Bayer, German chemical and pharmaceutical company founded in 1863 by Friedrich Bayer (1825–80), who was a chemical salesman, and Johann Friedrich Weskott (1821–76), who owned a dye company. Company headquarters, originally in Barmen (now Wuppertal), have been in Leverkusen, north of Cologne, since

Bayer, German chemical and pharmaceutical company founded in 1863 by Friedrich Bayer (1825–80), who was a chemical salesman, and Johann Friedrich Weskott (1821–76), who owned a dye company. Company headquarters, originally in Barmen (now Wuppertal), have been in Leverkusen, north of Cologne, since

Bayer, German chemical and pharmaceutical company founded in 1863 by Friedrich Bayer (1825–80), who was a chemical salesman, and Johann Friedrich Weskott (1821–76), who owned a dye company. Company headquarters, originally in Barmen (now Wuppertal), have been in Leverkusen, north of Cologne, since

Fernán Caballero was a Spanish writer whose novels and stories depict the language, customs, and folklore of rural Andalusia. Her father was Johann Niklaus Böhl von Faber, a German businessman who converted to Roman Catholicism and became a well-known critic of Spanish literature. He moved the

phenomenology: In the United States: …Research founded by Husserl’s student Marvin Farber, who was also the author of The Foundation of Phenomenology (1943). Later, however, a noticeable change took place, chiefly because of the work of two scholars at the New School for Social Research in New York City: Alfred Schutz, an Austrian-born sociologist and…

Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft, former German chemical concern founded in 1863 in the Höchst quarter of Frankfurt am Main. Originally a producer of dyestuffs, it had become, by the late 20th century, one of the world’s largest producers of pharmaceuticals. In 1999 it merged with French pharmaceutical

FARC, Marxist guerrilla organization in Colombia. Formed in 1964 as the military wing of the Colombian Communist Party (Partido Comunista de Colombia; PCC), the FARC is the largest of Colombia’s rebel groups, estimated to possess some 10,000 armed soldiers and thousands of supporters, largely drawn

farce, a comic dramatic piece that uses highly improbable situations, stereotyped characters, extravagant exaggeration, and violent horseplay. The term also refers to the class or form of drama made up of such compositions. Farce is generally regarded as intellectually and aesthetically inferior to

French literature: Secular drama: 1465; Master Peter Patelan, a Fifteenth-Century French Farce), a tale of trickery involving a sly lawyer, a dull-witted draper, and a crafty shepherd.

glanders, infectious disease of primarily horses, but also mules and donkeys, that is caused by the bacterium Burkholderia mallei. Humans may become infected secondarily, such as through contact with diseased animals or by inoculation while handling diseased tissues and making laboratory cultures

Wallace D. Fard was the Mecca-born founder of the Nation of Islam (sometimes called Black Muslim) movement in the United States. Fard immigrated to the United States sometime before 1930. In that year, he established in Detroit the Temple of Islām as well as the University of Islām, which was the

Per Olov Enquist: … (1961; “The Crystal Eye”) and Färdvägen (1963; “The Route Travelled”), reflect his aesthetic interest in the form of the novel and the influence of the French new novel. As the political climate of the 1960s changed, Enquist moved from a liberal viewpoint to a socialist position. He began to take…

mass transit: Revenues: …costs are paid from passenger fares and, in most developed countries, public subsidies. The most common way to collect passenger fares is by cash payment on the vehicle (for bus and light rail systems without closed stations) or upon entry to the station (for systems requiring entry through closed stations).…

mass transit: Revenues: The most common way to collect passenger fares is by cash payment on the vehicle (for bus and light rail systems without closed stations) or upon entry to the station (for systems requiring entry through closed stations). Normally, the driver collects fares, although some intensively used bus and light rail…

Thomas Kingo: …songs, the best-known are “Far, Verden, Farvel” (“Fare, World, Farewell”) and “Sorrig og Glæde de vandre til Hobe” (“Sorrow and Joy They Wander Together”). He is remembered today mainly for what is popularly known as Kingo’s hymnbook, a collection that appeared in 1699 and contained 86 of his own…

Fareham: borough (district), administrative and historic county of Hampshire, southern England. It is located at the head of a creek opening into the northwestern corner of Portsmouth Harbour. The district embraces the market town of Fareham and several outlying historic localities. These include Portchester, which was…

Fareham, town and borough (district), administrative and historic county of Hampshire, southern England. It is located at the head of a creek opening into the northwestern corner of Portsmouth Harbour. The district embraces the market town of Fareham and several outlying historic localities. These

