- Cleft, The (novel by Lessing)
Doris Lessing: …1960s, while the parable-like novel The Cleft (2007) considers the origins of human society. Her collection of essays Time Bites (2004) displays her wide-ranging interests, from women’s issues and politics to Sufism. Alfred and Emily (2008) is a mix of fiction and memoir centred on her parents.
- Clegg, Johnny (South African musician)
Johnny Clegg was a South African musician, popularly called the “White Zulu.” His innovative, ethnically integrated musical collaborations in the late 20th century constituted a powerful statement against apartheid, the enforced separation of Black and white peoples and traditions in South Africa.
- Clegg, Nick (British politician)
Nick Clegg is a British politician and corporate executive who served as leader of the Liberal Democrats (2007–15), deputy prime minister of the United Kingdom (2010–15), and vice president of global affairs and communications at Facebook (2018–22). Since February 2022, he has served as president
- Clegg, Sir Nicholas Peter William (British politician)
Nick Clegg is a British politician and corporate executive who served as leader of the Liberal Democrats (2007–15), deputy prime minister of the United Kingdom (2010–15), and vice president of global affairs and communications at Facebook (2018–22). Since February 2022, he has served as president
- Cleghorn, Mildred (Apache dollmaker, teacher, and tribal leader)
Mildred Cleghorn was a dollmaker, teacher, and tribal leader of the Fort Sill Chiricahua Apache (1976–95) who fought for Native American rights. At the time of Cleghorn’s birth, the Apache people had been prisoners of the U.S. government since the surrender of Geronimo in 1886, but, when she was
- Cleghorn, Mildred Imach (Apache dollmaker, teacher, and tribal leader)
Mildred Cleghorn was a dollmaker, teacher, and tribal leader of the Fort Sill Chiricahua Apache (1976–95) who fought for Native American rights. At the time of Cleghorn’s birth, the Apache people had been prisoners of the U.S. government since the surrender of Geronimo in 1886, but, when she was
- Cleghorn, Mildred Imoch (Apache dollmaker, teacher, and tribal leader)
Mildred Cleghorn was a dollmaker, teacher, and tribal leader of the Fort Sill Chiricahua Apache (1976–95) who fought for Native American rights. At the time of Cleghorn’s birth, the Apache people had been prisoners of the U.S. government since the surrender of Geronimo in 1886, but, when she was
- cleidocranial dysostosis (congenital disorder)
cleidocranial dysostosis, rare congenital, hereditary disorder characterized by collarbones that are absent or reduced in size, skull abnormalities, and abnormal dentition. The shoulders may sometimes touch in front of the chest, and certain facial bones are underdeveloped or missing. Cranial
- cleidocranial dysplasia (congenital disorder)
cleidocranial dysostosis, rare congenital, hereditary disorder characterized by collarbones that are absent or reduced in size, skull abnormalities, and abnormal dentition. The shoulders may sometimes touch in front of the chest, and certain facial bones are underdeveloped or missing. Cranial
- Cleirbaut, Gilbert (American religious leader)
Church Universal and Triumphant: …hands of a new president, Gilbert Cleirbaut. Shortly thereafter, Prophet announced that she had Alzheimer’s disease and retired from leadership in 1999.
- Cleisthenes of Athens (Greek statesman)
Cleisthenes of Athens was a statesman regarded as the founder of Athenian democracy, serving as chief archon (highest magistrate) of Athens (525–524). Cleisthenes successfully allied himself with the popular Assembly against the nobles (508) and imposed democratic reform. Perhaps his most important
- Cleisthenes Of Sicyon (tyrant of Sicyon)
Cleisthenes Of Sicyon was a tyrant of the ancient Greek city of Sicyon. He belonged to the non-Dorian family of Orthagoras, who had established the tyranny in Sicyon with the support of the Ionian section of the inhabitants. Cleisthenes emphasized the destruction of Dorian predominance by giving
- Cleistocactus strausii (plant)
torch cactus: …silver, or woolly, torch (Cleistocactus strausii) is endemic to the mountains of Argentina and Bolivia. Its numerous erect columns appear whitish in colour because of their numerous dense spines. The plants bear narrow red flowers along the length of the stems.
