Carlos de Austria was the prince of Asturias, son of King Philip II of Spain and Maria of Portugal, heir to the Spanish throne. His hatred for his father led him to conspire with the king’s enemies in the Low Countries, thus provoking his arrest. His death contributed to the Black Legend of Philip

Carlos Luis de Borbón, count de Montemolín was the second Carlist, or Bourbon traditionalist, Spanish pretender (as Charles VI) who twice attempted unsuccessfully to seize the throne and who by perpetuating the breach within the Bourbon royal family helped weaken support for the monarchy.

Carlos María Isidro de Borbón, conde de Molina was the first Carlist pretender to the Spanish throne (as Charles V) and the second surviving son of King Charles IV (see Carlism). Don Carlos was imprisoned in Napoleonic France from 1808 to 1814. During the period of liberal rule (1820–23) he was

Carlos María de los Dolores de Borbón y Austria-este, duke de Madrid was the fourth Carlist, or Bourbon traditionalist, pretender to the Spanish throne (as Charles VII). His military incompetence and lack of leadership led to the final decline of the Carlist cause. Don Carlos was the great-grandson

Roberto Carlos: Collaborating with his former bandmate Erasmo Carlos, Roberto recorded covers of American pop hits such as Bobby Darin’s “Splish Splash” as well as original songs cowritten with Erasmo. By 1964, when he released the album É proibido fumar (“No Smoking”), he had become recognized throughout Brazil as the leading exponent…

Tommie Smith: …attention when he and teammate John Carlos gave the Black Power salute. It became a defining moment in the civil rights movement and an enduring example of athlete activism.

Roberto Carlos is a Brazilian singer-songwriter who was at the forefront of the 1960s rock-and-roll movement in Brazil and later became hugely popular as a performer of romantic ballads and boleros. Carlos was born into a lower-middle-class family and displayed an early affinity for music, making

Wendy Carlos is a groundbreaking musician and composer whose use of the synthesizer blazed a trail in the use of electronic instruments and composition. She is most well known for her Grammy-winning 1968 album Switched-On Bach. This album took classical pieces by Johann Sebastian Bach and

Wendy Carlos is a groundbreaking musician and composer whose use of the synthesizer blazed a trail in the use of electronic instruments and composition. She is most well known for her Grammy-winning 1968 album Switched-On Bach. This album took classical pieces by Johann Sebastian Bach and

Carlota was the wife of the emperor Maximilian of Mexico. The only daughter of Leopold I, king of the Belgians, and Princess Louise of Orléans, Carlota married at age 17 the archduke Maximilian, brother of the emperor Francis Joseph of Austria. They lived as the Austrian regents in Milan until

Michael: …of his Spanish mother, Queen Carlota Joaquina. On his return, King John VI accepted the liberal constitution of 1821, but Queen Carlota refused to take the oath. When in 1823 the French overthrew the radical regime in Spain, Michael led a military rebellion that dissolved the discredited Cortes in Portugal.…

Carlow, county in the province of Leinster, southeastern Ireland. The town of Carlow, in the northwest, is the county seat. One of the smallest Irish counties, Carlow is bounded by Counties Kildare (north), Wicklow and Wexford (east), and Kilkenny and Laoighis (west). In the east are the granitic

Carlow, urban district and county seat, County Carlow, Ireland, on the left bank of the River Barrow. An Anglo-Norman stronghold, the town received charters of incorporation in the 13th and 17th centuries. The keep (innermost citadel) of a 13th-century stronghold remains at the confluence of the

Pittsburgh: The contemporary city: …Park (1960), Chatham (1869), and Carlow (1929) universities and two campuses of the Community College of Allegheny County (1966).

Sremski Karlovci, town in the south-central part of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. It lies along the Danube River, roughly 9 miles (15 km) southeast of the administrative capital of Novi Sad and on the road and rail routes from Belgrade to Subotica (in Vojvodina) and Hungary. In

Treaty of Carlowitz, (Jan. 26, 1699), peace settlement that ended hostilities (1683–99) between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League (Austria, Poland, Venice, and Russia) and transferred Transylvania and much of Hungary from Turkish control to Austrian. The treaty significantly diminished Turkish

Karlovy Vary, spa city, western Czech Republic. The city lies along the Teplá River where it flows into the valley of the Ohře River, 70 miles (113 km) west of Prague. The surrounding highland areas were once subject to volcanic activity, which accounts for the thermal springs in the vicinity. Of

