Asian elephant, (Elephas maximus), largest land mammal in the continent of Asia, notable for its distinctive gray color, floppy large ears, and multifunctional trunk. On average, Asian elephants weigh between 3,400 and 5,200 kg (between about 7,500 and 11,500 pounds) and stand between about 2.6 to

elephant: …elephant includes three subspecies: the Indian, or mainland (E. maximus indicus), the Sumatran (E. maximus sumatranus), and the Sri Lankan (E. maximus maximus). African elephants have much larger ears, which are used to dissipate body heat.

elephant: maximus sumatranus), and the Sri Lankan (E. maximus maximus). African elephants have much larger ears, which are used to dissipate body heat.

elephant: maximus indicus), the Sumatran (E. maximus sumatranus), and the Sri Lankan (E. maximus maximus). African elephants have much larger ears, which are used to dissipate body heat.

Black Eyed Peas: Elephunk (2003) yielded the upbeat club-friendly hit singles “Where Is the Love?” (a collaboration with Justin Timberlake), “Hey Mama,” and “Let’s Get It Started” (titled “Let’s Get Retarded” on the album) and went on to sell more than two million copies. Its follow-up, Monkey Business…

John Astbury: …potting brothers John Philip and David Elers, who in 1688 had emigrated from Holland. Establishing a factory at Shelton in the early 18th century, he succeeded in producing yellowish-glazed red earthenware decorated with bits of white pipe clay (which he was the first to import from Devonshire); his mode of…

pottery: Stoneware: The brothers John Philip and David Elers, of German origin, made red stoneware at a factory in Staffordshire. It is difficult to separate their work from that of Dwight (at Fulham), on the one hand, and that of their Staffordshire imitators, on the other. Most wares are…

Fernanda Montenegro: …Eles não usam Black-Tie (1981; They Don’t Wear Black Tie), about family relations and labour unrest; and the three-part Traição (1998; Treason), which examined adultery. Her television credits included a number of soap operas, in which she was usually typecast as an “elegant, well-dressed magnate’s wife who lives in a…

Gilberto Gil: …music album in 2005 (Eletracústico), and he took home several Latin Grammys, including three (2001, 2002, 2010) for best Brazilian roots/regional album and one in 2010 for best Brazilian popular music album.

Yelets, city, Lipetsk oblast (region), western Russia, on the Sosna River. First mentioned in 1146 and the seat of a minor princedom in the 13th century, Yelets long served as a southern frontier fortress. It was captured by Timur in 1395 and by the Mongols in 1414; in 1483 it passed to Moscow.

Zingiberaceae: Major genera and species: The seeds of Elettaria cardamomum are the source of cardamom. Ginger is obtained from the fresh or dried rhizomes of Zingiber officinale, and a number of ornamental gingers are grown for their attractive flowers and foliage. Several species of shellflower (Alpinia) are cultivated as ornamentals.

Eleusinia, ancient Greek festival in honour of Demeter (the goddess of agriculture), unconnected with the Eleusinian Mysteries despite the similarity of names. The Eleusinia, which included games and contests, was held every two years, probably in the month of Metageitnion (August–September). Every

Eleusinian Mysteries, most famous of the secret religious rites of ancient Greece. According to the myth told in the Homeric Hymn to Demeter, the earth goddess Demeter (q.v.) went to Eleusis in search of her daughter Kore (Persephone), who had been abducted by Hades (Pluto), god of the underworld.

eleusis, card game invented by Robert Abbott and first described in Martin Gardner’s “Mathematical Games” column in Scientific American (July 1959). A more-refined version appeared in Abbott’s New Card Games (1967), with a further extension privately published in 1977. Formally, eleusis resembles a

Eleusis, ancient Greek city famous as the site of the Eleusinian Mysteries. Situated in the fertile plain of Thria about 14 miles (23 km) west of Athens, opposite the island of Salamis, Eleusis was independent until the 7th century bce, when Athens annexed the city and made the Eleusinian Mysteries

The Bahamas: Relief and soils: Eleuthera and Long Island (230 square miles [596 square km]) have the greatest number of hills exceeding 100 feet (30 meters). The highest point in The Bahamas, Mount Alvernia, at 206 feet (63 meters), is on Cat Island (150 square miles [388 square km]). Beneath…

The Bahamas: British colonization: …July of that year the Company of Eleutherian Adventurers was formed in London “for the Plantation of the Islands of Eleutheria, formerly called Buhama in America, and the Adjacent Islands.” Sayle and about 70 prospective settlers, consisting of Bermudan religious Independents and some persons who had come from England, sailed…

Boniface V: …organizing an Italy war-torn by Eleutherius, exarch of Ravenna. In endeavouring to apply canon law to civil law, he established the right of asylum. He also greatly helped the spread of Christianity in England, especially in Northumbria, by encouraging, through letters, the saintly missionaries evangelizing the Britons.

