chemical analysis: Chromatography: …form of chromatography, known as elution chromatography, the mobile phase is continuously added to the top of the column as solution flows from the bottom. The stationary phase must be continuously immersed in the mobile phase to prevent air bubbles from entering the column and impeding the mobile-phase flow. As…

separation and purification: Elutriation: In this method, the particles are placed in a vertical tube in which water (or another fluid) is flowing slowly upward. The particles fall through the water at speeds that vary with their size and density. If the flow rate of the water is…

South Asian arts: Period of the Tamil Cōḷa Empire (10th–13th century): …flowering in the 16th-century poet Eḻuttaccan (Father [or Leader] of Letters), who popularized the kiḷippāṭṭu (“parrot song”), a genre in which the narrator is a parrot, a bee, a swan, and so on. His outstanding works are Adhyātma Rāmāyaṇam, Bhāratam, and Bhāgavatam, all based on Sanskrit originals yet powerfully re-created…

placer deposit: Eluvial placers form on hillslopes from weathered deposits. They are not acted on by streams but by rainfall and wind, which carry away the light materials; thus they may be considered intermediate in the formation of stream placers. Examples include the earlier worked gold deposits…

eluviation, Removal of dissolved or suspended material from a layer or layers of the soil by the movement of water when rainfall exceeds evaporation. Such loss of material in solution is often referred to as leaching. The process of eluviation influences soil

aerospace industry: Space launchers: …space missions make use of expendable launch vehicles (ELVs).

James Stanhope, 1st Earl Stanhope was a British soldier and statesman, the dominant minister during the first half (1714–21) of the reign of King George I. His policy of alliance with France secured the peace and minimized foreign support for the Jacobites, who sought to restore the Stuart monarchy

Philip Henry Stanhope, 5th Earl Stanhope was an English politician and historian who was chiefly responsible for the founding of Britain’s National Portrait Gallery. Stanhope studied at Christ Church, Oxford, and entered Parliament in 1830. Although he made no special mark in politics, he was

migration: Catadromous fish: …leptocephali are transformed into so-called elvers, which are bottom-dwelling, pigmented, and cylindrical in form. They arrive in coastal waters as glass eels and begin to swim upstream in freshwater streams in spring. Their migration upstream is spectacular, as the young fish gather by millions, forming a dense mass several miles…

elf, in Germanic folklore, originally, a spirit of any kind, later specialized into a diminutive creature, usually in tiny human form. In the Prose, or Younger, Edda, elves were classified as light elves (who were fair) and dark elves (who were darker than pitch); these classifications are roughly

Tore Ørjasæter: …is found in his collection Elvesong (1932; “Song of the River”), a cycle of poems about a drop of water on its way to the sea that symbolized the individual longing for freedom and human solidarity.

Switzerland, federated country of central Europe. Switzerland’s administrative capital is Bern, while Lausanne serves as its judicial center. Switzerland’s small size—its total area is about half that of Scotland—and its modest population give little indication of its international significance. A

Elvira Madigan, three-movement concerto for piano and orchestra by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, the best known of his many piano concerti. It was completed on March 9, 1785. Its wide recognition is in large part due to the Swedish film Elvira Madigan (1967), in which its lyrical second movement was

Council of Elvira, the first known council of the Christian church in Spain, held early in the 4th century at Elvira, near modern Granada. It is the first council of which the canons have survived, and they provide the earliest reliable information on the Spanish church. The exact date is disputed,

Baz Luhrmann: …to the big screen with Elvis (2022), an energetic and visually stunning biopic about the legendary performer. In addition to helming the musical drama, he also cowrote it.

Tracy Letts: …John Finlator in the comedy Elvis & Nixon, about a 1970 meeting between U.S. Pres. Richard Nixon and musician Elvis Presley, and as a bloviating college dean in the adaptation of Philip Roth’s Indignation. That year he also began appearing in the comedy series Divorce. Film credits from 2017 included…

Priscilla Presley: Acting roles and other projects: …she published a best-selling memoir, Elvis and Me, which was adapted into a television movie in 1988. She published a second memoir, Softly As I Leave You: Life After Elvis, in September 2025.