Louise-Renée de Kéroualle, duchess of Portsmouth was a French mistress of Charles II of Great Britain. She was the least popular with his subjects but the ablest politician. The daughter of a Breton nobleman, Guillaume de Penancoet, Sieur de Kéroualle, she entered the household of Henrietta Anne,

Guillaume Farel was a reformer and preacher primarily responsible for introducing the Reformation to French-speaking Switzerland, where his efforts led to John Calvin’s establishment of the Reformed church in Geneva. As a student at the University of Paris, Farel was the pupil and friend of the

Nabile Farès was a Kabylian novelist and poet known for his abstruse, poetic, and dreamlike style. Rebellion against the established religious traditions and the newly formed conventions of Algeria since independence was central to his work. In his first novel, Yahia, pas de chance (1970; “Yahia,

George Washington: Retirement: …to his country in the Farewell Address (see original text) of September 19, 1796, written largely by Hamilton but remolded by Washington and expressing his ideas. Retiring in March 1797 to Mount Vernon, he devoted himself for the last two and a half years of his life to his family,…

Chen Kaige: Farewell My Concubine follows the lives of two Peking opera actors, Cheng Dieyi (played by Leslie Cheung) and Duan Xiaolou (Fengyi Zhang), from their youth and rigorous training in the 1920s to the years after the traumatic Cultural Revolution. Starring the much-loved actress Gong Li…

Muhammad: Biography according to the Islamic tradition: …Mecca in 632, the so-called Farewell Pilgrimage, the precedent for all future Muslim pilgrimages. He dies in June 632 in Medina. Since no arrangement for his succession has been made, his death provokes a major dispute over the future leadership of the community he has founded.

Ray Bradbury: Later work and awards: His final novel, Farewell Summer (2006), was a sequel to Dandelion Wine. He adapted 59 of his short stories for the television series The Ray Bradbury Theatre (1985–92).

Edmund White: Fictional works and plays: …the publication of the novel The Farewell Symphony in 1997, he completed an autobiographical trilogy that includes A Boy’s Own Story (1982) and The Beautiful Room Is Empty (1988). The Married Man (2000) draws upon White’s own romantic experience in its tale of an older HIV-positive furniture expert and his…

A Farewell to Arms, third novel by American writer Ernest Hemingway, published in 1929. Its depiction of the existential disillusionment of the “Lost Generation” echoes his early short stories and his first major novel, The Sun Also Rises (1926). A Farewell to Arms is particularly notable for its

Charles Vidor: Later films: …1957 adaptation of Ernest Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms, starring Rock Hudson and Jennifer Jones. Vidor replaced the original director, John Huston, who had left the production over disagreements with producer David O. Selznick. Vidor died during the filming of Song Without End (1960), a drama about composer Franz Liszt

Frank Borzage: Freelancing after Fox: …adaptation of Ernest Hemingway’s novel A Farewell to Arms, in which an American volunteer (Gary Cooper) is wounded while serving as an ambulance driver for the Italian army in World War I, an English nurse (Helen Hayes) restores him to health, and they fall wildly in love. Secrets (1933) was…

The first of the final seven episodes of the American TV show Mad Men aired on April 5, 2015. The acclaimed drama series, which debuted in 2007, centers on the personal and professional life of New York advertising executive Don Draper (Jon Hamm) amid the glamour and turbulence of the 1960s. Mad

Russian literature: Thaws and freezes: …novel Proshchaniye s Matyoroy (1976; Farewell to Matyora) about a village faced with destruction to make room for a hydroelectric plant. The novel’s regret for the past and suspicion of the new dramatically marks the difference between village prose and the Socialist-Realist collective farm novel. Yury Trifonov wrote about what…

Latin American art: Trends, c. 1970–present: His painting Farewell to Sandino (1985), for example, commemorates the 1930s precursors of the revolution; the figures are composed as a sacra conversazione (“sacred conversation of the saints”), and their faces are de-emphasized by blurring and shading. His lush tropical forests, pressing in upon the viewer, recall…

Robert Mitchum: …1940s detective Philip Marlowe in Farewell, My Lovely (1975). More important, his shadowy star image paved the way for the gritty antiheroes that became popular in the films of the 1950s and ’60s.

Murder, My Sweet: …based on Chandler’s 1940 novel Farewell, My Lovely.