St. Eleutherius ; feast day May 26) was the pope from about 175 to 189. During his pontificate the church was involved in a controversy over Montanism, a movement that arose in Asia Minor among Christians who believed that new spiritual revelations could be achieved through the ecstatic trances of

Leptodactylidae: …of the genus Eleutherodactylus, or robber frogs. The young of this genus hatch as small frogs, rather than as tadpoles. The greenhouse frog (E. planirostis), a small brown frog commonly found in gardens, is a Cuban frog introduced into the southern United States. Many species have a very restricted distribution,…

Leptodactylidae: The greenhouse frog (E. planirostis), a small brown frog commonly found in gardens, is a Cuban frog introduced into the southern United States. Many species have a very restricted distribution, such as E. jasperi, which is found only in the cloud forests of Puerto Rico.

elevated transit line, railroad line, usually electric, raised above the ground or street level, usually on a trestle, for local transit in urban areas. By the mid-19th century it was evident that surface vehicles were inadequate for carrying the traffic of large cities. The first elevated was

airport: Cargo facilities: …as transfer vehicles (TVs) and elevating transfer vehicles (ETVs).

altitude and azimuth, in astronomy, gunnery, navigation, and other fields, two coordinates describing the position of an object above Earth. Altitude in this sense is expressed as angular elevation (up to 90°) above the horizon. Azimuth is the number of degrees clockwise from due north (usually) to

Alfred-Victor, count de Vigny: Maturity and disillusionment.: …new genre that he termed élévations. He felt all the more tormented, for he could no longer count on the religious faith of his childhood. His feelings on this score are evident in another poem (1832) in which he contemplated suicide: “And God? Such were the times, they no longer…

Peter Paul Rubens: Return to Antwerp: …Rubens’s two great Antwerp triptychs, The Elevation of the Cross (1609–10), combined Italianate reflections of Tintoretto and Caravaggio with Flemish realism in a heroic affirmation of redemptive suffering. His second triptych for Antwerp’s cathedral, Descent from the Cross (1611–14), is more Classical and restrained in keeping with its subject. This…

airplane: Elevator, aileron, and rudder controls: …control the movement of the elevator and ailerons and the rudder, respectively, through a system of cables or rods. In very sophisticated modern aircraft, there is no direct mechanical linkage between the pilot’s controls and the control surfaces; instead they are actuated by electric motors. The catch phrase for this…

elevator, car that moves in a vertical shaft to carry passengers or freight between the levels of a multistory building. Most modern elevators are propelled by electric motors, with the aid of a counterweight, through a system of cables and sheaves (pulleys). By opening the way to higher buildings,

theatre: Development of stage equipment: Elevator stages permitted new settings to be assembled below stage and then lifted to the height of the stage as the existing setting was withdrawn to the rear and dropped to below-stage level. Slip stages allowed large trucks to be stored in the wings or…

Louis Malle: …film, Ascenseur pour l’échafaud (1958; Elevator to the Gallows), was a psychological thriller. His second, Les Amants (1958; The Lovers), was a commercial success and established Malle and its star, Jeanne Moreau, in the film industry. The film’s lyrical love scenes, tracked with exquisite timing, exhibit Malle’s typically bold and…

number symbolism: 11: Sandwiched between the two auspicious and important numbers 10 and 12, the number 11 generally has negative connotations. Bungus stated that 11 has no connection with the divine, and medieval theology refers to the “11 heads of error.” Because at any time one of…

Paulo Coelho: The Alchemist and other works: …humankind; and Onze minutos (2003; Eleven Minutes), which explores the boundaries between love and sex through the story of a prostitute. A bruxa de Portobello (2006; The Witch of Portobello) tells the story of a female religious leader in the form of interviews with those who knew her. O vencedor…

English Civil Wars: Personal Rule and the seeds of rebellion (1629–40): Compared with the chaos unleashed by the Thirty Years’ War (1618–48) on the European continent, the British Isles under Charles I enjoyed relative peace and economic prosperity during the 1630s. However, by the later 1630s, Charles’s regime…