Pioneering rocker Elvis Presley was born on January 8, 1935, in Tupelo, Mississippi, in a two-room shotgun house built by his father, grandfather, and uncle. Dirt-poor as a child, Presley was living like a king by the time he was 22, his age when he purchased Graceland, a palatial estate in

Elvis Presley was an American popular singer widely known as the “King of Rock and Roll” and one of rock music’s dominant performers from the mid-1950s until his death. Presley revolutionized popular music with his electrifying performances and enduring influence on generations of recording

Paul Elvstrøm was a Danish yachtsman who is considered the greatest sailor in Olympic history, dominating Finn-class sailing between 1948 and 1960. He won four consecutive gold medals in monotype (single-person) sailing—in the Firefly class in 1948 and thereafter in the new Finn class. He was the

Paul Elvstrøm was a Danish yachtsman who is considered the greatest sailor in Olympic history, dominating Finn-class sailing between 1948 and 1960. He won four consecutive gold medals in monotype (single-person) sailing—in the Firefly class in 1948 and thereafter in the new Finn class. He was the

John Elway is an American collegiate and professional gridiron football player who is considered one of the greatest quarterbacks of all time. He led the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL) to two Super Bowl championships (1998 and 1999). Elway excelled at football and baseball in

Rob Reiner: Success as a film director: …cast that included Robin Wright, Cary Elwes, and Billy Crystal into a world of adventure, romance, and arch, satirical exchanges. Reiner’s romantic comedy When Harry Met Sally… (1989), which paired Crystal and Meg Ryan as a set of platonic friends who fall in love, was credited with establishing the standard…

Kentucky Derby: History: …times, beginning in 1904 with Elwood’s victory for owner Laska Durnell. Since then, prominent Derby-winning female owners have included Helen Hay Whitney, Elizabeth Arden Graham, Ethel V. Mars, and Penny Chenery (whose winning horses included Secretariat, in 1973). In 1990 Frances Genter became the oldest Derby-winning owner at the age…

Elwood, city, Madison county, east-central Indiana, U.S., 35 miles (56 km) northeast of Indianapolis. Established in 1853 as Quincy, it was renamed for the son of one of its founders in 1869 because of the existence of another Quincy in Owen county. Local discovery of natural gas in 1887 resulted

Isaac Newton Kerlin: …Children (later known as the Elwyn Institute), located outside Philadelphia. He became its superintendent in 1863 and remained in the position for the following three decades, until his death. As superintendent, Kerlin developed new treatments and advocated for the wider establishment of specialized institutions to prevent developmentally disabled individuals from…

Elche, city, Alicante provincia (province), in the comunidad autónoma (autonomous community) of Valencia, southeastern Spain, situated on the Vinalopó River just south of Alicante city. Of Iberian origin, the site was inhabited by Greeks, Carthaginians, and Romans (who named the town Ilici). Under

Ely, town, East Cambridgeshire district, administrative and historic county of Cambridgeshire, eastern England. It lies on an “island” of rock that rises above the alluvial Fens and, prior to their draining (1630–52), was a place of refuge. The Isle of Ely is 7 miles (11 km) long and 4 miles (6 km)

Ely, city, St. Louis county, northeastern Minnesota, U.S. It lies on Shagawa Lake, at the east end of the Vermilion Iron Range, about 110 miles (175 km) north of Duluth. Ojibwa Indians were living in the area when fur trappers arrived in the 18th century. Settled in the 1880s as Florence, it was

Ely, city, seat (1886) of White Pine county, east-central Nevada, U.S. It is adjacent to East Ely, near the Utah border. Established in 1868 as a gold-mining camp and probably named for John Ely, a mining promoter, the community expanded after 1907 with large-scale copper mining. Copper and other

Alfred Ely Beach was an American publisher and inventor whose Scientific American helped stimulate 19th-century technological innovations and became one of the world’s most prestigious science magazines. Beach himself invented a tunneling shield and the pneumatic tube, among other devices. While

Ely Cathedral, Anglican cathedral in Ely, Cambridgeshire, England, U.K. The Romanesque cathedral can trace its origins to the 7th century, though the present building dates only as far back as 1083. It is celebrated for its beauty and its history, and it is a major tourist attraction. The cathedral

aircraft carrier: …1910, an American civilian pilot, Eugene Ely, flew a plane off a specially built platform on the deck of the U.S. cruiser Birmingham at Hampton Roads, Virginia. On January 18, 1911, in San Francisco Bay, Ely landed on a platform built on the quarterdeck of the battleship Pennsylvania, using wires…