Murder, My Sweet, American film noir, released in 1944, that was notable as the screen debut of author Raymond Chandler’s hard-boiled, world-weary detective Philip Marlowe. It was based on Chandler’s 1940 novel Farewell, My Lovely. (Read Martin Scorsese’s Britannica essay on film preservation.) The

Awkwafina: The Farewell: …a dramatic starring role in The Farewell, a poignant story of a family’s debate over whether to tell its matriarch that she is dying. Awkwafina received positive reviews for her portrayal of Billi, the conflicted granddaughter, and won a Golden Globe award for best actress in a musical or comedy…

pasta: Farfels are ground, granulated, or shredded. The wide variety of special shapes includes farfalloni (“large butterflies”), lancette (“little spears”), fusilli (“spindles”), and riccioline (“little curls”).

Arabic literature: Modern Arabic drama: …whose celebrated play Al-Farāfīr (1964; The Farfoors, or The Flipflap) combined elements of traditional comic forms of dramatic presentation with such Brechtian effects as the presence of an “author” as a stage character and the use of theatre-in-the-round staging. Alfred Faraj took a somewhat different course, invoking tales and incidents…

John La Farge was an American painter, muralist, and stained-glass designer. After graduating from St. Mary’s College in Maryland, La Farge studied law, but in 1856 he went to Europe to study art. He worked independently, studying briefly in Paris with Thomas Couture and coming under the influence

Oliver La Farge was an American anthropologist, short-story writer, and novelist who acted as a spokesman for Native Americans through his political actions and his fiction. At Harvard University La Farge pursued his interest in American Indian culture, specializing in anthropology and

Fergana, city, eastern Uzbekistan. It lies at the foot of the Alay Mountains in the southern part of the Fergana Valley. It was founded by the Russians in 1877 as the military and administrative centre of the province of Fergana, formed from the newly conquered khanate of Kokand (Quqŏn). It became

Fergana Valley, enormous depression between the Tien Shan and Gissar and Alay mountain systems, lying mainly in eastern Uzbekistan and partly in Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. The roughly triangular valley has an area of 8,500 square miles (22,000 square km). It is bordered on the northwest by the

Fargo, city, seat (1873) of Cass county, southeastern North Dakota, U.S. It lies on the Red River of the North opposite Moorhead, Minnesota, and is North Dakota’s largest city. Founded in 1871 by the Northern Pacific Railway at its crossing point on the river, Fargo served as an outfitting post for

Ted Danson: Career: …CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (2011–15), Fargo (2015), The Good Place, Mr. Mayor (2021–22), and A Man on the Inside (2024– ). He made a cameo appearance in the war film Saving Private Ryan (1998).

Fargo, American dark comedy crime thriller, released in 1996 and set mostly in the dead of winter in Minnesota, that revolves around a debt-ridden car salesman, a botched kidnapping, a triple homicide, and the pregnant small-town police chief who investigates the murders. Written, directed, and

American Express Company: …in 1881, his younger brother, James Congdell Fargo (1829–1915), became president and guided the company for the next 33 years, introducing such innovations as the American Express Money Order (1882) and the American Express Travelers Cheque (1891), and opening the first European office in Paris (1895). International expansion continued with…

William George Fargo was an American businessman who was one of the pioneering founders of Wells, Fargo & Company. Fargo was born into the farming family of William C. and Tracy Strong Fargo and would ultimately employ most of his 11 siblings. At age 13 he subcontracted to deliver the mail on a

Fargo: …is the home of the Fargo-Moorhead Symphony Orchestra and the Fargo-Moorhead Civic Opera. The Plains Art Museum houses regional folk and Native American art. Bonanzaville USA, in West Fargo, is a reconstruction of the area’s 19th-century farming boom. Other local attractions are the Red River Zoo (featuring some 300 animals),…

Léon-Paul Fargue was a French poet and essayist whose work spanned numerous literary movements. Before he reached 20 years of age, Fargue had already published his important poem Tancrède in the magazine Pan (1895; published in book form in 1911) and had become a member of the Symbolist circle

Asghar Farhadi is an Iranian filmmaker whose dramas examine ethical problems and contradictions arising from social class, gender, and religion in modern Iran. He is perhaps best known for Jodāi-e Nāder az Simin (2011; A Separation) and Forushande (2016; The Salesman), both of which won an Academy

Portuguese literature: After 1974: The novels that constitute Almeida Faria’s Tetralogia lusitana (“Lusitanian Tetrology”), published from 1965 to 1983, explore the internal tensions experienced by rural families caught between the end of fascism and the forces of the 1974 revolution.

