (1970; film 1971); several works of nonfiction, such as the collection Wampeters, Foma & Granfalloons (1974); and several collections of short stories, chief among which was Welcome to the Monkey House (1968). In 2005 he published A Man Without a Country:…

Lena Dunham: Later projects: …to mature in the comedy Happy Christmas (2014). In 2017 she joined Ryan Murphy’s anthology series American Horror Story for its seventh season (Cult); she portrayed Valerie Solanas, who shot Andy Warhol in 1968. Dunham later appeared in Quentin Tarantino’s Once Upon a Time…in Hollywood

Judith Leyster: …Carousing Couple (1630; also called The Happy Couple), and Boy Playing the Flute (c. 1635).

Happy Days, American television situation comedy that aired on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) network for 11 seasons (1974–84). The popular show achieved the number one Nielsen rating in its third season. Set in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, during the 1950s and ’60s, Happy Days presented an

Samuel Beckett: Continuity of Beckett’s philosophical explorations: …the same human being? In Happy Days (1961), a woman, literally sinking continually deeper into the ground, nonetheless continues to prattle about the trivialities of life. In other words, perhaps, as one gets nearer and nearer death, one still pretends that life will go on normally forever.

Michael Haneke: …to the big screen with Happy End (2017), which he also wrote. The drama centres on a wealthy dysfunctional family in France.

Jean Simmons: …nomination, for best actress, for The Happy Ending (1969), written and directed by Brooks. Her other screen credits included Angel Face (1953), Guys and Dolls (1955), The Big Country (1958), Elmer Gantry (1960), Spartacus (1960), and

Carlos Fuentes: …Todas las familias felices (2006; Happy Families: Stories).

Savion Glover: …penguin Mumble in the computer-animated Happy Feet (2006) and Happy Feet Two (2011).

Savion Glover: …computer-animated Happy Feet (2006) and Happy Feet Two (2011).

Bob Barker: The Price Is Right and Happy Gilmore: …film debut in the comedy Happy Gilmore, in which he memorably fought Adam Sandler’s titular character.

Bad Bunny: Other projects: …Train (2022), Cassandro (2023), and Happy Gilmore 2 (2025), and he directed a short film to accompany the album Debí tirar más fotos.

Curtis Bernhardt: Early years in Hollywood: …loan to Paramount, Bernhardt made Happy Go Lucky (1943), a pleasant though not very memorable musical featuring Dick Powell, Mary Martin, and Betty Hutton. Of more interest was the suspenseful Conflict (1945), which starred Humphrey Bogart in an overly contrived plot that nonetheless allowed Bernhardt to create moody visuals.

All eyes and ears turn to the furry forecaster. spotlight, holiday, american, tradition, groundhog, animal, superstition,

While now associated with costumes, trick-or-treating, and scary movies, Halloween wasn’t always a time of fun and games. The holiday had its origins in Samhain, one of the most-sinister festivals on the Celtic calendar. The ancient Celts believed that on November 1 the souls of those who had died

John Arden: The Happy Haven, produced in 1960 in London, is a sardonic farce about an old people’s home. The Workhouse Donkey is a crowded, exuberant, and comic drama of municipal politics. Armstrong’s Last Goodnight (1964) is a drama set in the Borders region of Scotland in…

What’s the Origin of Happy Hour?: Happy hour is an American tradition in which people gather at a local bar or restaurant (more or less between 3:00 and 6:00 pm) for discounted alcoholic beverages and appetizers. For many, it is also a time to congregate with friends or coworkers

the Who: …of Lily”), peer pressure (“Happy Jack”), creepy insects (Entwistle’s “Boris the Spider”), and gender confusion (“I’m a Boy”). As one instrument after another ended in splinters, the Who firmly declared themselves proponents of making violent rage a form of rock catharsis.

Irving Pichel: Directing: Happy Land (1943) starred Don Ameche in a sentimental yarn about a home-front tragedy during World War II, whereas And Now Tomorrow (1944) was sentiment sans patriotism, with Alan Ladd and Loretta Young playing would-be lovers whom society keeps apart.