Isle of Ely, historic region of England, part of the administrative and historic county of Cambridgeshire. The Isle of Ely consists of a hill about 7 miles (11 km) long and 4 miles (6 km) wide that rises above the surrounding fens (low-lying lands that were partly covered by water). The Isle of Ely

Richard T. Ely was an American economist who was noted for his belief that government, aided by economists, could help solve social problems. Ely was educated at Columbia University, graduating in philosophy in 1876, and at the University of Heidelberg, where he received his Ph.D. in 1879. As a

Richard T. Ely was an American economist who was noted for his belief that government, aided by economists, could help solve social problems. Ely was educated at Columbia University, graduating in philosophy in 1876, and at the University of Heidelberg, where he received his Ph.D. in 1879. As a

Elymais, ancient Parthian vassal state located east of the lower Tigris River and usually considered part of the larger district of Susiana. It incorporated much of the area of the biblical region of Elam, approximately equivalent to the modern region of Khūzestān, Iran. Though the capital city of

Sicily: History: …in the extreme west the Elymians, a people to whom a Trojan origin was assigned, with their chief centres at Segesta and at Eryx (Erice). The Siculi spoke an Indo-European language; there are no remains of the languages of the other peoples. There were also Phoenician settlements on the island.…

Sicily: History: …in the extreme west the Elymians, a people to whom a Trojan origin was assigned, with their chief centres at Segesta and at Eryx (Erice). The Siculi spoke an Indo-European language; there are no remains of the languages of the other peoples. There were also Phoenician settlements on the island.…

wild rye, (genus Elymus), genus of some 50–100 species of perennial grasses in the family Poaceae, native to temperate and cool parts of the Northern Hemisphere. Wild ryes are named for their similarity to true rye (Secale cereale) and are generally good forage plants. Wild rye plants are typically

wild rye: …wild rye (Elymus virginicus) and Canada wild rye (E. canadensis) are the most widespread North American species. Bottlebrush grass (E. hystrix) is sometimes grown as an ornamental for its unusual bristled flower heads. Quackgrass (E. repens), native to Europe, is often used for erosion control.

quack grass, (Elymus repens), rapidly spreading grass of the family Poaceae. Quack grass is native to Europe and has been introduced to other north temperate areas for forage or erosion control. In cultivated lands, it is often considered a weed because of its persistence. The plant has been used

wild rye: Virginia wild rye (Elymus virginicus) and Canada wild rye (E. canadensis) are the most widespread North American species. Bottlebrush grass (E. hystrix) is sometimes grown as an ornamental for its unusual bristled flower heads. Quackgrass (E. repens), native to Europe, is often used for erosion…

Sir Thomas Elyot was an English author and administrator, memorable for his championship and use of English prose for subjects then customarily treated in Latin. Both as a philosopher and as a lexicographer, he endeavoured to “augment our Englysshe tongue” as a medium for ideas. (Read H.L.

Elyria, city, seat (1823) of Lorain county, northern Ohio, U.S. It lies along the Black River, just west of Cleveland and south of the city of Lorain. The site was settled in 1817 by Heman Ely, who built a log house, dam, gristmill, and sawmill. The city is now a diversified industrial community

Elysia chlorotica, species of sea slug belonging to the family Elysiidae (order Sacoglossa) and known for its ability to photosynthesize food. It was among the first members of the animal kingdom thought to be capable of producing chlorophyll, a pigment found in nearly all photosynthetic plants

Elysia chlorotica, species of sea slug belonging to the family Elysiidae (order Sacoglossa) and known for its ability to photosynthesize food. It was among the first members of the animal kingdom thought to be capable of producing chlorophyll, a pigment found in nearly all photosynthetic plants

stereotyped response: Taxes: …of menotaxis, the sea slug Elysia viridis has been shown to move at angles of from 45° to 135° in relation to a steady source of light. No satisfactory explanation for this type of response in the sea slug is known.