- Cleistocactus trollii (plant)
old man cactus: …old lady (Eriosyce senilis); and old man of the mountain (Cleistocactus trollii).
- cleistocarp (fruiting structure of fungi)
ascocarp: …ascocarp (in forms called apothecium, cleistothecium [cleistocarp], or perithecium) contain saclike structures (asci) that usually bear four to eight ascospores. Apothecia are stalked and either disklike, saucer-shaped, or cup-shaped with exposed asci. The largest known apothecium, produced by Geopyxis cacabus, has a stalk 1 metre (40 inches) high and a…
- cleistogamy (botany)
plant reproductive system: Angiosperms: …conspicuous flowers later develop; called cleistogamous flowers, they do not open but are self-pollinated, thus ensuring augmentation of the population during a period less favourable for the usual blossoms.
- Cleistopholis patens (plant)
Magnoliales: Timber: Cleistopholis patens (otu) yields a soft, light wood from western Africa that finds some of the same uses as balsa wood—e.g., in buoys, life rafts, and floats. The fibrous inner bark is of some value for cordage and coarse netting. In South America, balsalike wood is obtained…
- cleistothecium (fruiting structure of fungi)
ascocarp: …ascocarp (in forms called apothecium, cleistothecium [cleistocarp], or perithecium) contain saclike structures (asci) that usually bear four to eight ascospores. Apothecia are stalked and either disklike, saucer-shaped, or cup-shaped with exposed asci. The largest known apothecium, produced by Geopyxis cacabus, has a stalk 1 metre (40 inches) high and a…
- cleithrum (bone)
skeleton: Pectoral girdle: …a vertically placed structure, the cleithrum, which supports the scapula. The cleithrum may be joined by a supracleithrum, which in turn is surmounted by a posttemporal element (i.e., at the rear of the skull). The most ventral of the added dermal bones are the clavicles, which unite below the gill…
- Cleitias (Greek artist)
Kleitias was an Athenian vase painter and potter, one of the most outstanding masters of the Archaic period, the artist of the decorations on the François Vase. This vase, a volute krater painted in the black-figure style, is among the greatest treasures of Greek art. Dating from c. 570 bce, it was
- Cleitomachus (Greek philosopher)
Cleitomachus was a Greek philosopher, originally from Carthage, who was head of the New Academy of Athens from 127/126 bc. He characterized the wise man as one who suspends judgment about the objectivity of man’s knowledge. He was the pupil and literary exponent of Carneades and asserted, against
- Cleitus (Macedonian general)
Alexander the Great: Campaign eastward to Central Asia: …friend, Hephaestion, the other by Cleitus, an older man. From Phrada, Alexander pressed on during the winter of 330–329 up the valley of the Helmand River, through Arachosia, and over the mountains past the site of modern Kābul into the country of the Paropamisadae, where he founded Alexandria by the…
- Cleland, James (British author)
James Cleland was an English author whose 1607 book, The Institution of a Young Nobleman, advocated an all-round rather than strictly classical education. Little is known of Cleland’s life except that he was a Scotsman living in England. The book was published at Oxford, but he was apparently
- Cleland, John (British author)
John Cleland was an English novelist, known as the author of the notorious Fanny Hill; or, Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure. After serving as a consul at Smyrna and later as an agent of the British East India Company in Bombay, Cleland became a penniless wanderer who drifted from place to place and
- Clelia (work by Scudéry)
French literature: The heroic ideal: Clelia), both by Madeleine de Scudéry, are set in Persia and Rome, respectively. Such novels reflect the society of the time. They also show again what influenced the readers and playgoers of the Classical age: the minute analysis of the passions, when divorced from the…