Sukhavati, in the Pure Land schools of Mahayana Buddhism, the Western Paradise of the Buddha Amitabha, described in the Pure Land sutras (Sukhavati-vyuha-sutras). According to followers of the Pure Land schools, which are widespread throughout East Asia, rebirth in Sukhavati is ensured by invoking

Cesar Romero: …and with Sonja Henie in Happy Landing (1938) and Wintertime (1943). Romero was also featured in such musicals as The Great American Broadcast (1941), Weekend in Havana (1941), and Springtime in the Rockies (1942).

Tahar Ben Jelloun: …structured Le Bonheur conjugal (2012; The Happy Marriage) consists of an artist’s secret log of complaints about his wife and her responses when she finds it.

Factory Records: Manchester’s 24-Hour Party People: …arty mélange came Simply Red, the Happy Mondays, the Stone Roses, and the manic-depressive rants of the Smiths, though only the Happy Mondays recorded on Factory.

Oscar Wilde: Aestheticism, early writings, and marriage: …as a writer, he published The Happy Prince and Other Tales (1888), which reveals his gift for romantic allegory in the form of the fairy tale.

Colin Firth: Later credits: …friend of Oscar Wilde in The Happy Prince, and starred as an imperiled amateur sailor in The Mercy. Also that year he assumed the role of William Weatherall Wilkins, president of the Fidelity Fiduciary Bank, in Mary Poppins Returns. Firth then portrayed a British general in the World War I…

Bugs Bunny, cartoon rabbit created by Warner Brothers as part of its Looney Tunes animated short film series. Emerging as one of the biggest stars of the so-called golden age of American animation (1928–c. 1960), Bugs Bunny has endured as one of the world’s most popular cartoon characters. Bugs

Horatio Hornblower: The Hornblower novels begin with The Happy Return (1937; also published as Beat to Quarters) and conclude with the unfinished novel Hornblower and the Crisis (1967; also published as Hornblower During the Crisis and Two Stories: Hornblower’s Temptation and The Last Encounter). Other novels in the series include A Ship…

Jean-Pierre Cassel: …Gene Kelly discovered him for The Happy Road (1956). Later Cassel, a tall man with an expressive, mobile face, achieved fame as the comic protagonist in a series of films directed by Philippe de Broca. These included Les Jeux de l’amour (1960; The Love Game), Le Farceur (1960; The Joker),…

Robert Goulet: …performance in the Broadway musical The Happy Time. Although his popularity reached its zenith in the 1960s, his more than 60 albums, his film and TV appearances, and his work in Las Vegas nightclubs and in touring theatricals kept him busy for the rest of his career. Though his name…

Wong Kar-Wai: Chungwong chasit (1997; Happy Together) was filmed in Buenos Aires and was initially conceived as an adaptation of Manuel Puig’s detective novel The Buenos Aires Affair (1973). Happy Together chronicles the disintegrating love affair between two Hong Kong expatriates. Wong’s work on the film won him the award…

the Turtles: …Be with Me” (1967), “Happy Together” (1967), their biggest hit, and “Elenore” and “You Showed Me” from the ambitious 1968 album The Turtles Present the Battle of the Bands.

Roy Rogers: …off with the song “Happy Trails,” which Evans had written and which also became the title of their 1979 autobiography.

Patrick White: White’s first novel, Happy Valley (1939), was set in New South Wales and showed the influence of D.H. Lawrence and Thomas Hardy. The material of White’s later novels is distinctly Australian, but his treatment of it has a largeness of vision not limited to any one country or…

Happy Valley–Goose Bay, town, south-central Labrador, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, on the western end of Lake Melville and near the mouth of the Churchill River. Goose Bay was established in 1941 as a military and air ferrying base operated by the United States and Canada. By the Goose Bay

Reba McEntire: Acting and later music: She also starred in Happy’s Place (2024– ), playing a woman who inherits a bar. In addition, McEntire has guest roles on various TV series, and in 2019 she lent her voice to the animated film Spies in Disguise.

David Sedaris: …Diaries 2003–2020 (2021), he released Happy-Go-Lucky (2022), a volume of personal essays.