Belvidere, city, seat (1837) of Boone county, northern Illinois, U.S. It lies on the Kishwaukee River, about 75 miles (120 km) northwest of downtown Chicago. The area was settled in 1835 and was originally named Elysian Fields. The city was founded in 1836 and renamed Belvidere (Latin: “beautiful

Elysium, in Greek mythology, originally the paradise to which heroes on whom the gods conferred immortality were sent. It probably was retained from Minoan religion. In Homer’s writings the Elysian Plain was a land of perfect happiness at the end of the Earth, on the banks of the Oceanus. A similar

Elysium, in Greek mythology, originally the paradise to which heroes on whom the gods conferred immortality were sent. It probably was retained from Minoan religion. In Homer’s writings the Elysian Plain was a land of perfect happiness at the end of the Earth, on the banks of the Oceanus. A similar

Mars: Tharsis and Elysium: The canyons of Valles Marineris terminate to the west near the crest of the Tharsis rise, a vast bulge on the Martian surface more than 8,000 km (5,000 miles) across and 8 km (5 miles) high at its center. Near the top of the…

Elysium, in Greek mythology, originally the paradise to which heroes on whom the gods conferred immortality were sent. It probably was retained from Minoan religion. In Homer’s writings the Elysian Plain was a land of perfect happiness at the end of the Earth, on the banks of the Oceanus. A similar

Matt Damon: Later credits: …ravaged Earth in the dystopian Elysium (2013), the head of a corporation attempting to prove that the universe will eventually collapse in upon itself in Terry Gilliam’s atmospheric The Zero Theorem (2013), and a desperate space explorer in Christopher Nolan’s Interstellar (2014).

Odysseus Elytis was a Greek poet and winner of the 1979 Nobel Prize for Literature. Born the scion of a prosperous family from Lesbos, he abandoned the family name as a young man in order to dissociate his writing from the family soap business. Elytis studied law at Athens University. Intrigued by

Odysseus Elytis was a Greek poet and winner of the 1979 Nobel Prize for Literature. Born the scion of a prosperous family from Lesbos, he abandoned the family name as a young man in order to dissociate his writing from the family soap business. Elytis studied law at Athens University. Intrigued by

Coleoptera: …modified into horny covers (elytra) that hide the rear pair and most of the abdomen and usually meet down the back in a straight line. Coleoptera occur in nearly all climates. They may be divided into four groups: the first three, the Archostemata, the Adephaga, and the Myxophaga, contain…

Elzevir Family, a family of Dutch booksellers, publishers, and printers, 15 members of which were in business between 1587 and 1681. They were best known for their books or editions of the Greek New Testament and the classics. Louis (1540?–1617), son of a printer of Leuven, settled in Leiden as a

Italian literature: The return to order: …but somewhat bloodless essays (elzeviri) published in Italian newspapers on page three—and obviously fitted in with the stifling of free expression under fascism. The sterility of this period, however, should not be exaggerated. The 20 years of fascist rule were hardly conducive to creativity, but in the dark picture…

Gael García Bernal: …credits the following year were Ema, about a couple struggling after a failed adoption, and Wasp Network, a thriller involving Cuban spies. In M. Night Shyamalan’s Old (2021), the actor portrayed a vacationer at a secluded beach where visitors age quickly. Also in 2021 García Bernal starred as Zorro in…

clinical trial: Clinical trials design: In Europe, for example, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) conducts a similar review of clinical trials data before deciding whether an agent should receive approval in the European Union. In addition, the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) brings together the…

e-mail, messages transmitted and received by digital computers through a network. An e-mail system allows computer users on a network to send text, graphics, sounds, and animated images to other users. The "at sign" (@) in the middle of an email address, separating the name of the emailer from the

enamelwork: Encrusted enamelling (émail en ronde bosse): Encrusted enamelling is the term used to describe the technique of enamelling the irregular surfaces of objects or figures in the round or in very high relief. Both opaque and translucent enamels are applied to these small-scale sculptural objects,…

Sabrina Carpenter: emails i can’t send, Short N’ Sweet, and Man’s Best Friend: …first album with Island Records, emails i can’t send, in July 2022. The album was a commercial success, peaking at number 23 on the Billboard 200. The track “Nonsense” from the album peaked at number 56 on the Billboard Hot 100, while “Feather” (a track from the 2023 extended version…

