Oscar Charleston was an American baseball player and manager who was one of the best all-around ballplayers in the history of the sport. Barred from Major League Baseball because of the unwritten rule against Black athletes, he spent his career in the Negro leagues. In his mid-teens, Charleston

Siege of Charleston, (1780) during the American Revolution, British land and sea campaign that cut off and forced the surrender of Charleston, S.C., the principal port city of the southern American colonies. Charleston in 1776 had withstood attack on Fort Sullivan (renamed Fort Moultrie because its

Charleston: The University of Charleston (formerly Morris Harvey College) is a private coeducational university founded in 1888; West Virginia State College (1891), a historically Black college, is in nearby Institute. Yeager Airport, just to the northeast, is named for test pilot Chuck Yeager, who was born in…

College of Charleston: …several nearby institutions, the affiliated University of Charleston awards master’s degrees in accountancy, education, teaching, English, bilingual legal interpreting, history, marine biology, mathematics, environmental studies, and public administration. Research facilities include the George D. Grice Marine Biological Laboratory and the Avery Research Center for African American History and Culture. Total…

Charlestown, section of Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. It is situated on a small peninsula between the estuaries of the Charles and Mystic rivers. The locality is dominated by several low hills, including the famous Bunker and Breed’s hills. First settled in 1628, it originally comprised a large area,

Charlestown, chief town and port on Nevis, an eastern Caribbean island in Saint Kitts and Nevis, on a bay on the western coast. It became the chief town after Jamestown, Nevis’s first settlement, was inundated by a tidal wave in 1680. In the late 18th century Charlestown was both a naval base and a

Charles City, city, seat (1854) of Floyd county, northern Iowa, U.S., on the Cedar River, about 30 miles (50 km) east-southeast of Mason City. The site was a campground for the Winnebago before it was settled in 1850 by Joseph Kelly from Monroe, Wisconsin, who named it for his son; it was called

Maud Ballington Booth was a Salvation Army leader and cofounder of the Volunteers of America. Maud Charlesworth grew up from the age of three in London. The examples of her father, a clergyman, and her mother, who worked with her husband in his slum parish, predisposed Maud to social service, and

Charleville, town, south-central Queensland, Australia. It lies along the Warrego River at an elevation of 974 feet (297 metres). The town was settled in 1842 and named for Charleville (Ráth Luirc), Ireland. It developed as a service centre for the sheep belt. The first regular Qantas air route in

Charleville-Mézières, twin towns, jointly capital of Ardennes département, Grand Est région, northeastern France. They lie along the Meuse River, 52 miles (84 km) northeast of Reims and 9 miles (14 km) southwest of the Belgian frontier. The twin towns of Charleville and Mézières (formerly Maceriae,

Charlevoix, city, seat (1869) of Charlevoix county, northwestern Michigan, U.S. It is located between Lake Charlevoix and Lake Michigan, about 50 miles (80 km) southwest of Mackinaw City and the Straits of Mackinac. Settled by fishermen by 1852, it was built on the site of an Indian village and was

Pierre-François-Xavier de Charlevoix was a French Jesuit who wrote one of the earliest descriptive accounts of North America. Sent from France on a scientific and exploratory mission to Canada, where he had previously stayed, he traveled up the St. Lawrence River in 1720, passed through the Great

Cloris Leachman: …performance in the film comedy Charley and the Angel (1973).

Yukon–Charley Rivers National Preserve: …basin of the 108-mile (174-km) Charley River, which flows into the Yukon from the south. The area contains numerous cabins and other relics of the 1890s Klondike gold rush as well as paleontological and archaeological sites. Plant life consists mainly of tundra vegetation, with willows and some conifers and other…

Don Siegel: Films with Eastwood: Siegel next made Charley Varrick (1973), a top-notch thriller with Walter Matthau playing a small-time robber on the run from a hit man after unwittingly stealing Mafia money during a bank heist. Siegel ventured into espionage with The Black Windmill (1974), which starred Michael Caine as a spy…

Charli XCX is a British singer and songwriter who was known to fans for her experimental electro-pop music for more than a decade when she found mainstream success with the release of her sixth album, Brat, in 2024. Critics have often praised her music for challenging boundaries while maintaining

Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, breed of toy dog developed from the English Toy Spaniel in the early 1900s. The English Toy Spaniel (also called the King Charles Spaniel), in turn, originated in England in the 1600s, probably from mixes of small spaniels with toy breeds from Asia. By the early 20th

Sam Mendes: 1917, The Lehman Trilogy, and The Hills of California: …directed the London production of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2013), a musical based on Roald Dahl’s children’s classic. He then staged The Ferryman (2017) on London’s West End. The drama, about an Irish rural family in the 1980s, was a huge success, and Mendes won an Olivier Award for…

Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, children’s book by Roald Dahl, first published in 1964. It was perhaps the most popular of his irreverent, darkly comic novels written for young people and tells the story of a destitute young boy who wins a golden ticket to tour the mysterious and magical

Tim Burton: …Legend of Sleepy Hollow”; and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005), an adaptation of Roald Dahl’s children’s book of the same name.

Charlie and the Chocolate Factory: Reception: Dahl wrote a sequel, Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator (1972).

the Coasters: …“Yakety Yak” (1958), and “Charlie Brown” and “Poison Ivy” (both 1959). The Coasters alternated lead singers and featured clever arrangements, including amusing bass replies and tenor saxophone solos by King Curtis, who played a crucial role in creating Atlantic’s rhythm-and-blues sound. With further personnel changes they continued performing in…

Charlie Brown, American comic strip character, one of the main figures in Peanuts, Charles Schulz’s enormously popular, highly acclaimed American newspaper and paperback cartoon strip (first run on October 2, 1950). The hapless Charlie Brown (who was usually called by both names—though Peppermint

H. Bruce Humberstone: …at the Race Track (1936), Charlie Chan at the Opera (1936), with Boris Karloff supplying the villainy, and Charlie Chan at the Olympics (1937). Time Out for Murder and While New York Sleeps (both 1938) were effective B-film mysteries, and the comedy Pack Up Your Troubles (1939) featured the Ritz…

Rita Hayworth: Movies from this period included Charlie Chan in Egypt (1935), Dante’s Inferno (1935), and Meet Nero Wolfe (1936). On the advice of her first husband, Edward Judson (who became her manager), she changed her name to Rita Hayworth and dyed her hair auburn, cultivating a sophisticated glamour that first registered…

Charlie Hebdo shooting: …at the Paris offices of Charlie Hebdo, a satiric magazine. The deadly violence focused attention on the threat posed by militant Islam, but the response to the attacks by the French was generally one of solidarity rather than reprisal.

Charlie Hebdo shooting, series of terrorist attacks and mass shootings that shook France in January 2015, claiming the lives of 17 people, including 11 journalists and security personnel at the Paris offices of Charlie Hebdo, a satiric magazine. The deadly violence focused attention on the threat

Pete Rose was a professional baseball player who in 1985 exceeded Ty Cobb’s record for career hits (4,189). During his career, Rose was noted for his all-around ability and enthusiasm. He was named Player of the Decade (1970–79) by The Sporting News. At the end of his career, he became better known

Conservative activist and Donald Trump ally Charlie Kirk was answering a question about mass shootings in the United States on September 10, 2025, at Utah Valley University (UVU) in Orem, Utah, when a single shot fired from a distance of some 175 yards (160 meters) hit Kirk in the neck, killing

Zac Efron: Early movie roles: …Again (2009), the supernatural romance Charlie St. Cloud (2010), and an adaptation of Nicholas Sparks’s novel The Lucky One (2012). Efron also joined the star-studded cast of Lee Daniels’s The Paperboy (2012), which featured Nicole Kidman, Matthew McConaughey, John Cusack, and Scott Glenn.

Emily Blunt: Breakthrough films: The Devil Wears Prada, Young Victoria, and Sicario: …Jane Austen Book Club and Charlie Wilson’s War (both 2007). She then appeared opposite Amy Adams in the dark comedy Sunshine Cleaning (2008), about two sisters who start a crime-scene clean-up business. Her star turn as Queen Victoria in The Young Victoria proved her ability to anchor a film.

Laverne Cox: …later credits included the films Charlie’s Angels (2019), Promising Young Woman (2020), and Jolt (2021).