Sigrid Undset: Childhood: …her works—from Elleve aar (1934; Eleven Years), in which she tells of her childhood, to the story of her flight from Nazi-occupied Norway, published originally in English as Return to the Future (1942; Norwegian Tillbake til fremtiden). Her mother, Charlotte Undset (née Gyth), was Danish, and both of her parents…

checkers: Eleven-man ballot is a less popular method, in which one piece is removed by lot from each side before the start of a game. The original game of go-as-you-please has remained the most popular method of informal play. There are a number of variations on…

eleven-plus, in England, competitive examination given between primary and secondary school at about age 11. It evolved after 1944 as a means of determining in which of the three types of secondary school—grammar, technical, or modern—a child should continue his education. Originally the

Eleventh Amendment, amendment (1795) to the Constitution of the United States establishing the principle of state sovereign immunity. Under the authority of this amendment, the states are shielded from suits brought by citizens of other states or foreign countries. It is, for all intents and

Dhionísios, Count Solomós: …second and third sketches of Oi elévtheroi poliorkiménoi (“The Free Besieged”; 1827–49)—which deals with the siege of Missolonghi—and O pórfiras (1849; “The Shark”), exhibit, even in their fragments, a sense of rhythm, a “curious felicity,” and a melody of cadence not found in his juvenilia.

Jon Favreau: The Swingers breakthrough: …he directed the 2003 movie Elf, starring Will Ferrell. Other hits followed, sometimes including his friend and collaborator Vaughn. Favreau acted alongside Vaughn and Jennifer Aniston in The Break-Up (2006). Favreau and Vaughn also wrote (with Dana Fox) and starred in Couples Retreat (2009).

eastern Africa: Cracks in the empire: … announced the establishment of the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF). Its manifesto, which called for armed struggle to obtain Eritrea’s rights, attracted the support of Syria, which eagerly offered military training for rebellion in a country tied to the United States and Israel. This largely Muslim movement received an infusion of…

elf, in Germanic folklore, originally, a spirit of any kind, later specialized into a diminutive creature, usually in tiny human form. In the Prose, or Younger, Edda, elves were classified as light elves (who were fair) and dark elves (who were darker than pitch); these classifications are roughly

Elf Aquitaine, former French petroleum and natural resources group that was acquired by Totalfina in 2000 to create TotalFinaElf, renamed Total SA in 2003. Elf Aquitaine was descended directly from two agencies established by the French state in the 1930s and ’40s to promote the country’s energy

Carl Maria von Weber: In form, Oberon was little to his taste, having too many spoken scenes and elaborate stage devices for a composer who had always worked for the unification of the theatrical arts in opera. But into it he poured some of his most exquisite music, and he traveled…

elf owl, (Micrathene whitneyi), tiny bird of prey of the family Strigidae (order Strigiformes) of Mexico and the southwestern United States. It is the smallest owl and is about the size of a sparrow. In the cactus deserts, elf owls are among the most common birds, but they also inhabit forested

electromagnetic radiation: Radio waves: Extremely low-frequency (ELF) waves are of interest for communications systems for submarines. The relatively weak absorption by seawater of electromagnetic radiation at low frequencies and the existence of prominent resonances of the natural cavity formed by Earth and the ionosphere make the range between 5…

elf-cap moss, (genus Buxbaumia), any of the 12 species of moss of the genus Buxbaumia (subclass Buxbaumiidae) that grow on soil or rotten wood in the Northern Hemisphere. The four species native to North America are uncommon. Male and female organs are borne on separate plants. The male plant has

Erlkönig, song setting by Franz Schubert, written in 1815 and based on a 1782 poem of the same name by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. “Erlkönig” is considered by many to be one of the greatest ballads ever penned. The song was written for two performers, a singer and a pianist, and it packs a

The Erl-King, dramatic ballad by J.W. von Goethe, written in 1782 and published as Der Erlkönig. The poem is based on the Germanic legend of a malevolent elf who haunts the Black Forest, luring children to destruction. It was translated into English by Sir Walter Scott and set to music in a famous

Ed Asner: …the animated remake of Elf, Elf: Buddy’s Musical Christmas (2014).