Armagh: …at the site known as Navan Fort, served as the centre of a kingdom of Ulster extending to the Rivers Shannon and Boyne in the west and south. Also associated with that period is an ancient frontier earthwork, Black Pig’s Dyke. Following the decline of Ulster in the 4th century,…

emaki, Japanese illustrated text, or narrative picture scroll. The makimono, or horizontal hand-scroll, format was used, and most often the text and illustrations appear on the same scroll. The earliest extant example of emaki was painted in 735. Among the most famous emaki is the Genji monogatari

emaki, Japanese illustrated text, or narrative picture scroll. The makimono, or horizontal hand-scroll, format was used, and most often the text and illustrations appear on the same scroll. The earliest extant example of emaki was painted in 735. Among the most famous emaki is the Genji monogatari

emaki, Japanese illustrated text, or narrative picture scroll. The makimono, or horizontal hand-scroll, format was used, and most often the text and illustrations appear on the same scroll. The earliest extant example of emaki was painted in 735. Among the most famous emaki is the Genji monogatari

eMalahleni, city, Mpumalanga province, South Africa, east of Pretoria. Established in 1890 as Witbank, it is at the centre of a coal-mining area in which more than 20 collieries operate. During the South African War (1899–1902), the young soldier-journalist Winston Churchill hid in a colliery near

warship: Large carriers: …mainly to accommodate the revolutionary electromagnetic aircraft launch system, or EMALS. EMALS replaced the classic steam-powered catapult with a 100-metre- (330-foot-) long "linear synchronous motor," an electric motor containing a series of magnetic coils that accelerated the launcher and connected aircraft along the carrier’s deck. Electromagnetic launching reduced stress on…

emanationism, philosophical and theological theory that sees all of creation as an unwilled, necessary, and spontaneous outflow of contingent beings of descending perfection—from an infinite, undiminished, unchanged primary substance. Typically, light is used as an analogy: it communicates itself

Will Smith: Later films and Oscar win: …Smith starred in Antoine Fuqua’s Emancipation, a drama set during the American Civil War. Smith played an enslaved man who flees the brutality of a Confederate railroad camp. Two years later he appeared in Bad Boys: Ride or Die.

Radical Republican: …the Republican Party committed to emancipation of enslaved people and later to the equal treatment and enfranchisement of the freed African Americans.

Emancipation Manifesto, (March 3 [Feb. 19, Old Style], 1861), manifesto issued by the Russian emperor Alexander II that accompanied 17 legislative acts that freed the serfs of the Russian Empire. (The acts were collectively called Statutes Concerning Peasants Leaving Serf Dependence, or Polozheniya

Juneteenth, holiday observed annually on June 19, commemorating the end of slavery in the United States. A combination of the words June and nineteenth, the holiday, also called Freedom Day, has been celebrated since 1866 and is considered to be one of the oldest continuing African American

Emancipation Manifesto, (March 3 [Feb. 19, Old Style], 1861), manifesto issued by the Russian emperor Alexander II that accompanied 17 legislative acts that freed the serfs of the Russian Empire. (The acts were collectively called Statutes Concerning Peasants Leaving Serf Dependence, or Polozheniya

Liberation of Labour, first Russian Marxist organization, founded in September 1883 in Geneva, by Georgy Valentinovich Plekhanov and Pavel Axelrod. Convinced that social revolution could be accomplished only by class-conscious industrial workers, the group’s founders broke with the Narodnaya Volya

Pharrell Williams: Early life and career with the Neptunes: …to Mariah Carey’s 2005 album The Emancipation of Mimi, which won a Grammy for best contemporary R&B album.

Emancipation Park, Juneteenth, and a Recommitment to Freedom: How the park came to be: …of land and established the park.

“Emancipation Park is Juneteenth.” That’s what Ramon Manning, chair of the Emancipation Park Conservancy, told me on a lazy Sunday afternoon in May 2025 at the 10-acre park in Houston’s Third Ward, a historic Black neighborhood. Juneteenth is America’s youngest national holiday. It celebrates the

Emancipation Proclamation, edict issued by U.S. Pres. Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, that freed the enslaved people of the Confederate states in rebellion against the Union. It took more than two years for news of the proclamation to reach the enslaved communities in the distant state of

Jonesborough: The Emancipator, one of the first abolitionist newspapers in the United States, was published (1820) in the town by Elihu Embree. The birthplace of frontiersman Davy Crockett is a few miles southwest near the town of Limestone.

environmentalism: Emancipatory environmentalism: Beginning in the 1970s, many environmentalists attempted to develop strategies for limiting environmental degradation through recycling, the use of alternative energy technologies, the decentralization and democratization of economic and social planning, and, for some, a reorganization of major industrial sectors, including the agriculture…

Emancipist, any of the former convicts in New South Wales, Australia, in the late 18th and the first half of the 19th centuries, specifically those who were seeking civil rights. Technically, the term applied only to pardoned convicts; it was generally used as well, however, for “expirees”—convicts