- Clelia clelia (snake)
mussurana, tropical American rear-fanged snake of the family Colubridae. The mussurana preys on both rodents, which it kills with its venom, and on other snakes, which it kills by constriction. It is largely immune to the venom of members of the genus Bothrops (fer-de-lance and allies), its chief
- Clélie (work by Scudéry)
French literature: The heroic ideal: Clelia), both by Madeleine de Scudéry, are set in Persia and Rome, respectively. Such novels reflect the society of the time. They also show again what influenced the readers and playgoers of the Classical age: the minute analysis of the passions, when divorced from the…
- Clematis (plant genus)
Clematis, genus of perennial, chiefly climbing shrubs of the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae) with about 370 species distributed over most of the world, especially in Asia and North America. Many species are cultivated in North America for their attractive flowers. The flowers may be solitary or in
- Clematis cirrhosa (plant)
angiosperm: The calyx: …petals are missing—for example, the virgin’s bower (Clematis; Ranunculaceae) and the Bougainvillea. Petaloid sepals in this case differ from tepals because the first group of stamens are on the same radii as the sepals, indicating the absence of the petals, which would normally be positioned on alternating radii in the…
- Clematis fremontii (plant)
population ecology: Metapopulations: …distribution of the perennial herb Clematis fremontii variety Riehlii in Missouri shows the metapopulation structure for this plant over an area of 1,129 square km (436 square miles). There is, therefore, a hierarchy of population structure from local populations to metapopulations to broader geographic groups of populations and eventually up…
- Clemence, Gerald M. (American astronomer)
time: Ephemeris Time: astronomer Gerald M. Clemence in 1948 derived the equations needed to define a dynamical scale numerically and to convert measurements of the Moon’s position into time values. The fundamental definition was based on the Earth’s orbital motion as given by Newcomb’s tables of the Sun of…
- Clemenceau, Benjamin (French philosopher)
Georges Clemenceau: Early life: …but it was his father, Benjamin, a Voltairean, positivist, and admirer of the Revolution of 1789, who shaped him and remained his model. Through his father he met men who were plotting to overthrow the emperor Napoleon III and came to know the historian Jules Michelet, who was being hunted…
- Clemenceau, Georges (prime minister of France)
Georges Clemenceau was a statesman and journalist who was a dominant figure in the French Third Republic and, as premier (1917–20), a major contributor to the Allied victory in World War I and a framer of the postwar Treaty of Versailles. Clemenceau was born in Vendée, a coastal département of
- Clemens Alexandrinus (Christian theologian)
St. Clement of Alexandria ; Western feast day November 23; Eastern feast day November 24) was a Christian Apologist, missionary theologian to the Hellenistic (Greek cultural) world, and the second known leader and teacher of the catechetical School of Alexandria. The most important of his surviving
- Clemens Brentanos Frühlingskranz (work by Arnim)
Bettina von Arnim: …her brother Clemens Brentano (Clemens Brentanos Frühlingskranz, 1844; “Clemens Brentano’s Spring Garland”). The result of her editing is a peculiar blend of documentation and fiction, written in a brilliantly vivid, uninhibited style. Her mother, Maximiliane, née von La Roche, and Goethe had been friends before and after Maximiliane’s marriage;…
- Clemens non Papa (Flemish composer)
Jacobus Clemens was a composer famous for his sacred music, who was a leader in the Flemish, or Netherlands, style that dominated Renaissance music. He called himself Clemens non Papa to avoid confusion with a contemporary priest and poet. In 1544 he was probationary choirmaster of Saint-Donatien