Cuphea: Cuphea hyssopifolia, elfin herb, is a small hairy shrub with many branches. The small stalkless leaves are crowded and narrow; the flowers are tubular and violet white. C. llavea grows to a height of 60 centimetres (2 feet), is covered with stiff hairs, and has nearly stalkless,…

elfin woodland, stunted forest at high elevations in tropical wet areas or temperate coastal areas. Its short gnarled trees are heavily draped with epiphytes (air plants), and its floor is cushioned by mosses and ferns. These forests typically are not very biodiverse, having only a limited number

luminous moss, (Schistostega pennata; formerly S. osmundacea), light-reflecting plant of the subclass Bryidae, native to the Northern Hemisphere. It forms green mats in caves, holes in wood or earth, or cavities between rocks or under tree roots. A luminous moss is about one centimetre (12 inch) or

elfin woodland: Elfinwood, or krummholz, is a similar stunted forest characteristic of most Alpine regions nearing the tree line. See also cloud forest.

Sir Edward Elgar was an English composer whose works in the orchestral idiom of late 19th-century Romanticism—characterized by bold tunes, striking colour effects, and mastery of large forms—stimulated a renaissance of English music. The son of an organist and music dealer, Elgar left school at age

Sir Edward Elgar was an English composer whose works in the orchestral idiom of late 19th-century Romanticism—characterized by bold tunes, striking colour effects, and mastery of large forms—stimulated a renaissance of English music. The son of an organist and music dealer, Elgar left school at age

Elgin, royal burgh (town) and city, in Moray council area and historic county, northeastern Scotland, situated on the River Lossie in the fertile plain of Moray, of which it is the market town. On a hill to the west stood the 12th-century castle that in 1291 marked the northern limit of the English

Elgin, city, Kane and Cook counties, northeastern Illinois, U.S. It lies on the Fox River, about 40 miles (65 km) northwest of downtown Chicago. Potawatomi Indians were early inhabitants of the region. Elgin was founded in 1835 by James Talcott Gifford, a settler from New York, and named for a

Elgin Marbles, collection of ancient Greek sculptures and architectural details in the British Museum, London, where they are now called the Parthenon Sculptures. The objects were removed from the Parthenon at Athens and from other ancient buildings and shipped to England by arrangement of Thomas

John Northwood: …Northwood began work on his Elgin Vase (1873), commissioned by the glass-factory owner Benjamin Stone. The two-handled urn—encircled by a frieze carved in relief and decorated with etched classical motifs—inspired many British glassworkers to similarly embellish their works, with the aid of a glass-etching machine developed by Northwood himself.

James Bruce, 8th earl of Elgin was a British statesman and governor general of British North America in 1847–54 who effected responsible, or cabinet, government in Canada and whose conduct in office defined the role for his successors. Bruce had been elected to the British House of Commons for

James Bruce, 8th earl of Elgin was a British statesman and governor general of British North America in 1847–54 who effected responsible, or cabinet, government in Canada and whose conduct in office defined the role for his successors. Bruce had been elected to the British House of Commons for

Thomas Bruce, 7th earl of Elgin was a British diplomatist and art collector, famous for his acquisition of the Greek sculptures now known as the “Elgin Marbles.” The third son of Charles Bruce, the 5th earl (1732–71), Elgin succeeded his brother William Robert, the 6th earl, in 1771 at the age of

Thomas Bruce, 7th earl of Elgin was a British diplomatist and art collector, famous for his acquisition of the Greek sculptures now known as the “Elgin Marbles.” The third son of Charles Bruce, the 5th earl (1732–71), Elgin succeeded his brother William Robert, the 6th earl, in 1771 at the age of

Thomas Bruce, 7th earl of Elgin was a British diplomatist and art collector, famous for his acquisition of the Greek sculptures now known as the “Elgin Marbles.” The third son of Charles Bruce, the 5th earl (1732–71), Elgin succeeded his brother William Robert, the 6th earl, in 1771 at the age of

Victor Alexander Bruce, 9th earl of Elgin was the 9th earl of Elgin and the British viceroy of India from 1894 to 1899. He was the son of the 8th earl and was educated at Eton and at Balliol College, Oxford. In politics a Liberal of right-wing tendencies, Elgin was first commissioner of works under

elginism, the taking of cultural treasures, often from one country to another (usually to a wealthier one). It is commonly associated with debates over “cultural patrimony,” “cultural property,” and related international agreements, such as the UNESCO Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and

Moray, council area and historic county of northeastern Scotland, extending inland from the southern shore of the Moray Firth. The council area and the historic county occupy somewhat different areas. Most of the historic county of Moray lies within the council area of the same name, but the

Mount Elgon, extinct volcano on the Kenya-Uganda boundary. Its crater, about 5 miles (8 km) in diameter, contains several peaks, of which Wagagai (14,178 feet [4,321 meters]) is the highest. Its extrusions cover about 1,250 square miles (3,200 square km) and consist largely of fragmental rocks and

Goliath: …was slain by a certain Elhanan of Bethlehem in one of David’s later conflicts with the Philistines (II Samuel 21:18–22). This may be a transcriptural error as the parallel account in I Chronicles 20:5 avoids the contradiction by reading “Elhanan . . . slew Lahmi the brother of Goliath.”