Mike Leigh: Happy-Go-Lucky (2008) presents the story of a free-spirited woman navigating the world around her, while Another Year (2010) follows a happily married couple and their less-sanguine family and friends. Both films earned Academy Award nominations for best original screenplay. In 2011 Leigh directed the Royal…

Melissa McCarthy: Roles from the late 2010s: …puppets in the screwball comedy The Happytime Murders. McCarthy also garnered critical acclaim—and her second Oscar nomination—for her sympathetic portrayal of disgraced celebrity biographer Lee Israel in Can You Ever Forgive Me? (2018). In The Kitchen (2019) McCarthy joined an all-star female cast playing a trio of mob wives who…

house of Habsburg, royal German family, one of the principal sovereign dynasties of Europe from the 15th to the 20th century. The name Habsburg is derived from the castle of Habsburg, or Habichtsburg (“Hawk’s Castle”), built in 1020 by Werner, bishop of Strasbourg, and his brother-in-law, Count

Buxales: …single species of the family Haptanthaceae, Haptanthus hazlettii, is a small tree native to Honduras; it is thought to be one of the rarest plants in the world. In 2010, after more than 20 years of unsuccessful attempts to relocate the plant based on two herbarium vouchers, the species was…

Buxales: …species of the family Haptanthaceae, Haptanthus hazlettii, is a small tree native to Honduras; it is thought to be one of the rarest plants in the world. In 2010, after more than 20 years of unsuccessful attempts to relocate the plant based on two herbarium vouchers, the species was rediscovered…

hapten, small molecule that stimulates the production of antibody molecules only when conjugated to a larger molecule, called a carrier molecule. The term hapten is derived from the Greek haptein, meaning “to fasten.” Haptens can become tightly fastened to a carrier molecule, most often a protein,

hapten, small molecule that stimulates the production of antibody molecules only when conjugated to a larger molecule, called a carrier molecule. The term hapten is derived from the Greek haptein, meaning “to fasten.” Haptens can become tightly fastened to a carrier molecule, most often a protein,

haptic technology, systems that simulate touch through vibration, motion, or other forces. The term haptic is derived from the Greek word haptikós, meaning “to touch” or “to grasp.” Devices that commonly incorporate haptic technology in order to improve user experience include cell phones, game

haptic technology, systems that simulate touch through vibration, motion, or other forces. The term haptic is derived from the Greek word haptikós, meaning “to touch” or “to grasp.” Devices that commonly incorporate haptic technology in order to improve user experience include cell phones, game

organometallic compound: s- and p-block organometallic compounds: This convention is known as hapto nomenclature. A single point of attachment, η1, is usually not explicitly indicated, as in the above formula for dimethylmercury, a monohapto species. The compound with the common name ferrocene has the systematic name bis(η5-cyclopentadienyl)iron, where the number of cyclopentadienyl ligands (two) is indicated by…

haptoglobin, a colourless protein of the α-globulin fraction of human serum (liquid portion of blood plasma after the clotting factor fibrinogen has been removed) that transports hemoglobin freed from destroyed red blood cells to the reticuloendothelial system, where it is broken down. Three common

fungus: Annotated classification: Order Haptoglossales Parasitic on algae or plant roots, including roots of sugar beets; may be non-mycelial-forming; sporangia develop inside host cells; example genera include Haptoglossa, Lagena, and Pontisma. Fungi were once considered plants. However, nearly all fungal cell walls

algae: Annotated classification: Class Prymnesiophyceae (Haptophyceae) Many with haptonema, a hairlike appendage between two flagella; no tubular hairs; many with organic scales; some deposit calcium carbonate on scales to form coccoliths; coccolithophorids may play a role in global warming because they can remove large amounts of carbon from the…

protozoan: Annotated classification: Haptophyta Photosynthetic. Possess a unique flagellar structure called a haptonema, a “3rd flagellum,” located between the 2 regular flagella, that is thought to function in feeding (usually mixotrophic); haptonema is missing or reduced in some taxa. Organic scales are Golgi-derived and made partly of cellulose;…

Māori: Traditional history and first contact: …important social groups were the hapū (subtribe), which was the primary landholding group and the one within which marriage was preferred, and the whānau, or extended family.