- Clemens Romanus (pope)
St. Clement I ; feast day November 23) was the fourth pope, the leader of the Roman Catholic Church, from 88 to 97 or from 92 to 101, making him the supposed third successor of St. Peter the Apostle. (In Catholic tradition, Peter was the first pope, and his ministry was passed on to his successors
- Clemens, Jacobus (Flemish composer)
Jacobus Clemens was a composer famous for his sacred music, who was a leader in the Flemish, or Netherlands, style that dominated Renaissance music. He called himself Clemens non Papa to avoid confusion with a contemporary priest and poet. In 1544 he was probationary choirmaster of Saint-Donatien
- Clemens, Orion (American publisher)
Mark Twain: The newspaper trade: …1850 the oldest Clemens boy, Orion, returned from St. Louis, Missouri, and began to publish a weekly newspaper. A year later he bought the Hannibal Journal, and Sam and his younger brother Henry worked for him. Sam became more than competent as a typesetter, but he also occasionally contributed sketches…
- Clemens, Roger (American baseball player)
Roger Clemens is an American professional baseball player who was one of the most successful power pitchers in history, thus earning his nickname, “Rocket.” He was the first pitcher to win the Cy Young Award seven times. Clemens was raised in Texas and played college baseball for the University of
- Clemens, Samuel L. (American writer)
Mark Twain was an American humorist, journalist, lecturer, and novelist who acquired international fame for his travel narratives, especially The Innocents Abroad (1869), Roughing It (1872), and Life on the Mississippi (1883), and for his adventure stories of boyhood, especially The Adventures of
- Clemens, Samuel Langhorne (American writer)
Mark Twain was an American humorist, journalist, lecturer, and novelist who acquired international fame for his travel narratives, especially The Innocents Abroad (1869), Roughing It (1872), and Life on the Mississippi (1883), and for his adventure stories of boyhood, especially The Adventures of
- Clemens, William Roger (American baseball player)
Roger Clemens is an American professional baseball player who was one of the most successful power pitchers in history, thus earning his nickname, “Rocket.” He was the first pitcher to win the Cy Young Award seven times. Clemens was raised in Texas and played college baseball for the University of
- Clement (antipope)
Clement (VIII) was an antipope from 1423 to 1429. Sánchez was chosen to succeed Antipope Benedict XIII. Refusing to recognize the Roman pope Martin V during the Western Schism, Benedict created his own cardinals, who, through the influence of King Alfonso V of Aragon, chose Sánchez at the castle of
- Clement (antipope)
Clement (III) was an antipope from 1080 to 1100. Of noble birth, Guibert served at the German court (c. 1054–55) and became imperial chancellor for Italy (1058–63). As such he supported the election of Bishop Peter Cadalus of Parma as antipope Honorius II (1061). His appointment by Henry IV of
- Clement (antipope)
Clement (VII) was the first antipope (1378–94) of the Western (Great) Schism that troubled the Roman Catholic church for 40 years. After serving as bishop of Thérouanne, county of Artois, from 1361, he became archbishop of Cambrai, in the Low Countries, in 1368 and cardinal in 1371. As papal legate
- Clément Bayard v. Coquerel (law case)
air law: Private rights: In one celebrated case, Clément Bayard v. Coquerel (1913), the Court of Compiègne, lending judicial authority for the first time to the theory of abuse of rights, awarded damages to a plaintiff whose balloon had been destroyed by “spite structures” erected by the defendant on his own land and…
- Clement I, St (pope)