Kangxi was the second emperor (reigned 1661–1722) of the Qing (Manchu) dynasty (1644–1911/12). To the Chinese empire he added areas north of the Amur River (Heilong Jiang) and portions of Outer Mongolia, and he extended control over Tibet. He opened four ports to foreign trade and encouraged the

Fausto Elhuyar: …in partnership with his brother Juan José was the first to isolate tungsten, or wolfram (1783), though not the first to recognize its elemental nature. After teaching at Vergara, in Spain (1781–85), Fausto accompanied his brother to several European colleges, including the Freiberg (Saxony) School of Mining and the University…

Fausto Elhuyar was a Spanish chemist and mineralogist who in partnership with his brother Juan José was the first to isolate tungsten, or wolfram (1783), though not the first to recognize its elemental nature. After teaching at Vergara, in Spain (1781–85), Fausto accompanied his brother to several

biblical literature: The role of Samuel: Eli, the priest at Shiloh (who had heard Hannah’s vow), trained the boy to serve Yahweh at the shrine, which Samuel’s mother and father visited annually. The sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, are depicted as corrupt, misusing their positions as servants of the shrine…

Laura Nyro: …release of the cult-classic albums Eli and the Thirteenth Confession (1968) and New York Tendaberry (1969). Nyro incorporated a diversity of influences in her writing and performing, drawing on rhythm and blues, soul, gospel, folk, jazz, and Brill Building- and Tin Pan Alley-style pop. Despite “retiring” from the music scene…

Eli Lilly and Company is one of the world’s largest research-based pharmaceutical and biomedical companies, known for the development and manufacture of a wide range of prescription medications for humans and animals. Among its best-known products are Cialis, a treatment for erectile dysfunction;

Laura Nyro: …End”), Three Dog Night (“Eli’s Coming”), and Blood, Sweat and Tears (“And When I Die”). A wayward yet reclusive artist, Nyro resisted pressure to streamline her songs for mass consumption. She was shaken after being booed off the stage by Janis Joplin fans at the 1967 Monterey (California) Pop…

Nelly Sachs: …Mysterienspiel vom Leiden Israels (1951; Eli: A Mystery Play of the Sufferings of Israel, included in the O the Chimneys collection). Before she won the Nobel Prize on her 75th birthday, she received the 1965 Peace Prize of German Publishers. In accepting the award from the land she had fled,…

Nelly Sachs: …Mysterienspiel vom Leiden Israels (1951; Eli: A Mystery Play of the Sufferings of Israel, included in the O the Chimneys collection). Before she won the Nobel Prize on her 75th birthday, she received the 1965 Peace Prize of German Publishers. In accepting the award from the land she had fled,…

Charles Lamb was an English essayist and critic, best known for his Essays of Elia (1823–33). Lamb went to school at Christ’s Hospital, where he studied until 1789. He was a near contemporary there of Samuel Taylor Coleridge and of Leigh Hunt. In 1792 Lamb found employment as a clerk at East India

Elijah was a Hebrew prophet who ranks with Moses in saving the religion of Yahweh from being corrupted by the nature worship of Baal. Elijah’s name means “Yahweh is my God” and is spelled Elias in some versions of the Bible. The story of his prophetic career in the northern kingdom of Israel during

Elia Kazan: Films, stage work, and writing of the 1960s and ’70s of Elia Kazan: …Kazan published his lengthy autobiography, Elia Kazan: A Life. In 1999 he received an honorary Academy Award for lifetime achievement in film. Controversy surrounded its presentation, as many of the wounds caused by Kazan’s testimony before HUAC remained open even after the passage of so many years, and some of…

Mircea Eliade was a historian of religions, phenomenologist of religion, and author of novels, novellas, and short stories. Eliade was one of the most influential scholars of religion of the 20th century and one of the world’s foremost interpreters of religious symbolism and myth. Eliade studied

Paul Helgesen was a Danish Humanist and champion of Scandinavian Roman Catholicism who opposed the Lutheran Reformation in Denmark. The author of several works against Scandinavian Reformers, he also translated works by the Dutch Humanist Erasmus and wrote the Skiby chronicle, a discussion of

Maronite church: …the work of the Jesuit John Eliano. In 1584 Pope Gregory XIII founded the Maronite College in Rome, which flourished under Jesuit administration into the 20th century and became a training centre for scholars and leaders.