Māori: Traditional history and first contact: …important social groups were the hapū (subtribe), which was the primary landholding group and the one within which marriage was preferred, and the whānau, or extended family.

J.D. Salinger: …lifetime was a novella titled Hapworth 16, 1924, which appeared in The New Yorker in 1965. In 1974 The Complete Uncollected Short Stories of J.D. Salinger, an unauthorized two-volume work of his early pieces, was briefly released to the public, but sales were halted when Salinger filed a lawsuit for…

Ibrāhīm al-Ḥāqilānī was a Maronite Catholic scholar noted for his Arabic translation of books of the Bible. Ordained a deacon, Ibrāhīm taught Arabic and Syriac first at Pisa, then in Rome, and in 1628 he published a Syriac grammar. In 1640 he began collaborating on the Le Jay Polyglot Bible,

ḥaqīqah, (Arabic: “reality,” “truth”), in Sufi (Muslim mystic) terminology, the knowledge the Sufi acquires when the secrets of the divine essence are revealed to him at the end of his journey toward union with God. The Sufi must first reach the state of fanāʾ (“passing away of the self”), in which

Kazakhstan: Kazakhstan to c. 1700 ce: …to rule the Kazakh steppes, Ḥaqq Naẓar (1538–80), overcame these obstacles and, having succeeded in reuniting the three hordes, embarked upon systematic raids into Transoxania, a trend that continued under his immediate successors down to the reign of Tevkkel Khan (1586–98), who even temporarily occupied Samarkand. By the beginning of…

al-Hādī was the fourth caliph of the ʿAbbāsid dynasty (reigned 785–786). Al-Hādī’s persecution of the ʿAlids, representatives of the Shīʿīte sect of Islām, precipitated revolts in Medina, Egypt, and Iraq, all of which were put down brutally. Throughout his short reign, he struggled with the

Haqqani network, Pashtun militant network based in eastern Afghanistan and northwest Pakistan. The Haqqani network originated during the Afghan War (1978–92), and, after the U.S.-led invasion of Afghanistan in 2001, it participated in an insurgency against U.S. and NATO forces and the Afghan

Haqqani network: Establishment: …founder of the Haqqani network, Jalaluddin Haqqani, rose to prominence as a guerrilla leader in the 1970s and ’80s. A member of the Pashtun Jadran (Zadran) tribe from Paktiyā province in southeastern Afghanistan, Haqqani was educated in religious schools in Afghanistan and Pakistan. After participating in an unsuccessful Islamist guerrilla…

Arabic literature: The short story: …certainly the most prolific, both Yaḥyā Ḥaqqī and Maḥmūd Ṭāhir Lāshīn were the most accomplished craftsmen.

Horus, in ancient Egyptian religion, a god in the form of a falcon whose right eye was the sun or morning star, representing power and quintessence, and whose left eye was the moon or evening star, representing healing. Falcon cults, which were in evidence from late predynastic times, were

Lala Har Dayal was an Indian revolutionary and scholar who was dedicated to the removal of British influence in India. Har Dayal graduated from the Government College, Lahore (University of the Punjab). On a Government of India scholarship to St. John’s College at Oxford, he became a supporter of

Mount Gerizim, mountain located in the West Bank just south of Nāblus, near the site of biblical Shechem. In modern times it was incorporated as part of the British mandate of Palestine (1920–48) and subsequently as part of Jordan (1950–67). After 1967 it became part of the West Bank (territory

Temple Mount, site of the Temple of Jerusalem, which was destroyed by the Romans on the 9th/10th of Av in 70 ce (see Tisha b’Av). It consists of a raised platform that, since the 7th century, has been home to the Islamic holy sites of the Dome of the Rock and Al-Aqsa Mosque. The lower section of

Temple Mount, site of the Temple of Jerusalem, which was destroyed by the Romans on the 9th/10th of Av in 70 ce (see Tisha b’Av). It consists of a raised platform that, since the 7th century, has been home to the Islamic holy sites of the Dome of the Rock and Al-Aqsa Mosque. The lower section of

