filariasis: Types of filariasis: … is commonly used to designate Bancroftian filariasis, caused by Wuchereria bancrofti, organisms that are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world and are transmitted to humans by mosquitoes, usually Culex quinquefasciatus (see also Culex mosquito). The nematode lives principally in the

band, in anthropology, a notional type of human social organization consisting of a small number of people (usually no more than 30 to 50 persons in all) who form a fluid, egalitarian community and cooperate in activities such as subsistence, security, ritual, and care for children and elders. The

ruff, in dresswear, crimped or pleated collar or frill, usually wide and full, worn in Europe, especially from the mid-16th century into the 17th century, by both men and women. The beginnings of the ruff can be seen in the early years of the 16th century, when men allowed the top of the shirt to

band, (from Middle French bande, “troop”), in music, an ensemble of musicians playing chiefly woodwind, brass, and percussion instruments, in contradistinction to an orchestra, which contains stringed instruments. Apart from this specific designation, the word band has wide vernacular application,

Carboniferous Period: Pennsylvanian subsystem: …intervals, and marine horizons, called bands, are named either for their characteristic fossil occurrence (i.e., Listeri Marine Band) or for a geographic locality (i.e., Sutton Marine Band). This process is followed in most areas outside North America. Major Pennsylvanian coal fields occur throughout Europe, especially in the central Pennines (Lancashire…

fascia, In architecture, a continuous flat band or molding parallel to the surface that it ornaments and either projecting from or slightly receding into it, as in the face of a Classical Greek or Roman entablature. Today the term refers to any flat, continuous band, such as that adjacent and

blood group: Chemistry of the blood group substances: An abundant glycoprotein, band 3, is a site of ABO(H) antigens. Another integral membrane glycoprotein, glycophorin A, contains large numbers of sialic acid molecules and MN blood group structures; another, glycophorin B, contains Ss and U antigens.

Bob Geldof: Band Aid: …was marketed under the name Band Aid. It was the number-one Christmas hit that year and the best-selling British pop single for nearly 15 years. More than three million copies were sold, with £0.96 (just over $1 in 2023) from each being donated to charity and all royalties going to…

belt drive, in machinery, a pair of pulleys attached to usually parallel shafts and connected by an encircling flexible belt (band) that can serve to transmit and modify rotary motion from one shaft to the other. Most belt drives consist of flat leather, rubber, or fabric belts running on

band gap, in solid-state physics, a range of energy levels within a given crystal that are impossible for an electron to possess. Generally, a material will have several band gaps throughout its band structure (the continuum of allowed and forbidden electron energy levels), with large band gaps

saw: The vertical bandsaw blade is an endless narrow metal strip, with teeth along one edge, that runs around two large motorized pulleys or wheels that are mounted on a frame so that one is directly above the other. The blade passes through the table on which the…

Raoul Walsh: Last films: In Band of Angels (1957) Gable and Walsh teamed again in a compromised version of Robert Penn Warren’s novel about the antebellum south. Dubbed “The Ghost of Gone with the Wind,” the film was a box-office failure. Walsh tackled his most-daunting literary source with The Naked…

Ron Livingston: Band of Brothers, Sex and the City, and The Conjuring: … in the acclaimed HBO miniseries Band of Brothers, the account of a U.S. Army company during World War II; Livingston played Lewis Nixon. He was also cast as a district attorney in the sixth season (2001–02) of The Practice, a popular legal drama created by David E. Kelley. In 2002…

History of film: France: …1963; Bande à part [Band of Outsiders], 1964; Une Femme mariée [A Married Woman], 1964). With Masculin féminin (1966), Godard turned from narrative to cinema verité-style essay, and his later films became increasingly ideological and structurally random (Made in U.S.A., 1966; Deux ou trois choses que je sais d’elle…

saw: The vertical bandsaw blade is an endless narrow metal strip, with teeth along one edge, that runs around two large motorized pulleys or wheels that are mounted on a frame so that one is directly above the other. The blade passes through the table on which the…

spectrum: Band spectra is the name given to groups of lines so closely spaced that each group appears to be a band—e.g., nitrogen spectrum. Band spectra, or molecular spectra, are produced by molecules radiating their rotational or vibrational energies, or both simultaneously.

band theory, in solid-state physics, theoretical model describing the states of electrons, in solid materials, that can have values of energy only within certain specific ranges. The behaviour of an electron in a solid (and hence its energy) is related to the behaviour of all other particles around

Fred Astaire: Later musicals: Easter Parade, Royal Wedding, and The Band Wagon: …films during this period was The Band Wagon (1953), often cited as one of the greatest of film musicals; it featured Astaire’s memorable duet with Cyd Charisse to the song “Dancing in the Dark.”