Elijah was a Hebrew prophet who ranks with Moses in saving the religion of Yahweh from being corrupted by the nature worship of Baal. Elijah’s name means “Yahweh is my God” and is spelled Elias in some versions of the Bible. The story of his prophetic career in the northern kingdom of Israel during

Elias Of Cortona was a disciple of St. Francis of Assisi and a leading figure in the early history of the Franciscan Order, which he twice governed. In 1217 Elias headed the new Franciscan mission to the Holy Land as first minister provincial of Syria. He visited holy places in Palestine with

Comendador, city, western Dominican Republic, in the San Juan valley near the border with Haiti. It serves as a commercial centre for the surrounding agricultural lands, which produce sugarcane, cotton, coffee, and fruit. Comendador is the terminus of the paved highway from Santo Domingo, the

Grazia Deledda: …divorzio (1902; After the Divorce); Elias Portolu (1903), the story of a mystical former convict in love with his brother’s bride; Cenere (1904; Ashes; film, 1916, starring Eleonora Duse), in which an illegitimate son causes his mother’s suicide; and La madre (1920; The Woman and the Priest; U.S. title, The…

Llangefni: …town’s several Nonconformist churches, commemorates John Elias (1774–1841), a well-known pulpit orator of the Welsh Methodist Revival who fled to Llangefni when forced to take refuge from an angry mob in Beaumaris. Llangefni has remained a bustling market centre, and livestock are brought from all parts of the island for…

Mount Saint Elias, second highest peak (18,008 feet [5,489 metres]) of the St. Elias Mountains, on the Canada–United States (Alaska) border, 70 miles (110 km) northwest of Yakutat, Alaska. The mountain rises north of Malaspina Glacier. Vitus Bering became the first official European discoverer of

Pamirs: Study and exploration: …legendary journeys of the Englishman Ney Elias brought an enlightened European view of the region and its peoples, one without military or political bias. Political control of the mountains was settled in 1891 when tsarist forces rebuffed the British at Bozai Gombaz (Bazai Gombad) in the southern Pamirs. Russian and…

Norbert Elias was a sociologist who described the growth of civilization in western Europe as a complex evolutionary process, most notably in his principal work, Über den Prozess der Zivilisation (1939; The Civilizing Process: The History of Manners). Elias studied medicine, philosophy, and

New Jersey Devils: In 1999–2000, behind Patrik Elias, Petr Sykora, Jason Arnott, and Scott Gomez, the Devils once again won the Stanley Cup. The team dominated their division over the next several years, advancing to the Stanley Cup finals in 2000–01 and winning a third title in 2002–03. Although the Devils…

Olafur Eliasson is a Danish artist whose sculptures and large-scale installation art employ elemental materials such as light, water, and air temperature to enhance the viewer’s experience of the ordinary. Eliasson spent his childhood in Denmark and Iceland, where the unique terrain informed his

Granada, city, capital of Granada provincia (province) in the comunidad autónoma (autonomous community) of Andalusia, southern Spain. It lies along the Genil River at the northwestern slope of the Sierra Nevada, 2,260 feet (689 metres) above sea level. The Darro River, much reduced by irrigation

Alan Garner: Further novels included Elidor (1965), about four children tasked with protecting magical items, and The Owl Service (1967; television film 1969), which retells a story from the Welsh mythological compendium the Mabinogion. Red Shift (1973) follows the lives of three men living in different centuries, all of whom…

Marie De France: …to the 1,184 lines of Eliduc, a story of the devotion of a first wife whose husband brings a second wife from overseas.

Paul Helgesen was a Danish Humanist and champion of Scandinavian Roman Catholicism who opposed the Lutheran Reformation in Denmark. The author of several works against Scandinavian Reformers, he also translated works by the Dutch Humanist Erasmus and wrote the Skiby chronicle, a discussion of

Nicolas Poussin: The Raphael of our century: …noblest figure paintings, among them Eliezer and Rebecca, The Holy Family on the Steps, and The Judgment of Solomon. In all of those the artist integrated the figures with their setting in a strict and uncompromising manner that resulted in scenes that are not only conceived in depth but also…

Johanan ben Zakkai: Two of them, Eliezer ben Hyrcanus and Joshua ben Hananiah, who are credited with having smuggled their master out of Jerusalem in a coffin, were to become, by the end of the century and the beginning of the following one, the leading teachers of their generation and had…