St. Clement I ; feast day November 23) was the fourth pope, the leader of the Roman Catholic Church, from 88 to 97 or from 92 to 101, making him the supposed third successor of St. Peter the Apostle. (In Catholic tradition, Peter was the first pope, and his ministry was passed on to his successors
- Clement II (pope)
Clement II was the pope from 1046 to 1047. Of noble birth, he was bishop of Bamberg, in Germany, when in 1046 he accompanied the German king Henry III on an expedition to Italy, where Henry found three rival popes (Sylvester III, Benedict IX, and Gregory VI), supported by rival Roman families,
- Clement III (pope)
Clement III was the pope from 1187 to 1191. He was cardinal bishop of Palestrina when elected pope on Dec. 19, 1187. In October 1187 Jerusalem fell to Saladin, the leader of the Muslim armies, and Clement called the Western princes to undertake the Third Crusade, the results of which were
- Clement IV (pope)
Clement IV was the pope from 1265 to 1268. An eminent jurist serving King St. Louis IX of France, Guido was ordained priest when his wife died c. 1256. He subsequently became bishop of Le Puy in 1257, archbishop of Narbonne in 1259, and cardinal in 1261. While on a diplomatic mission to England, he
- Clement IX (pope)
Clement IX was the pope from 1667 to 1669. Rospigliosi served as papal ambassador to Spain from 1644 to 1653 and cardinal and secretary of state under Pope Alexander VII. He was elected pope on June 20, 1667, and consecrated as Clement IX six days later. His reign was dominated by his efforts to
- Clement IX, Peace of (Roman Catholicism)
Clement IX: …in an agreement called the Peace of Clement IX (January 1669), which suspended persecution of the Jansenists. He was further troubled, however, by Louis’s principles of Gallicanism, a particularly French ecclesiastical doctrine advocating restriction of papal power. Furthermore, Louis refused Clement’s plea for aid to Crete, which then belonged to…
- Clement of Alexandria, St. (Christian theologian)
St. Clement of Alexandria ; Western feast day November 23; Eastern feast day November 24) was a Christian Apologist, missionary theologian to the Hellenistic (Greek cultural) world, and the second known leader and teacher of the catechetical School of Alexandria. The most important of his surviving
- Clement of Ohrid, Saint (Christian saint)
Boris I: …886 he gave asylum to Clement, Nahum, and Angelarius, the disciples of Cyril and Methodius, missionaries to the Slavs, who had been driven out of Moravia. With Boris’s active assistance and material support, these disciples founded centres of Slavic learning at Pliska, Preslav, and Ohrid. As a result of the…
- Clement of Rome (pope)
St. Clement I ; feast day November 23) was the fourth pope, the leader of the Roman Catholic Church, from 88 to 97 or from 92 to 101, making him the supposed third successor of St. Peter the Apostle. (In Catholic tradition, Peter was the first pope, and his ministry was passed on to his successors
- Clement V (pope)
Clement V was the pope from 1305 to 1314 who, in choosing Avignon, France, for the papal residence—where it flourished until 1377—became the first of the Avignonese popes. Bishop of Comminges from March 1295, he became archbishop of Bordeaux in 1299. He was elected pope through the manipulation of
- Clement VI (pope)
Clement VI was the pope from 1342 to 1352. Abbot of the Benedictine monasteries at Fécamp and La Chaise-Dieu, France, he became archbishop of Sens in 1329 and of Rouen in 1330. He was made cardinal in 1338 by Pope Benedict XII, whom he succeeded, being consecrated at Avignon on May 19, 1342. His
- Clement VII (pope)
Clement VII was the pope from 1523 to 1534. An illegitimate son of Giuliano de’ Medici (not to be confused with Giuliano de’ Medici, duc de Nemours, his cousin), he was reared by his uncle Lorenzo the Magnificent. He was made archbishop of Florence and cardinal in 1513 by his cousin Pope Leo X,
- Clement VIII (pope)