Drew Barrymore: Stardom: …and starred in the popular Charlie’s Angels (2000) and its sequel, Charlie’s Angels: Full Throttle (2003), which were based on the 1970s television series; her costars were Cameron Diaz and Lucy Liu. In 2001 Barrymore played a teacher in the sci-fi cult classic Donnie Darko (2001), which starred Jake Gyllenhaal…

American Broadcasting Company: Focus on television: …sexually charged dramatic series (Charlie’s Angels [1976–81], The Love Boat [1977– 86], and Fantasy Island [1978–84]), Silverman rapidly elevated ABC to the coveted number one slot. Perhaps to counteract criticism of its lowbrow entertainment fare, the network offered a number of prestige projects during the Silverman years, notably the…

Drew Barrymore: Stardom: …Angels (2000) and its sequel, Charlie’s Angels: Full Throttle (2003), which were based on the 1970s television series; her costars were Cameron Diaz and Lucy Liu. In 2001 Barrymore played a teacher in the sci-fi cult classic Donnie Darko (2001), which starred Jake Gyllenhaal as a troubled teenage boy who…

Guardians of the Galaxy: Charlie-27, a human who has been genetically enhanced with increased strength and endurance to withstand the rigours of life in a Jupiter colony, returns from off-world duty to discover his Jovian home overrun by Badoon forces. He teleports to Pluto and encounters that world’s only…

Milky Way Galaxy: Moving groups: , Charlier’s method) are capable of high accuracy, provided that the measurements themselves are free of systematic errors. For the Taurus moving group, for example, it has been estimated that the accuracy for the best-observed stars is on the order of 3 percent in the parallax,…

Jean de Gerson was a theologian and Christian mystic, leader of the conciliar movement for church reform that ended the Great Schism (between the popes of Rome and Avignon). Gerson studied at the University of Paris under the noted theologian Pierre d’Ailly, later his colleague at the Council of

charlock, (Sinapis arvensis), early-flowering plant of the mustard family (Brassicaceae). Charlock is native to the Mediterranean region and has naturalized in temperate regions worldwide; it is an agricultural weed and an invasive species in some areas outside its native range. Charlock reaches 1

charlock, (Sinapis arvensis), early-flowering plant of the mustard family (Brassicaceae). Charlock is native to the Mediterranean region and has naturalized in temperate regions worldwide; it is an agricultural weed and an invasive species in some areas outside its native range. Charlock reaches 1

André Charlot was a French theatrical impresario best remembered for the musical revues that he produced in London from 1912 to 1937. Charlot assisted in the management of several theatres in Paris, including the Folies-Bergère and the Palais-Royal. In 1912 he became joint manager of the Alhambra

André Charlot was a French theatrical impresario best remembered for the musical revues that he produced in London from 1912 to 1937. Charlot assisted in the management of several theatres in Paris, including the Folies-Bergère and the Palais-Royal. In 1912 he became joint manager of the Alhambra

Jean Charlot was a French-born muralist, painter, and book illustrator who was known for monumental frescoes that show the influence of Mayan art. Charlot, whose mother was of Mexican descent, moved to Mexico City in 1920. There he painted frescoes for the Mexican government with artists such as

Carlota was the wife of the emperor Maximilian of Mexico. The only daughter of Leopold I, king of the Belgians, and Princess Louise of Orléans, Carlota married at age 17 the archduke Maximilian, brother of the emperor Francis Joseph of Austria. They lived as the Austrian regents in Milan until

D.M. Thomas: …Lady with a Laptop (1996), Charlotte (2000), and Hunters in the Snow (2014).