Tony Shalhoub: …for his work (2017–18) in The Band’s Visit, a musical about an Egyptian police band stranded in an Israeli desert village.

the Band: The Band: Yet it was The Band (1969) that really defined the group’s grainy character. Recorded in a makeshift studio in Los Angeles in early 1969, the album was a timeless distillation of American experience from the Civil War to the 1960s.

the Band, was a Canadian-American band that began as the backing group for both Ronnie Hawkins and Bob Dylan and branched out on its own in 1968. The Band’s pioneering blend of traditional country, folk, old-time string band, blues, and rock music brought them critical acclaim in the late 1960s and

Buyid dynasty: …works, building hospitals and the Band-e amīr (Emir’s Dam) across the Kūr River near Shīrāz; it had relations with the Samanids, Ḥamdānids, Byzantines, and Fatimids; and it patronized artists, notably the poets al-Mutanabbī and Ferdowsī. The Shiʿi nature of the state was manifest in the inauguration of popular and passionate…

Shāpūr I: …from that time as the Band-e Qeyṣar, Dam of Caesar.

band-pass filter, arrangement of electronic components that allows only those electric waves lying within a certain range, or band, of frequencies to pass and blocks all others. The components may be conventional coils and capacitors, or the arrangement may be made up of freely vibrating

short-horned grasshopper: Major genera and species: The band-winged grasshoppers, subfamily Oedipodinae, produce a crackling noise during flight. When they are not in flight, their conspicuous, brightly colored hind wings are covered by their forewings, which blend into surrounding vegetation. The band-winged grasshoppers are the only type of short-horned grasshoppers that can produce…

Banda, a people of the Central African Republic, some of whom also live in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Cameroon and possibly in Sudan. The Banda speak a language of the Adamawa-Ubangi subgroup of the Niger-Congo language family that is related to that of their Gbaya and Ngbandi

Banda, city, southern Uttar Pradesh state, northern India. It is located near the Ken River (a tributary of the Yamuna River). Banda is an agricultural marketplace and lies at a road junction on a major rail line. The city’s trade has declined, however, and the road leading southward is no longer

Latin American dance: Mexico: Banda (literally, “band”), for example, is considered a strictly Mexican genre. The music makes reference to a synthesis of traditional dance rhythms (e.g., polka, cumbia, son, and waltz) that have been imaginatively transformed by the use of electronic recording technology and a hyperactive performance style.…

western Africa: The wider influence of the Sudanic kingdoms: …emerged such as Bono and Banda, both of which were probably in existence by about 1400. As the economic value of gold and kola became appreciated, the forest to the south of these states—which had hitherto been little inhabited because it was less favourable for agriculture than were the savannas—became…

Banda Aceh, kota (city), capital of the autonomous Aceh daerah istimewa (special district; with provincial status), Indonesia. It is located on the Aceh River at the northwestern tip of the island of Sumatra, facing the Andaman Sea. Banda Aceh is known as the “doorway to Mecca,” for historically it

Banda Islands: …miles (44 square km), is Great Banda (Banda Besar) Island. An inland sea, formed by three of the group, provides an outstanding harbour; the coral gardens beneath the sea are virtually unrivaled. Great Banda has coral rock to a height of 400 feet (120 metres), with lava and basalt up…

Banda Islands, island group, Maluku propinsi (province), Indonesia. The islands lie in the Banda Sea, southeast of Ambon Island and south of Ceram. The largest of the nine islands, which have a total land area of 17 square miles (44 square km), is Great Banda (Banda Besar) Island. An inland sea,

Argentina: Dominance of Buenos Aires: …nothing was done about the Banda Oriental (the east bank of the Uruguay River), which was occupied first by Portuguese and then by Brazilian troops. By 1824 both problems were becoming urgent. Britain was willing to recognize Argentine independence, but only if Argentina established a government that could act for…

Banda Sea, portion of the western South Pacific Ocean, bounded by the southern islands of the Moluccas of Indonesia (Alor, Timor, Wetar, Babar, Tanimbar, and Kai on the south and Ceram, Buru, and Sula on the north). It occupies a total of 180,000 square miles (470,000 square km) and opens to the