Clement VIII was the pope from 1592 to 1605, the last pontiff to serve during the Counter-Reformation. The holder of numerous church offices, he was made cardinal in 1585 by Pope Sixtus V and elected pope as Clement VIII on Jan. 30, 1592. Between 1562 and 1598, France was afflicted with civil wars
- Clement X (pope)
Clement X was the pope from 1670 to 1676. Of noble birth, Altieri was in the service of the papal embassy in Poland from 1623 to 1627, when he returned to Italy to become bishop of Camerino. Until his appointment as cardinal by Pope Clement IX in 1669, he held numerous church offices, including
- Clement XI (pope)
Clement XI was the pope from 1700 to 1721. Of noble birth, Albani received an impressive education in the classics, theology, and canon law, after which he successively became governor of the Italian cities of Rieti and Orvieto. Pope Alexander VIII made him cardinal deacon in 1690, and he was
- Clement XII (pope)
Clement XII was the pope from 1730 to 1740. A member of the influential Florentine princely family of Corsini, he became papal ambassador to Vienna in 1691, cardinal deacon in 1706, and pope on July 12, 1730. Despite ill health and total blindness (from 1732), he sought to halt the decline of papal
- Clement XIII (pope)
Clement XIII was the pope from 1758 to 1769. In 1716 Rezzonico, who had studied under the Jesuits in Bologna, was ordained and appointed governor of Rieti, in the Papal States, becoming governor of Fano in 1721. He then served numerous church offices and was made cardinal by Pope Clement XII in
- Clement XIV (pope)
Clement XIV was the pope from 1769 to 1774. Educated by the Jesuits at Rimini, he joined the Conventual Franciscans at Mondaino, taking the religious name of Lorenzo. After holding various academic offices, he was made cardinal in 1759 by Pope Clement XIII because he was supposed to be friendly
- Clement, First Letter of (work by Clement I)
First Letter of Clement, a letter to the Christian church in Corinth from the church of Rome, traditionally ascribed to and almost certainly written by St. Clement I of Rome circa 96 ce. An important piece of patristic literature by an Apostolic Father, it is extant in a 2nd-century Latin
- Clement, Jacobus (Flemish composer)
Jacobus Clemens was a composer famous for his sacred music, who was a leader in the Flemish, or Netherlands, style that dominated Renaissance music. He called himself Clemens non Papa to avoid confusion with a contemporary priest and poet. In 1544 he was probationary choirmaster of Saint-Donatien
- Clément, Jacques (French friar)
Henry III: 1, 1589, Jacques Clément, a fanatical Jacobin friar, gained admission to the king’s presence and stabbed him. Before he died, Henry, who left no issue, acknowledged Henry of Navarre as his heir.
- Clement, Jemaine (New Zealand actor and musician)
Taika Waititi: Early life and education: …later he and ensemble member Jemaine Clement formed the duo The Humourbeasts. In 2002 Waititi was a cast member of the TV series The Strip, and during this time he created short comic films. Waititi’s other artistic endeavors included painting.
- Clement, Joseph (British engineer)
Joseph Clement was a British engineer who has been called the “first computer engineer” for his work on inventor Charles Babbage’s Difference Engine. Born into a weaver’s family, Clement learned metalworking skills and drawing and was soon building power looms in Aberdeen, where he designed his
- Clement, Second Letter of (work by Clement I)
Clementine literature: …writings include: (1) the so-called Second Letter of Clement (II Clement), which is not a letter but a sermon and was probably written in Rome about 140; (2) two letters on virginity, perhaps the work of St. Athanasius (died c. 373), bishop of Alexandria; (3) the Homilies and Recognitions, along…
- Clément-Desormes, Nicolas (French industrialist)
Sadi Carnot: …prominent physicist and successful industrialist Nicolas Clément-Desormes, whose theories he further clarified by his insight and ability to generalize.