Charlotte was the grand duchess of Luxembourg from 1919 to 1964. Her constitutional reign saw the evolution of Luxembourg into a modern social-democratic state. The second daughter of Grand Duke William IV, Charlotte succeeded her sister Marie-Adélaïde, who abdicated in January 1919 after acquiring

charlotte, any of several traditional French desserts, typically formed in a deep cylindrical mold. The mold may be lined with buttered bread, sticks of spongecake, or cookies (biscuits) and filled with fruit puree, whipped cream, or ice cream. Many fruit charlottes are made with well-buttered

Charlotte, city, seat (1774) of Mecklenburg county, south-central North Carolina, U.S. It lies just east of the Catawba River in the Piedmont region. Settled about 1750, it was incorporated in 1768 and named for Princess Charlotte Sophia of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, George III’s queen. The so-called

Charlotte was the queen consort of George III of England. In 1761 she was selected unseen after the British king asked for a review of all eligible German Protestant princesses. The marriage was a success, and the couple had 15 children, including George IV. After the king was declared insane

Charlotte was the grand duchess of Luxembourg from 1919 to 1964. Her constitutional reign saw the evolution of Luxembourg into a modern social-democratic state. The second daughter of Grand Duke William IV, Charlotte succeeded her sister Marie-Adélaïde, who abdicated in January 1919 after acquiring

Charlotte Amalie, city, capital of the U.S. Virgin Islands and of St. Thomas Island, situated at the head of St. Thomas Harbor on the island’s southern shore. The largest city in the Virgin Islands, it is built on three low volcanic spurs called Frenchman Hill (Foretop Hill), Berg Hill (Maintop),

Patricia McBride: …Carolina Dance Theatre (later called Charlotte Ballet), with her husband, Jean-Pierre Bonnefoux, serving as artistic director; he retired in 2017. She also was a master teacher at the dance academy. In 2014 she received a Kennedy Center Honor.

Charlotte Hornets, American professional basketball team based in Charlotte, North Carolina, that plays in the Eastern Conference of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The team, originally known as the Bobcats, joined the NBA in 2004 as the league’s 30th franchise. The team’s owner was

Charlotte Dundas, first practical steamboat, designed by the Scottish engineer William Symington, and built for towing on the Forth and Clyde Canal. She proved herself in a test in March 1802 by pulling two 70-ton barges 19 12 miles (31 kilometres) in six hours. The tug, 56 feet (17 metres) long by

Mario Testino: …party for the couple’s daughter, Princess Charlotte.

Billy Crudup: Roles from the early 2000s and split from Mary-Louise Parker: …such films as Gillian Armstrong’s Charlotte Gray (2001) and Tim Burton’s Big Fish (2003). About this time, he split from his longtime girlfriend, actress Mary-Louise Parker, who was then pregnant with their son, William Atticus Parker, and began dating Claire Danes, his costar in the film

Charlotte Harbor, shallow inlet of the Gulf of Mexico, indenting the southwest coast of Florida, U.S., between Sarasota and Fort Myers. It covers about 270 square miles (700 square km). The Peace and Myakka rivers enter the harbour’s north end, and a dredged channel serves the port of Punta Gorda.

Charlotte Hornets, American professional basketball team based in Charlotte, North Carolina, that plays in the Eastern Conference of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The team, originally known as the Bobcats, joined the NBA in 2004 as the league’s 30th franchise. The team’s owner was

Abaiang Atoll, coral atoll of the Gilbert Islands, part of Kiribati, in the west-central Pacific Ocean. Comprising six islets in the northern Gilberts, the atoll has a lagoon (16 miles by 5 miles [26 km by 8 km]) that provides sheltered anchorage. The islets of Abaiang are Teirio, Nuotaea,

Nicholas I: Education: …Princess Charlotte of Prussia (Alexandra, after she became Orthodox).

Mario Testino: …party for the couple’s daughter, Princess Charlotte.

Charlotte was the queen consort of George III of England. In 1761 she was selected unseen after the British king asked for a review of all eligible German Protestant princesses. The marriage was a success, and the couple had 15 children, including George IV. After the king was declared insane

basketball: U.S. women’s basketball: …though following the season the Charlotte Sting disbanded, and in 2008 the WNBA’s inaugural champion, the Houston Comets, also folded. The Sacramento Monarchs disbanded in 2009. Women’s professional basketball is played during the summer months.

Susanna Rowson: …of the first American best-seller, Charlotte Temple.

Roseau, capital and chief town of Dominica, an independent island republic in the Caribbean Sea. It lies on the island’s southwestern coast, at the mouth of the Roseau River. Roseau, formerly called Charlotte Town, was burned by the French in 1805 and again suffered nearly total destruction by a

Charlotte’s Web, classic children’s novel by E.B. White, published in 1952, with illustrations by Garth Williams. The widely read tale takes place on a farm and concerns a pig named Wilbur and his devoted friend Charlotte, the spider who manages to save his life by writing about him in her web.