Carlsbad, city, San Diego county, southern California, U.S. Located 35 miles (55 km) north of San Diego, Carlsbad lies along a lagoon on the Pacific Ocean just south of Oceanside, in a winter vegetable- and flower-growing district. Luiseño Indians long inhabited the location before Spanish

Carlsbad, city, seat (1889) of Eddy county, southeastern New Mexico, U.S. It lies on the right bank of the Pecos River. Founded in 1887 and first known as Eddy (for its founder Charles B. Eddy), it was renamed in 1899 for the European spa of Carlsbad (now Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic), because of

Carlsbad Caverns National Park, area of the Chihuahuan Desert in southeastern New Mexico, U.S., near the base of the Guadalupe Mountains (a segment of the Sacramento Mountains). It was established in 1923 as a national monument, designated a national park in 1930, and proclaimed a UNESCO World

Carlsbad Decrees, series of resolutions (Beschlüsse) issued by a conference of ministers from the major German states, meeting at the Bohemian spa of Carlsbad (now Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic) on Aug. 6–31, 1819. The states represented were Austria, Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony, Mecklenburg, Hanover,

feldspar: Crystal structure: …common kinds of twinning—those designated Carlsbad twinning and albite twinning—are shown in the figure. Carlsbad twinning occurs in both monoclinic and triclinic feldspars; albite twinning occurs only in triclinic feldspars. Albite twinning, which is typically polysynthetic (i.e., multiple or repeated), can be observed as a set of parallel lines on…

Carlsberg Ridge, submarine ridge of the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean. The ridge extends from the triple junction of the African, Indian, and Australian tectonic plates at 2°07′ N 66°30′ E (where it connects to the Mid-Indian Ridge) northwest to the Gulf of Aden. The ridge separates the Arabian

Magnus Carlsen is a Norwegian chess player who in 2013 at age 22 became the second youngest world chess champion. (Read Garry Kasparov’s Britannica essay on chess & Deep Blue.) Carlsen’s father first taught him how to play chess when he was five years old. He played in his first tournament at the

Magnus Carlsen is a Norwegian chess player who in 2013 at age 22 became the second youngest world chess champion. (Read Garry Kasparov’s Britannica essay on chess & Deep Blue.) Carlsen’s father first taught him how to play chess when he was five years old. He played in his first tournament at the

Evans Carlson: …who led guerrilla fighters (Carlson’s Raiders) on daring military incursions in the Pacific area.

Chester F. Carlson was an American physicist who was the inventor of xerography, an electrostatic dry-copying process that found applications ranging from office copying to reproducing out-of-print books. By age 14 Carlson was supporting his invalid parents, yet he managed to earn a college degree

Evans Carlson was a U.S. Marine officer during World War II who led guerrilla fighters (Carlson’s Raiders) on daring military incursions in the Pacific area. Carlson ran away from home to enlist in the U.S. Army at age 16. During World War I he was made a captain and served as assistant adjutant

Evans Carlson was a U.S. Marine officer during World War II who led guerrilla fighters (Carlson’s Raiders) on daring military incursions in the Pacific area. Carlson ran away from home to enlist in the U.S. Army at age 16. During World War I he was made a captain and served as assistant adjutant

Pat Roberts: Frank Carlson, and the following year he began working for U.S. Rep. Keith Sebelius (who would later become father-in-law to Kathleen Sebelius, governor of Kansas in 2003–09 and U.S. secretary of health and human services in 2009–14). In 1969 Roberts married, and he and his…

Roger Ailes: In 2016 Gretchen Carlson, a former host on Fox News, filed a sexual harassment suit against Ailes. She alleged that he had made unwanted sexual advances and had engaged in sexist behaviour. Other women reportedly made similar claims, most notably Kelly. Although Ailes denied the accusations, he…

Tucker Carlson is an American conservative political pundit who from 2016 to 2023 was the host of Tucker Carlson Tonight on the Fox News Channel. At its zenith, the show was watched by more than four million people nightly, a record for a cable television show. The show is credited with helping to

Tucker Carlson is an American conservative political pundit who from 2016 to 2023 was the host of Tucker Carlson Tonight on the Fox News Channel. At its zenith, the show was watched by more than four million people nightly, a record for a cable television show. The show is credited with helping to

Arvid Carlsson was a Swedish pharmacologist who, along with Paul Greengard and Eric Kandel, was awarded the 2000 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his research establishing dopamine as an important neurotransmitter in the brain. Carlsson’s work led to a treatment for Parkinson disease.