Faribault, city, seat of Rice county, southeastern Minnesota, U.S. It lies at the confluence of the Cannon and Straight rivers, in a mixed-farming and lake area, about 50 miles (80 km) south of Minneapolis. Fur trader Alexander Faribault arrived in the region in 1826 and set up a trading post at

Farīd al-Dīn ʿAṭṭār was a Persian Muslim poet who was one of the greatest Sufi (mystical) writers and thinkers, composing at least 45,000 distichs (couplets) and many brilliant prose works. As a young man Farīd al-Dīn traveled widely, visiting Egypt, Syria, Arabia, India, and Central Asia. He

Farīd al-Dīn ʿAṭṭār was a Persian Muslim poet who was one of the greatest Sufi (mystical) writers and thinkers, composing at least 45,000 distichs (couplets) and many brilliant prose works. As a young man Farīd al-Dīn traveled widely, visiting Egypt, Syria, Arabia, India, and Central Asia. He

Shēr Shah of Sūr was the emperor of north India (1540–45) in the Islamic Sūr (Afghan) dynasty of 1540–57 who organized a long-lived bureaucracy responsible to the ruler and created a carefully calculated revenue system. For the first time during the Islamic conquest the relationship between the

Faridpur: …name from the Muslim saint Farīd-ud-Dīn Masʿūd, whose shrine is located there. It has a thermal power station, jute mills, and several government colleges. Pop. (2001) 99,945; (2011) 121,632.

Faridabad, city, southeastern Haryana state, northwestern India. It lies just west of the Yamuna River and adjoins the Delhi national capital territory to the north. Faridabad was founded in 1607 by Shaikh Farīd, treasurer for the Mughal emperor Jahāngīr, to protect the high road between Delhi and

Sayyid Shaykh bin Ahmad al-Hadi: …Shaykh himself wrote the novel Faridah Hanum (adapted from an Egyptian love story) in 1926; translated Qasim Amīn’s Tahrir al-Marʾāh, on the emancipation of women (1930), into Malay; and edited and wrote extensively on religious, political, and social questions for his monthly journal Al-Ikhwan (“The Brotherhood”) from 1926 to 1930…

Faridkot, town, west-central Punjab state, northwestern India. It lies in the Malwa Plains on the Indira Gandhi Canal, 70 miles (113 km) southwest of Ludhiana. Faridkot was founded by Bhallan of the Burai Jat (a warrior community of northern India) during the 16th-century reign of the Mughal

Sikhism: Devotional and other works: The first, Faridkot Tika, was commissioned by Raja Bikram Singh of Faridkot in response to Ernest Trumpp’s translation into English of part of the Adi Granth, which Sikhs regarded as grievously insulting. Three volumes were issued during 1905–06, and a fourth volume followed some years later. This…

Faridpur, city, central Bangladesh. It is located on the west bank of the Mara (Dead) Padma stream, a tributary of the upper Padma River (Ganges [Ganga] River). Faridpur serves as a rail terminus for the branchline connecting Goalundo Ghat with Kolkata (Calcutta; in India) and is linked by road

Jules Romains was a French novelist, dramatist, poet, a founder of the literary movement known as Unanimism, and author of two internationally known works—a comedy, Knock, and the novel cycle Les Hommes de bonne volonté (Men of Good Will). Romains studied science and philosophy at the École Normale

Farim, town located on the Cacheu River in north-central Guinea-Bissau. It is a market centre for the agricultural products of the interior; peanut (groundnut) cultivation, concentrated around the town, is mainly for export, and cattle are raised for domestic consumption in the northern savannas of

cereal processing: Starch from tubers: …starch from potatoes (sometimes called farina) is a major industry. Some factories produce over 300 tons daily. Processing involves continuous and automatic cleaning of the potatoes, thorough disintegration in raspers or hammer mills, and separation of the fibres from the pulp by centrifugal (rotary) sieves. The resulting starch “milk” contains…

sonata: Early development in Italy: One of these was Carlo Farina, who spent part of his life in the service of the court of Dresden, and there published a set of sonatas in 1626. But the crowning figure in this early school of violinist-composers was Arcangelo Corelli, whose published sonatas, beginning in 1681, sum…

Giuseppe Farina was an Italian automobile racing driver who was the first to win the world driving championship according to the modern point system. Farina, the holder of a doctorate in engineering, was the Italian driving champion in 1937, 1938, and 1939. He won the world title in 1950 while