Ottoman Empire: Classical Ottoman society and administration: …of the mukâṭaʿa was the emanet (“trusteeship”), held by the emin (“trustee” or “agent”). In contrast to the timar holder, the emin turned all his proceeds over to the treasury and was compensated entirely by salary, thus being the closest Ottoman equivalent to the modern government official. The legal rationale…

Rahm Emanuel is an American politician who served as an adviser to U.S. Pres. Bill Clinton (1993–99) before being elected to the U.S. House of Representatives (2003–09). He later was chief of staff (2009–10) to U.S. Pres. Barack Obama, mayor of Chicago (2011–19), and U.S. ambassador to Japan

Rahm Emanuel is an American politician who served as an adviser to U.S. Pres. Bill Clinton (1993–99) before being elected to the U.S. House of Representatives (2003–09). He later was chief of staff (2009–10) to U.S. Pres. Barack Obama, mayor of Chicago (2011–19), and U.S. ambassador to Japan

Emmanuel Philibert was the duke of Savoy who recovered most of the lands his father Charles III had lost to France and Spain. A skilled soldier and a wily diplomat, he was also an able administrator who restored economic equilibrium to Savoy while freeing it from foreign occupation. Serving in the

Ebla: Emar, a city strategically located at the confluence of the Euphrates and Galikh rivers, was tied to Ebla by dynastic marriage. Khammazi was Ebla’s commercial and diplomatic ally in Iran. Commercial treaties were drawn up with other cities. Mari, on the Euphrates River to the…

Hama, city, central Syria, on the banks of the Orontes River. It was an important prehistoric settlement, becoming the kingdom of Hamath under the Aramaeans in the 11th century bce. It fell under Assyrian control in the 9th century bce and later passed under Persian, Macedonian, and Seleucid rule,

Théophile Gautier: These poems, published in Émaux et camées (1852; “Enamels and Cameos”), are among his finest, and the book was a point of departure for the writers Théodore de Banville and Leconte de Lisle. Charles Baudelaire paid tribute to Gautier in the dedication of his verse collection Les Fleurs du…

Battle of the Pyramids, (July 21, 1798), military engagement in which Napoleon Bonaparte and his French troops captured Cairo. His victory was attributed to the implementation of his one significant tactical innovation, the massive divisional square. (See “Napoleon’s Major Battles” Interactive Map)

African music: Interlocking: …music of the amadinda and embaire xylophones of southern Uganda. A special type of notation is now used for these xylophones, consisting of numbers and periods. A number indicates that a player strikes a note; the number refers to the note in the scale, as 5, for example, the fifth…

Ruy González de Clavijo: …Embajada a Tamor Lán (Embassy to Tamerlane), containing a vivid description of Samarkand, exists in two manuscripts at the Biblioteca Nacional, Madrid.

sheath-tailed bat, (family Emballonuridae), any of about 50 bat species named for the way in which the tail protrudes from a sheath in the membrane attached to the hind legs. The term sac-winged refers to the glandular sacs in the wing membranes of several genera. Sheath-tailed bats are found

embalming, the treatment of a dead body so as to sterilize it or to protect it from decay. For practical as well as theological reasons a well-preserved body has long been a chief mortuary concern. The ancient Greeks, who demanded endurance of their heroes in death as in life, expected the bodies

Guinea-Bissau: Independence of Guinea-Bissau: …Pereira, representing the PAIGC, and Umaro Sissoco Embaló, representing the Movement for Democratic Alternation Group of 15 (Madem G-15) opposition party founded by former PAIGC members, were the two top vote-getters, taking about 40 percent and 28 percent respectively. Vaz, who ran as an independent, won little more than 12…

Guri Dam, hydroelectric project and reservoir on the Caroní River, Bolívar State, eastern Venezuela, on the site of the former village of Guri (submerged by the reservoir), near the former mouth of the Guri River. The first stage of the facility was completed in 1969 as a 348-foot- (106-metre-)

earthfill dam, dam built up by compacting successive layers of earth, using the most impervious materials to form a core and placing more permeable substances on the upstream and downstream sides. A facing of crushed stone prevents erosion by wind or rain, and an ample spillway, usually of

San Francisco: City layout: …is part of the massive Embarcadero Center complex—designed by John Portman in the 1970s—which encompasses six city blocks and houses numerous shops, hotels, and restaurants.