Commission on Global Governance: …invited former Swedish prime minister Ingvar Carlsson and former secretary-general of the Commonwealth of Nations Shridath Ramphal of Guyana to cochair the commission. Together they presented the proposal for the commission to United Nations Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali, who assured them of his support for their project of reassessing multilateral action.

Andreas Karlstadt was a German theologian and early supporter of Martin Luther who later dissented from Lutheran views by pressing for more extensive reforms in theology and church life. Educated at Erfurt and Cologne, Karlstadt was appointed professor at the University of Wittenberg in 1505. There

lighthouse: Paraboloidal mirrors: …first revolving-beam lighthouse was at Carlsten, near Marstrand, Sweden, in 1781.

J. Walter Thompson Co., American advertising agency that was long one of the largest such enterprises in the world. In 1980 it became a subsidiary of JWT Group Inc., a Delaware-based holding company. The company grew out of one of the first advertising agencies, Carlton & Smith, established in

David Cameron: Early life and start in politics: Cameron joined the media company Carlton Communications in 1994 as director of corporate affairs. He stayed at Carlton until he entered Parliament in 2001 as MP for Witney, northwest of London.

Carlton House table, writing table, normally constructed of mahogany or satinwood, characterized by a stepped, or tiered, superstructure of drawers and pigeonholes running along the back and curving around the sides of the top, leaving clear only the side nearest the sitter. The curve of the

Carlton House table, writing table, normally constructed of mahogany or satinwood, characterized by a stepped, or tiered, superstructure of drawers and pigeonholes running along the back and curving around the sides of the top, leaving clear only the side nearest the sitter. The curve of the

Carlton House table, writing table, normally constructed of mahogany or satinwood, characterized by a stepped, or tiered, superstructure of drawers and pigeonholes running along the back and curving around the sides of the top, leaving clear only the side nearest the sitter. The curve of the

Steve Carlton is an American professional baseball player. In 1983, Carlton became the second pitcher to surpass Walter Johnson’s career record of 3,508 strikeouts (Nolan Ryan was the first). Carlton pitched for Miami-Dade, a junior college in Florida, before the left-hander signed a contract with

Steve Carlton is an American professional baseball player. In 1983, Carlton became the second pitcher to surpass Walter Johnson’s career record of 3,508 strikeouts (Nolan Ryan was the first). Carlton pitched for Miami-Dade, a junior college in Florida, before the left-hander signed a contract with

Colin Powell: …soon became an assistant to Frank Carlucci, then deputy director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). He held various posts over the next few years, in the Pentagon and elsewhere, and in 1983 became senior military assistant to Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger. In 1987 he joined the…

Carlo Maratta was one of the leading painters of the Roman school in the later 17th century and one of the last great masters of Baroque classicism. His final works offer an early example of “arcadian good taste” (named for the Academy of Arcadians, of which he was a member), a style that was to

Cyclanthaceae: Panama hat palm order of monocotyledonous flowering plants, which has 11 genera of mostly stemless, perennial, palmlike herbs, woody herbaceous shrubs, and climbing vines that are distributed in Central America and tropical South America.

Lou Gerstner: …2003 Gerstner became chairman of the Carlyle Group, a leading private equity firm. After stepping down from that post in 2008, he served as a senior advisor to the group until 2016.

Thomas Carlyle was a Scottish historian and essayist, whose major works include The French Revolution, 3 vol. (1837), On Heroes, Hero-Worship, and the Heroic in History (1841), and The History of Friedrich II of Prussia, Called Frederick the Great, 6 vol. (1858–65). Carlyle was the second son of

radio telescope: Radio telescope arrays: …interferometers and arrays are the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy (CARMA) near Big Pine, California, the IRAM Plateau de Bure facility in France, and the Japanese Nobeyama Radio Observatory. In 2003 the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, in collaboration with the Academia Sinica of Taiwan, completed the Submillimeter Array…

John Carmack is an American computer-game designer whose pioneering work on three-dimensional game design led to the popularization of the “first-person shooter” genre, exemplified by such hugely successful games as Doom and Quake. His company, id Software, developed shareware and Internet