Oprah Winfrey: The Oprah Winfrey Show and films: …to several animated films, including Charlotte’s Web (2006) and The Princess and the Frog (2009), and appeared in Lee Daniels’ The Butler (2013). Selma (2014), a film about Martin Luther King, Jr., that Winfrey produced and also appeared in, was nominated for an Academy Award for best picture. She subsequently…

Susanna Rowson: …of the first American best-seller, Charlotte Temple.

Mario Testino: …party for the couple’s daughter, Princess Charlotte.

Copenhagen: The contemporary city: …the French Embassy) and the Charlottenborg Palace (now the Royal Academy of Fine Arts), both of the 17th century, and the Royal Theatre, built in 1874.

Charlottenburg, area of Berlin, Ger., on the Spree River. Originally called Lietzenburg, it was renamed for Sophie Charlotte, wife of Frederick I, king of Prussia, and was chartered in 1705. It was incorporated into Berlin in 1920. The palace, built in 1695–99 for the Queen, contains collections of

Berlin: The city layout: The Charlottenburg Palace, dating from the late 17th century, is perhaps the city’s most outstanding example of Baroque design.

Charlottesville, city, administratively independent of, but located in, Albemarle county, central Virginia, U.S. It lies on the Rivanna River, in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains, about 70 miles (112 km) northwest of Richmond, on the main route west from the Tidewater region. It was

Charlottetown, city, seat of Queens county and capital (1765) of Prince Edward Island, Canada. It is located on Hillsborough Bay, an arm of Northumberland Strait, at the mouths of the Elliot (west), North, and Hillsborough rivers. Originating in the 1720s as a French settlement called Port la Joie

Canada: The Quebec question: …Manitoba and Newfoundland, and the Charlottetown Accord (1992), which addressed greater autonomy for both Quebec and the aboriginal population, was rejected in a national referendum (it lost decisively in Quebec and the western provinces). The Clarity Act (2000) produced an agreement between Quebec and the federal government that any future…

Charlottetown Conference, (1864), first of a series of meetings that ultimately led to the formation of the Dominion of Canada. In 1864 a conference was planned to discuss the possibility of a union of the Maritime Provinces. The Province of Canada (consisting of present-day Ontario and Quebec)

Canada: The performing arts: …most distinctive group is the Charlottetown Festival, in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island (founded 1965), which produces Canadian shows exclusively. Its most successful show, Anne of Green Gables, an adaptation of Lucy Maud Montgomery’s novel, has been staged both in London and on Broadway.

Boy Charlton was an Australian swimmer who won five Olympic medals. In 1923, at the age of 15, Charlton set his first world record, swimming 880 yards in 11 min 5.2 sec. En route to the 1924 Olympic Games in Paris, Charlton’s adoptive father, who had become his coach, suffered a nervous breakdown

Bobby Charlton was a football (soccer) player and manager who is regarded as one of the greatest English footballers. From 1957 to 1973 he made a total of 106 international appearances for England—a national record at the time. A forward on the Manchester United team from 1954 until he retired in

Boy Charlton was an Australian swimmer who won five Olympic medals. In 1923, at the age of 15, Charlton set his first world record, swimming 880 yards in 11 min 5.2 sec. En route to the 1924 Olympic Games in Paris, Charlton’s adoptive father, who had become his coach, suffered a nervous breakdown

Bobby Charlton was a football (soccer) player and manager who is regarded as one of the greatest English footballers. From 1957 to 1973 he made a total of 106 international appearances for England—a national record at the time. A forward on the Manchester United team from 1954 until he retired in

Baron de Charlus, fictional character, a licentious gay man in the seven-volume novel Remembrance of Things Past (1913–27; also translated as In Search of Lost Time) by Marcel Proust. The baron, the nephew of Mme de Villeparisis and a member of the influential Guermantes family, is first introduced