Giuseppe La Farina was an Italian revolutionary, writer, and leader and historian of the Risorgimento. The son of a Sicilian magistrate and scholar, La Farina received a law degree in 1835 and soon became involved with a secret committee for Italian unity; he was forced into exile after it

Mimi Fariña was an American folk singer and social activist who, with her first husband, Richard Fariña, helped revitalize folk music in the 1960s. She was the younger sister of folk singer Joan Baez. Mimi and Richard Fariña were married in 1963, and the two began performing together. The duo

Giuseppe Farina was an Italian automobile racing driver who was the first to win the world driving championship according to the modern point system. Farina, the holder of a doctorate in engineering, was the Italian driving champion in 1937, 1938, and 1939. He won the world title in 1950 while

Richard Fariña was an American folk singer and novelist who, with his wife, Mimi Fariña, played a significant role in the folk music revival of the 1960s. Fariña studied engineering and literature at Cornell University and reputedly served with the Irish Republican Army in the mid-1950s and later

Prospero Farinacci was an Italian jurist whose Praxis et Theorica Criminalis (1616) was the strongest influence on penology in Roman-law countries until the reforms of the criminologist-economist Cesare Beccaria (1738–94). The Praxis is most noteworthy as the definitive work on the jurisprudence of

Roberto Farinacci was a radical Italian politician and Fascist ras, or local party boss, who helped Benito Mussolini rise to power in 1922 and who became an important figure in the Fascist regime. After dropping out of school to work for the railroad in Cremona (1909), Farinacci became an ardent

Paolo Farinati was an Italian painter, engraver, and architect, one of the leading 16th-century painters at Verona. Farinati’s father, Giovanni Battista, was also a painter and may have been his first master; later he probably worked under Nicolò Giolfino. Farinati was active almost entirely in

Nestlé SA: …ownership, retained his name as Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé.) In 1877 Anglo-Swiss added milk-based baby foods to its products, and in the following year the Nestlé company added condensed milk, so that the firms became direct and fierce rivals.

Farinelli was a celebrated Italian castrato singer of the 18th century and one of the greatest singers in the history of opera. He adopted the surname of his benefactors, the brothers Farina. He studied in Naples under Nicola Porpora, one of the leading 18th-century opera composers and the

Amazon River: Early settlement patterns: …edible; the end product, called farinha, became a food staple widely used today in much of tropical America. Amazonian Indians perfected the use of quinine as a specific against malaria, extracted cocaine from the leaves of the coca tree, and collected the sap of the Brazilian rubber tree. They were…

Luigi Carlo Farini was an Italian physician, historian, and statesman of the Risorgimento who did much to bring central Italy into union with the north. After participating in the revolutionary uprisings of 1831, Farini received his medical degree at Bologna and went into practice. Exiled from the

Chris Pratt: …Pratt was married to actress Anna Faris. In 2019 he wed author Katherine Schwarzenegger, daughter of actor and politician Arnold Schwarzenegger and TV journalist Maria Shriver.

Muhammed Faris was a Syrian pilot and air force officer who became the first Syrian citizen to go into space. After graduating from military pilot school at the Syrian air force academy near Aleppo in 1973, Faris joined the air force and eventually attained the rank of colonel. He also served as an

Muhammed Faris was a Syrian pilot and air force officer who became the first Syrian citizen to go into space. After graduating from military pilot school at the Syrian air force academy near Aleppo in 1973, Faris joined the air force and eventually attained the rank of colonel. He also served as an

Tall al-Fāriʿah, ancient site in northern Palestine, located near the head of the Wādī al-Fāriʿah northeast of Nabulus in the West Bank. Excavations at the site, sponsored since 1946 by the Dominican École Biblique de St. Étienne in Jerusalem, have revealed that occupation began during the

Eleanor Farjeon was an English writer for children whose magical but unsentimental tales, which often mock the behaviour of adults, earned her a revered place in many British nurseries. The daughter of a British novelist and granddaughter of a U.S. actor, Eleanor Farjeon grew up in the bohemian

dress: South Asia: These garments and the farji, a long, gownlike coat with short sleeves, which was worn by priests, scholars, and high officials, were made of cotton or wool, silk being forbidden to men by the Qurʾān. Somewhat modified, these traditional styles continue to be worn by upper-class men of Pakistan…