John Carmack is an American computer-game designer whose pioneering work on three-dimensional game design led to the popularization of the “first-person shooter” genre, exemplified by such hugely successful games as Doom and Quake. His company, id Software, developed shareware and Internet

condottiere: …fortunate was another great condottiere, Carmagnola, who first served one of the viscounts of Milan and then conducted the wars of Venice against his former masters but at last awoke the suspicion of the Venetian oligarchy and was put to death before the palace of St. Mark (1432). Toward the…

carmagnole, originally, a Piedmontese peasant costume (from the Italian town of Carmagnola) that was well known in the south of France and brought to Paris by the revolutionaries of Marseille in 1792. The costume, later the popular dress of the Jacobins, consisted of a short-skirted coat with rows

Bliss Carman was a Canadian regional poet of the Maritime Provinces and the New England region of the United States who is remembered chiefly for poignant love poems and one or two rhapsodies in celebration of nature. Educated at Fredericton Collegiate and at the University of New Brunswick, in

Bliss Carman was a Canadian regional poet of the Maritime Provinces and the New England region of the United States who is remembered chiefly for poignant love poems and one or two rhapsodies in celebration of nature. Educated at Fredericton Collegiate and at the University of New Brunswick, in

Alexander the Great: Consolidation of the empire: …of extortion and summoned to Carmania, where they were arrested, tried, and executed. How far the rigour that from now onward Alexander displayed against his governors represents exemplary punishment for gross maladministration during his absence and how far the elimination of men he had come to distrust (as in the…

ship: Passenger liners in the 20th century: …at 650 feet (Caronia and Carmania) were fitted, respectively, with quadruple-expansion piston engines and a steam-turbine engine so that a test comparison could be made; the turbine-powered Carmania was nearly a knot faster. Cunard’s giant ships, the Lusitania and the Mauretania, were launched in 1906. The Lusitania

Carmarthen, town, administrative centre of the historic and present county of Carmarthenshire (Sir Gaerfyrddin), southwestern Wales. The town is located on the River Tywi 8 miles (13 km) above its Bristol Channel mouth. Recognizing the site’s strategic importance, both Romans and Normans built

Thomas Osborne, 1st duke of Leeds was an English statesman who, while chief minister to King Charles II, organized the Tories in Parliament. In addition, he played a key role in bringing William and Mary to the English throne in 1689. The son of a Royalist Yorkshire landowner, Osborne did not

Carmarthenshire, county of southwestern Wales, extending inland from the Bristol Channel. The present county is coterminous with the historic county of the same name. It rises from sea level along the Bristol Channel to an elevation of more than 2,000 feet (600 metres) at Black Mountain in the

artificial heart: Mechanical hearts: …artificial heart was developed by Carmat, a French company founded by cardiologist Alain Carpentier. The device was covered with a specially designed biosynthetic material to prevent the development of blood clots and to reduce the likelihood of immune rejection—problems associated with the AbioCor and Jarvik-7 artificial hearts. The Carmat heart…

Jupiter: Other satellites: …distant group—made up of Ananke, Carme, Pasiphae, and Sinope— has retrograde orbits around Jupiter. The closer group—Leda, Himalia, Lysithea, and Elara—has prograde orbits. (In the case of these moons, retrograde motion is in the direction opposite to Jupiter’s spin and motion around the Sun,

Carmel, city, Monterey county, western California, U.S. It lies on the Carmel River and Carmel Bay, adjacent to Monterey, at the northern edge of the Big Sur region. The river was named by the Spanish explorer Sebastián Vizcaíno and a group of Carmelite friars in 1602. The nearby Mission San Carlos

Monterey Canyon: …east-west off Moss Landing, and Carmel Canyon to the south. Carmel Canyon, the principal tributary, trends north-northwest to join the main valley at an axial depth of 6,000 feet (1,800 metres). Below its junction with Carmel Canyon the Monterey Canyon trends sinuously southwestward and westward down to an axial depth…

Lisbon: Disaster and reconstruction: …or rebuilt, but the 14th-century Carmel (Carmo) Church was left as it was. Looming from its hilltops over the Baixa, the roofless Gothic shell was converted into an archaeological museum, while its cloister served as the barracks for the National Republican Guard, a paramilitary security force. The Palace of the…

Jurassic Period: North America: …referred to collectively as the Carmel and Sundance seas; the Carmel Sea is older and not as deep as the Sundance. In these epicontinental seaways, marine sandstones, mudstones, limestones, and shales were deposited—some with marine fossils. Fully marine sequences interfinger with terrestrial sediments deposited during times of low sea levels…

Mount Carmel, mountain range, northwestern Israel; the city of Haifa is on its northeastern slope. It divides the Plain of Esdraelon (ʿEmeq Yizreʿel) and the Galilee (east and north) from the coastal Plain of Sharon (south). A northwest–southeast-trending limestone ridge, about 16 miles (26 km)