- Clemente, Bob (American baseball player)
Roberto Clemente was a professional baseball player who was an idol in his native Puerto Rico and one of the first Latin American baseball stars in the United States (see also Sidebar: Latin Americans in Major League Baseball). Clemente was originally signed to a professional contract by the
- Clemente, Francesco (Italian artist)
Francesco Clemente is an Italian painter and draftsman whose dramatic figural imagery was a major component in the revitalization of Italian art beginning in the 1980s. Clemente moved to Rome in 1970 to study architecture at the University of Rome and soon started working as a visual artist. His
- Clemente, Roberto (American baseball player)
Roberto Clemente was a professional baseball player who was an idol in his native Puerto Rico and one of the first Latin American baseball stars in the United States (see also Sidebar: Latin Americans in Major League Baseball). Clemente was originally signed to a professional contract by the
- Clementi, Mutius Philippus Vincentius Franciscus Xaverius (Italian-born British composer and pianist)
Muzio Clementi was an Italian-born British pianist and composer whose studies and sonatas developed the techniques of the early piano to such an extent that he was called “the father of the piano.” A youthful prodigy, Clementi was appointed an organist at 9 and at 12 had composed an oratorio. In
- Clementi, Muzio (Italian-born British composer and pianist)
Muzio Clementi was an Italian-born British pianist and composer whose studies and sonatas developed the techniques of the early piano to such an extent that he was called “the father of the piano.” A youthful prodigy, Clementi was appointed an organist at 9 and at 12 had composed an oratorio. In
- Clementia (Roman goddess)
Clementia, in Roman religion, personification of mercy and clemency. Her worship began with her deification as the celebrated virtue of Julius Caesar. The Senate in 44 bc decreed a temple to Caesar and Clementia, in which the cult statue represented the two figures clasping hands. Tiberius was
- Clementinae (work by Clement V)
Clement V: …to canon law in the Clementinae, a collection of his decretals and those of the Council of Vienne later promulgated by his successor, Pope John XXII, in 1317. He made the school at Perugia a university and created chairs of Asiatic languages at Paris, France; Bologna, Italy; Oxford, England; and…
- Clementine (spacecraft)
Clementine, robotic U.S. spacecraft that orbited and observed all regions of the Moon over a two-month period in 1994 for purposes of scientific research and in-space testing of equipment developed primarily for national defense. It carried out geologic mapping in greater detail than any previous
- Clementine (work by Lewald)
Fanny Lewald: The novels Clementine (1842) and Jenny (1843) describe circumscribed lives built around family virtues. Die Familie Darner, 3 vol. (1888; “The Darner Family”), and Von Geschlecht zu Geschlecht, 8 vol. (1863–65; “From Generation to Generation”), are realistic novels about the lives of family members over several generations.…
- Clementine literature (patristic literature)
Clementine literature, diversified group of apocryphal writings that at various times were attributed to St. Clement I, bishop of Rome near the end of the 1st century. The writings include: (1) the so-called Second Letter of Clement (II Clement), which is not a letter but a sermon and was probably
- Clementine Vulgate (sacred text)
Vulgate: The so-called Clementine Vulgate, issued by Pope Clement VIII in 1592, became the authoritative biblical text of the Roman Catholic Church. On the basis of that text—together with Richard Challoner’s revision (1749–52) of the Douai-Reims English translation of the Vulgate—Catholic scholars produced the English-language Confraternity Version of…
- Clementis, Vladimír (Slovak politician)
Vladimír Clementis was a Slovak lawyer, political journalist, and communist politician. In 1942 Clementis was appointed by President Edvard Beneš to the Czechoslovak National Council in exile (headquartered in London). After the liberation of Czechoslovakia from the Germans at the end of World War
- Clements, Bill (American politician)
Karl Rove: …the successful gubernatorial campaign of Bill Clements, the first Republican to be elected to the state’s highest office since Reconstruction (1865–77). Rove formed his own consulting business in 1981, with a list of clients that included Phil Gramm, elected to the U.S. Senate in 1984, and Tom Phillips, who in…
- Clements, Frederic Edward (American botanist, taxonomist, and ecologist)
Frederic Edward Clements was an American botanist, taxonomist, and ecologist who influenced the early study of plant communities, particularly the process of plant succession. Clements was educated at the University of Nebraska, where he studied under the influential American botanist Charles E.