Bertalan Farkas is a Hungarian pilot and cosmonaut, the first Hungarian citizen to travel into space. Farkas graduated from the György Kilián Aeronautical College in Szolnok, Hung., in 1969 and then attended the Krasnodar Military Aviation Institute in Krasnodar, U.S.S.R. (now Russia), from which

Bertalan Farkas is a Hungarian pilot and cosmonaut, the first Hungarian citizen to travel into space. Farkas graduated from the György Kilián Aeronautical College in Szolnok, Hung., in 1969 and then attended the Krasnodar Military Aviation Institute in Krasnodar, U.S.S.R. (now Russia), from which

Chris Farley was an American actor and comedian best known as a slapstick cast member (1990–95) on NBC’s Saturday Night Live (SNL). He also appeared in several movies, including the cult classic Tommy Boy (1995). Farley was one of five children born to Mary Anne (née Crosby) Farley, a homemaker,

Chris Farley was an American actor and comedian best known as a slapstick cast member (1990–95) on NBC’s Saturday Night Live (SNL). He also appeared in several movies, including the cult classic Tommy Boy (1995). Farley was one of five children born to Mary Anne (née Crosby) Farley, a homemaker,

Harriet Farley was an American writer and editor, remembered largely for her stewardship of the Lowell Offering, a literary magazine published by women at the textile mills in Lowell, Massachusetts. Farley grew up from 1819 in Atkinson, New Hampshire, where she was educated in the local academy

James A. Farley was a U.S. politician who engineered electoral triumphs for Franklin D. Roosevelt. Farley served as postmaster general until breaking with Roosevelt in 1940 to make his own bid for the presidency. After moving to New York City in 1905, Farley studied bookkeeping and worked for the

James A. Farley was a U.S. politician who engineered electoral triumphs for Franklin D. Roosevelt. Farley served as postmaster general until breaking with Roosevelt in 1940 to make his own bid for the presidency. After moving to New York City in 1905, Farley studied bookkeeping and worked for the

William Gilson Farlow was a mycologist and plant pathologist who pioneered investigations in plant pathology; his course in this subject was the first taught in the United States. After receiving the M.D. degree from Harvard University (1870), Farlow studied in Europe until 1874, when he became

Joan Miró: Paris and early work: such as the renowned Farm (1921–22) and The Tilled Field (1923–24). He gradually removed the objects he portrayed from their natural context and reassembled them as if in accordance with a new, mysterious grammar, creating a ghostly, eerie impression.

history of Europe: Prestige and status: There were extended farmsteads in northern and western Europe with a development of enclosed compounds and elaborate field systems in Britain. In central Europe the extended farmsteads were in time supplemented by both unenclosed villages and defended hilltop sites, as was also the case in the area of…

John Mellencamp: …chief sponsor of the first Farm Aid concert, in 1985, which benefited distressed American farmers, and remained active on behalf of similar causes.

Springfield: In the 1880s the journal Farm and Fireside was published in Springfield as a house organ by P.P. Mast; this formed the basis of the Crowell-Collier publishing ventures. One of the earliest programs of the 4-H Club movement of “learning by doing” for young people was started (1902) there by…

livestock, farm animals, with the exception of poultry. In Western countries the category encompasses primarily cattle, sheep, pigs, goats, horses, donkeys, and mules; other animals, such as buffalo, oxen, llamas, or camels, may predominate in the agriculture of other areas. By the 21st century,

farm building, any of the structures used in farming operations, which may include buildings to house families and workers, as well as livestock, machinery, and crops. The basic unit of commercial agricultural operation, throughout history and worldwide, is the farm. Because farming systems differ

cottage cheese: …derived from cottage cheese is farm, or farmer, cheese, which is made by pressing the curd, thereby eliminating most of the liquid. It is drier than either cottage cheese or pot cheese and is crumbly in texture.

cooperative, organization owned by and operated for the benefit of those using its services. Cooperatives have been successful in a number of fields, including the processing and marketing of farm products, the purchasing of other kinds of equipment and raw materials, and in the wholesaling,

United States: Agricultural recovery: …other measures, such as the Farm Credit Act of 1933, which refinanced a fifth of all farm mortgages in a period of 18 months, and the creation in 1935 of the Rural Electrification Administration (REA), which did more to bring farmers into the 20th century than any other single act.…

origins of agriculture: Beginnings of pest control: …scientific way was John Curtis’s Farm Insects, published in 1860. Though farmers were well aware that insects caused losses, Curtis was the first writer to call attention to their significant economic impact. The successful battle for control of the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) of the western United States also…