Carmel, city, Monterey county, western California, U.S. It lies on the Carmel River and Carmel Bay, adjacent to Monterey, at the northern edge of the Big Sur region. The river was named by the Spanish explorer Sebastián Vizcaíno and a group of Carmelite friars in 1602. The nearby Mission San Carlos

Carmelite, Roman Catholic religious order comprising congregations of priests, sisters and brothers, and laypeople who live according to the order’s charism of prayer, community, and service to others. The Carmelites are one of the four great mendicant orders—those orders whose corporate as well as

Dialogues des Carmélites, screenplay by Georges Bernanos, published posthumously in French as a drama in 1949 and translated as The Fearless Heart and The Carmelites. In Dialogues des Carmélites, Bernanos examined the religious themes of innocence, sacrifice, and death. Based on Gertrud von Le

Carmen, novella about Spanish Gypsy life by French author Prosper Mérimée, first published serially in 1845. Georges Bizet’s opera Carmen is based on the story. As a hot-blooded young corporal in the Spanish cavalry stationed near Seville, Don José is ordered to arrest Carmen, a young, flirtatious

Roland Petit: Carmen (1949) was one of Petit’s most popular ballets; the choreography was passionate and erotic, and Jeanmaire became famous for her interpretation of the title role. Le Jeune Homme et la mort (1946; “The Young Man and Death”) and Les Demoiselles de la nuit (1948;…

Carmen, opera in four acts by French composer Georges Bizet—with a libretto in French by Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy—that premiered on March 3, 1875. With a plot based on the 1845 novella of the same name by Prosper Mérimée, Bizet’s Carmen was groundbreaking in its realism, and it rapidly

Carlos Saura: Carmen, based on Prosper Mérimée’s 1845 novella, included musical passages from Georges Bizet’s 1875 opera and fused rehearsal, performance, and a contemporary mirror of Mérimée’s plot; long portions of the film were danced without dialogue. Saura’s later movies included El Dorado (1988); Tango (1998), which…

Commodianus: His Carmen apologeticum (“Song with Narrative”) expounds Christian doctrine, dealing with the Creation, God’s revelation of himself to man, Antichrist, and the end of the world. All but two of his Instructiones—80 poems in two books—are in acrostic form, undoubtedly because the technique was a useful…

St. Gregory of Nazianzus: …poem (commonly referred to as Carmen de se ipso, “Song Concerning One-self ”) and many short poems, mostly on religious subjects. His preserved works include a number of sermons, not improperly called orations, and a large collection of letters. His death is dated according to a statement of St. Jerome.

pattern poetry, verse in which the typography or lines are arranged in an unusual configuration, usually to convey or extend the emotional content of the words. Of ancient (probably Eastern) origin, pattern poems are found in the Greek Anthology, which includes work composed between the 7th century

Billy Rose: …an extravagant circus musical; and Carmen Jones (1943), the musical comedy version of the opera Carmen, with an all-black cast. Rose owned several nightclubs, and his varied career also included astute real estate and stock market investments, art collecting, and highly publicized philanthropy. One of his several marriages was to…

Otto Preminger: Challenges to the Production Code of Otto Preminger: Next was Carmen Jones (1954), a well-mounted modernizing of the Georges Bizet opera, now set in the U.S. South with an all-Black cast that featured Pearl Bailey, Harry Belafonte, and Dorothy Dandridge, who became the first African American to receive an Academy Award nomination for best actress.

Horace: Life: …17 bc he composed the Secular Hymn (Carmen saeculare) for ancient ceremonies called the Secular Games, which Augustus had revived to provide a solemn, religious sanction for the regime and, in particular, for his moral reforms of the previous year. The hymn was written in a lyric metre, Horace having…

Carmen Polo de Franco was a Spanish consort who was thought to be the force behind many of the religious and social strictures imposed on Spain during the repressive regime of her husband, Francisco Franco (1939–75). She was born into a middle-class provincial family and had a strict Roman Catholic

Burton Cummings: Solo stardom: …Cummings provided backup vocals on Eric Carmen’s Boats Against the Current album before releasing his own self-titled album in 1976. The album, on which Cummings adopted a soft-rock, adult-contemporary sound, was produced by Richard Perry, whose credits included recordings by Barbra Streisand, Carly Simon, and Ringo Starr. The lead single,…

pseudoprime: These are known as Carmichael numbers after their discovery in 1909 by American mathematician Robert D. Carmichael.