Baron de Charlus, fictional character, a licentious gay man in the seven-volume novel Remembrance of Things Past (1913–27; also translated as In Search of Lost Time) by Marcel Proust. The baron, the nephew of Mme de Villeparisis and a member of the influential Guermantes family, is first introduced

Charly, American film drama, released in 1968, that was an adaptation of Daniel Keyes’s short story “Flowers for Algernon.” Cliff Robertson, in the title role, won an Academy Award for best actor. Charly Gordon (played by Robertson) is an intellectually disabled baker who is asked to undergo an

Louise Labé was a French poet, the daughter of a rope maker (cordier). Labé was a member of the 16th-century Lyon school of humanist poets dominated by Maurice Scève. Her wit, charm, accomplishments, and the freedom she enjoyed provoked unverifiable legends, such as those claiming she rode to war,

charm, a practice or expression believed to have magic power, similar to an incantation or a spell. Charms are among the earliest examples of written literature. Among the charms written in Old English are those against a dwarf and against the theft of cattle. The word is from the Old French charme

subatomic particle: Quarks and antiquarks: …a second pair of quarks, charm (c) and strange (s), with charges of + 2 3 e and − 1 3 e, respectively. A third, still heavier pair of quarks consists of top (or truth, t) and bottom (or beauty, b), again with charges of +

Luis Buñuel: Life and work: …discret de la bourgeoisie (1972; The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie); and Cet obscur objet du désir (1977; That Obscure Object of Desire)—all trade in Buñuel’s first and only real belief system, surrealism. In this world, society rests precariously on a swamp of repression and suppressed violence from which, periodically,…

Paul Valéry: …de vers anciens, 1890–1900 and Charmes ou poèmes, a collection that includes his famous meditation on death in the cemetery at Sète (where he now lies buried).

Plato: Life: …mother’s close relatives Critias and Charmides were among the Thirty Tyrants who seized power in Athens and ruled briefly until the restoration of democracy in 403.

Plato: Early dialogues of Plato: In the Charmides, Socrates discusses temperance and self-knowledge with Critias and Charmides; at the fictional early date of the dialogue, Charmides is still a promising youth. The dialogue moves from an account in terms of behaviour (“temperance is a kind of quietness”) to an attempt to specify…

Charminar, historic monument located at the heart of Hyderabad, west-central Telangana state, south-central India. The city, which is the capital of Telangana state, was also the capital of the historic princely state of Hyderabad. The monument was built in 1591 by Muḥammad Qulī Quṭb Shah, the

Kelsey Grammer: Later film and TV credits: …cast as a congressman in Charming the Hearts of Men (2020), a romantic drama set in the 1960s. His films from 2021 included The Space Between, about an aging rock star.

Charnay Fibula, curved silver ornament, dating from the mid-6th century, that bears a runic inscription. The Fibula, a type of clasp, was discovered around 1857 in Burgundy, Fr. Its inscription consists of a horizontal line using the first 20 characters of the runic alphabet and two vertical lines

Claude-Joseph-Désiré Charnay was a French explorer and archaeologist, noted for his pioneering investigations of prehistoric Mexico and Central America. He was commissioned by the French government in 1857 and spent four years collecting relics in Mexico and compiling a photographic archive of the

Jule Gregory Charney was an American meteorologist who contributed to the development of numerical weather prediction and to increased understanding of the general circulation of the atmosphere by devising a series of increasingly sophisticated mathematical models of the atmosphere. Shortly after

Psychology Today: , by psychologist Nicholas Charney.

Longmyndian: …a Precambrian organism known as Charnia; these are especially prominent in the higher levels of the Maplewell Series. Similar if not identical forms are known to occur in Australia. The zoological affinities of Charnia are uncertain; opinions have ranged from including the form in the Coelenterata (corals, hydras, and jellyfish)…

Longmyndian: …rocks, collectively known as the Charnian, consist largely of volcanic rocks (most prominent in the Maplewell Series and least in the Brand Series) and of sedimentary conglomerates, sandstones, siltstones, and slates.

Job Charnock was a controversial administrator in the British East India Company who is credited with establishing a British trading post at what is today Kolkata. Arriving in India in 1655/56, Charnock was stationed first at Cossimbazar, north of present-day Kolkata, and then at Patna, in Bihar,