Mount of Olives, multi-summit limestone ridge just east of the Old City of Jerusalem and separated from it by the Kidron Valley. Frequently mentioned in the Bible and later religious literature, it is holy to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The peak usually regarded as the Mount of Olives proper

Karakorum, ancient capital of the Mongol empire, whose ruins lie on the upper Orhon River in north-central Mongolia. The site of Karakorum may have been first settled about 750. In 1220 Genghis Khan, the great Mongol conqueror, established his headquarters there and used it as a base for his

Guru Har Rai was the seventh Sikh Guru (1644–61). Guru Har Rai’s grandfather was Hargobind, the sixth Guru and a great military leader. Guru Har Rai traveled in the Malwa area, where he converted the local Brar tribes to Sikhism. He maintained the sizable order of standing troops that his

ancient Iranian religion: Cosmography: …earth was the cosmic mountain Harā, down which flowed the river Ardvī. The earth was divided into six continents surrounding the central continent, Khvaniratha, the locus of Aryāna Vaijah, the Aryan land (i.e., Iran).

Hara Takashi was a politician who was prime minister of Japan from 1918 to 1921 and who established the political party as a fundamental institution of politics in Japan. Hara was the son of a high-ranking samurai family of northern Japan. After graduating from Tokyo University he became a

Hara Takashi was a politician who was prime minister of Japan from 1918 to 1921 and who established the political party as a fundamental institution of politics in Japan. Hara was the son of a high-ranking samurai family of northern Japan. After graduating from Tokyo University he became a

seppuku, the honourable method of taking one’s own life practiced by men of the samurai (military) class in feudal Japan. The word hara-kiri (literally, “belly-cutting”), though widely known to foreigners, is rarely used by Japanese, who prefer the term seppuku (written in Japanese with the same

Fighting Harada is a Japanese professional boxer, world flyweight and bantamweight champion. (Read Gene Tunney’s 1929 Britannica essay on boxing.) Harada is considered by many to be Japan’s greatest boxer. He started fighting professionally in 1960 and won his first 25 matches. Harada suffered his

Fighting Harada is a Japanese professional boxer, world flyweight and bantamweight champion. (Read Gene Tunney’s 1929 Britannica essay on boxing.) Harada is considered by many to be Japan’s greatest boxer. He started fighting professionally in 1960 and won his first 25 matches. Harada suffered his

Kosovo Liberation Army: Disbanding of the KLA and postwar issues: …telecommunications in Kosovo (2008–10), and Ramush Haradinaj, a KLA commander who became Kosovo’s prime minister in 2004 but stepped down the next year to stand trial. Others, such as Agim Çeku, a former KLA military head and a former prime minister (2006–08), as well Hashim Thaçi, a former KLA leader…

harai, in Japanese religion, any of numerous Shintō purification ceremonies. Harai rites, and similar misogi exercises using water, cleanse the individual so that he may approach a deity or sacred power (kami). Salt, water, and fire are the principal purificatory agents. Many of the rites, such as

harai, in Japanese religion, any of numerous Shintō purification ceremonies. Harai rites, and similar misogi exercises using water, cleanse the individual so that he may approach a deity or sacred power (kami). Salt, water, and fire are the principal purificatory agents. Many of the rites, such as

harai: …shake over the worshiper the harai-gushi, a wooden wand to which are attached folds of paper. Priests participating in public ceremonies are required to undergo much more extensive purification periods in which they must regulate the body (bathing, diet, abstention from stimulants), heart, environment, and soul. Great purification ceremonies called…

harai: …shake over the worshiper the harai-gushi, a wooden wand to which are attached folds of paper. Priests participating in public ceremonies are required to undergo much more extensive purification periods in which they must regulate the body (bathing, diet, abstention from stimulants), heart, environment, and soul. Great purification ceremonies called…

Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ), militant group founded with the goal of liberating historical Palestine through armed struggle and by appealing to the region’s Islamic heritage. It was first formed in the Gaza Strip but also operates in the West Bank. The Palestinian Islamic Jihad, founded in