- Clements, John (British actor)
The Four Feathers: Harry Faversham (played by John Clements), a young British army officer, is descended from a line of military heroes. However, he resigns his commission rather than ship out with his comrades to avenge the death and beheading of the legendary general Charles George Gordon, killed during the Sudanese rebellion…
- Clements, Margaret Elizabeth (Australian activist)
Margaret Tucker was an Australian activist who fought for the civil rights of Aboriginal people. Tucker was the first Aboriginal woman to be appointed to the Victorian Aborigines Welfare Board and to join Australia’s Ministry of Aboriginal Affairs. Margaret Elizabeth Clements’s Aboriginal name was
- clemenza di Tito, La (opera by Mozart)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: The last year of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: …some of the Prague opera, La clemenza di Tito (“The Clemency of Titus”), before he left for the Bohemian capital near the end of August. Pressure of work, however, was such that he took with him to Prague, along with Constanze, his pupil Franz Xaver Süssmayr, who almost certainly composed…
- Clemmensen reduction (chemical reaction)
aldehyde: Oxidation-reduction reactions: …Zn(Hg), and hydrochloric acid (the Clemmensen reaction) removes the oxygen entirely and gives a hydrocarbon (RCHO → RCH3).
- Clemmys (turtle genus)
Clemmys, genus of small, terrestrial or semi-aquatic turtles in the family Emydidae. The genus contains four species, all restricted to North America. Earlier classifications included several European and Asian species that are now placed in the genus Mauremys. Clemmys females lay fewer than a
- Clemmys guttata (reptile)
spotted turtle, (Clemmys guttata), small freshwater turtle (family Emydidae) found from southern Canada to the southern and central United States. The spotted turtle has a shell about 10 centimetres (4 inches) long. The upper shell is smooth, with round, bright-yellow or orange spots on a brown
- Clemmys insculpta (reptile)
wood turtle, (Clemmys insculpta), a woodland streamside turtle of the family Emydidae, found from Nova Scotia through the northeastern and north-central United States. The rough upper shell of the wood turtle is about 15–20 cm (6–8 inches) long and bears concentrically grooved pyramids on each of
- Clemmys marmorata (reptile)
pond turtle: …best known are emydids: the Pacific, or western, pond turtle (Clemmys marmorata) and the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis).
- Clemmys muhlenbergi (reptile)
turtle: Habitats: In contrast, the North American bog turtle (Clemmys muhlenbergi) lives in isolation, each bog containing only a dozen or fewer adults. The Aldabra giant tortoise (Geochelone gigantea) of the Indian Ocean has received modest protection, and, as a result, it has attained a total population of more than…
- Clemo, Jack (British poet)
Jack Clemo was an English poet and author whose physical sufferings—he became deaf about 1936 and blind in 1955—influenced his work. Clemo’s formal education ended when he was 13. The son of a Cornish clay-kiln worker (d. 1917), he was raised by his mother, a dogmatic Nonconformist. His early poems
- Clemo, Reginald John (British poet)
Jack Clemo was an English poet and author whose physical sufferings—he became deaf about 1936 and blind in 1955—influenced his work. Clemo’s formal education ended when he was 13. The son of a Cornish clay-kiln worker (d. 1917), he was raised by his mother, a dogmatic Nonconformist. His early poems
- Clemson Agricultural College (university, Clemson, South Carolina, United States)
Clemson University, public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Clemson, South Carolina, U.S. A land-grant university, Clemson offers a curriculum in business, architecture, engineering, agriculture, education, nursing, forestry, arts, and sciences. Both undergraduate and graduate
- Clemson University (university, Clemson, South Carolina, United States)
Clemson University, public, coeducational institution of higher learning in Clemson, South Carolina, U.S. A land-grant university, Clemson offers a curriculum in business, architecture, engineering, agriculture, education, nursing, forestry, arts, and sciences. Both undergraduate and graduate
- Clemson, Thomas Green (American philanthropist)
Clemson University: Upon his death in 1888, Thomas Green Clemson donated land and money to establish an agricultural college in South Carolina. The land was Fort Hill, the former estate of Clemson’s father-in-law, statesman John C. Calhoun. The state established the Clemson Agricultural College the following year, and instruction began in 1893.…