monkshood: Major species: …‘Sparks variety’ monkshood (Aconitum henryi), Carmichael’s monkshood (A. carmichaelii), and southern blue monkshood (A. uncinatum). All species contain the powerful poison aconitine. The common monkshood, or friar’s cap (A. napellus), native to mountain slopes in Europe and east to the Himalayas, has been the most important source of this drug,…

Philadelphia Eagles: 03 meters] tall) wide receiver Harold Carmichael. This span was highlighted by Philadelphia’s first Super Bowl berth in 1981, though it lost to the Oakland Raiders, 27–10. Before the 1985 season, the Eagles made two significant additions: Randall Cunningham, a fleet-footed quarterback who would set the career record for rushing…

Hoagy Carmichael was an American composer, singer, self-taught pianist, and actor who wrote several of the most highly regarded popular standards in American music. Carmichael’s father was an itinerant electrician, and his mother earned extra money for the family as a pianist for dances and silent

Hoagy Carmichael was an American composer, singer, self-taught pianist, and actor who wrote several of the most highly regarded popular standards in American music. Carmichael’s father was an itinerant electrician, and his mother earned extra money for the family as a pianist for dances and silent

Leonard Carmichael was a U.S. psychologist and educator who, as secretary of the Smithsonian Institution from 1953 to 1964, was responsible for the modernization of the “nation’s attic.” Carmichael received his Ph.D. from Harvard University (1924) and was teacher of psychology at Princeton, Brown,

Stokely Carmichael was a West-Indian-born civil rights activist, leader of Black nationalism in the United States in the 1960s and originator of its rallying slogan, “Black Power.” Carmichael immigrated to New York City in 1952, attended high school in the Bronx, and enrolled at Howard University

Karmiʾel, (Hebrew: “Vineyard of God”), town, northern Israel, in the Valley of Bet Kerem, on the boundary of Upper and Lower Galilee, just off the main east–west highway from ʿAkko (Acre) to Ẕefat (Safed). One of Israel’s development towns, Karmiʾel is the first Jewish town in an area settled

Carmina Burana, cantata for orchestra, chorus, and vocal soloists by the German composer Carl Orff that premiered in 1937 in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Orff drew his text from a 13th-century manuscript containing songs and plays written in Latin and medieval German, which was discovered in 1803 at

Carmina Burana, 13th-century manuscript that contains songs (the Carmina Burana proper) and six religious plays. The contents of the manuscript are attributed to the goliards (q.v.), wandering scholars and students in western Europe during the 10th to the 13th century who were known for their songs

Fescennine verse, early native Italian jocular dialogue in Latin verse. At vintage and harvest, and probably at other rustic festivals, these were sung by masked dancers. They were similar to ribald wedding songs and to the obscene carmina triumphalia sung to victorious generals during their

patristic literature: The schools of Edessa and Nisibis: His Carmina Nisibena (“Songs of Nisibis”) make a valuable sourcebook for historians, especially for information about the frontier wars.

carmine, red or purplish-red pigment obtained from cochineal (q.v.), a red dyestuff extracted from the dried bodies of certain female scale insects native to tropical and subtropical America. Carmine was used extensively for watercolours and fine coach-body colours before the advent of synthetic

Carmona, town, Sevilla provincia (province), in the comunidad autónoma (autonomous community) of Andalusia, southern Spain; it overlooks the Andalusian Plain from its site on a ridge of the Sierra de los Alcores. It originated as Carmo, the strongest town of the Roman province of Hispania Ulterior

Lisbon: Disaster and reconstruction: …or rebuilt, but the 14th-century Carmel (Carmo) Church was left as it was. Looming from its hilltops over the Baixa, the roofless Gothic shell was converted into an archaeological museum, while its cloister served as the barracks for the National Republican Guard, a paramilitary security force. The Palace of the…

Carmen Miranda was a Portuguese-born singer and actress whose alluring and flamboyant image made her internationally famous. Miranda’s family moved to Brazil when she was an infant. In the 1930s she became the most popular recording artist in that country, where she also appeared in five films.

Carmona, town, Sevilla provincia (province), in the comunidad autónoma (autonomous community) of Andalusia, southern Spain; it overlooks the Andalusian Plain from its site on a ridge of the Sierra de los Alcores. It originated as Carmo, the strongest town of the Roman province of Hispania Ulterior