Banda Singh Bahadur was the first Sikh military leader to wage an offensive war against the Mughal rulers of India, thereby temporarily extending Sikh territory. As a youth, he decided to be a samana (ascetic), and until 1708, when he became a disciple of Guru Gobind Singh, he was known as Madho

Hastings Kamuzu Banda was the first president of Malawi (formerly Nyasaland) and the principal leader of the Malawi nationalist movement. He governed Malawi from 1963 to 1994, combining totalitarian political controls with conservative economic policies. Banda’s birthday was officially given as May

Joyce Banda is a Malawian politician who served as vice president (2009–12) and president (2012–14) of Malawi. She was the first woman to serve as head of state anywhere in Southern Africa. Banda obtained a bachelor’s degree from Atlantic International University, an online university based in the

Banda Sea, portion of the western South Pacific Ocean, bounded by the southern islands of the Moluccas of Indonesia (Alor, Timor, Wetar, Babar, Tanimbar, and Kai on the south and Ceram, Buru, and Sula on the north). It occupies a total of 180,000 square miles (470,000 square km) and opens to the

Joyce Banda: Education and business career: …did her subsequent marriage to Richard Banda, a barrister would who would later serve as chief justice of Malawi (1992–2002) and whom she credited as being supportive of her efforts. Before focusing on politics, Joyce Banda founded and directed various businesses and organizations, including a garment-manufacturing business, a bakery, the…

Zambia: Zambia in the 21st century: …in the interim, Vice President Rupiah Banda (also of the MMD) served as acting president. The election, held on October 30, was contested by four candidates, including Banda and Sata. Banda won, although by only a narrow margin, and Sata, who finished a close second, alleged that the vote had…

Mumbai: Transportation of Mumbai: …the road network are the Banda-Worli Sea Link (opened 2009), which bridges Mahim Bay on the west side of the city, and a new expressway between eastern Mumbai and Navi Mumbai (opened 2014) that supersedes the earlier Thana Creek bridge.

Sikhism: The 18th and 19th centuries: …accepted these changes were called Bandai Sikhs, while those opposed to them—led by Mata Sundari, one of Guru Gobind Singh’s widows—called themselves the Tat Khalsa (the “True” Khalsa or “Pure” Khalsa), which should not be confused with the Tat Khalsa segment of the Singh Sabha, discussed below.

Skien: The Bandak Canal (also known as the Telemark Canal) is Norway’s longest; completed in 1892, it runs 65 miles (105 km) between Skien and Dalen in western Telemark. The Regional Museum of Telemark and Grenland is also located there. Skien was the birthplace of the playwright…

Ituri Forest: The village-living agriculturalists: …including the Bila, Budu, and Ndaka, speak one of the numerous Bantu languages spoken in sub-Saharan Africa, but others, such as the Mamvu and Lese, speak tonal Central Sudanic dialects. In general, the agriculturalists live in small villages with 10 to 150 residents, all members of the same patriclan. Houses…

yo-yo, a toy that falls and rises back to the hand by the unwinding and rewinding of a string attached to an axle that connects two disks of equal size and weight. The disks can be made of plastic, wood, or metal. As a person drops the yo-yo, the string that is wound around the axle releases. When

Bandama River, longest and, commercially, most important river in Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast); with its major tributaries, the Red Bandama (Marahoué) and the Nzi, it drains half of the surface area of the country. It rises as the White Bandama in the northern highlands and flows southward for 497

saga: Sagas of Icelanders: …for a short story) and Bandamanna saga (“The Confederates’ Saga”) satirize chieftains who fail in their duty to guard the integrity of the law and try to turn other people’s mistakes into profit for themselves. The central plot in Laxdæla saga is a love triangle in which the jealous heroine…

Bandar Abbas, port city on the Strait of Hormuz and Iran’s premier maritime gateway. It also serves as the capital of Hormozgān province. It lies on the northern shore of Hormuz Bay opposite the islands of Qeshm, Lārak, and Hormuz. The summer climate is oppressively hot and humid, and many

Bandar Lampung, kota (city), capital of Lampung propinsi (or provinsi; province), Indonesia. It lies at the head of Lampung Bay on the south coast of the island of Sumatra. Bandar Lampung was created in the 1980s from the amalgamation of the former provincial capital, Tanjungkarang, with the port

Muar, town and port on the southwestern coast of Peninsular (West) Malaysia. It lies along the strait of Malacca, at the mouth of the Muar River. An old town, it was occupied by the end of the 14th century ad by Parameswara, founder of the Malay kingdom of Malacca (Melaka). Naval battles involving

Batu Pahat, port, Peninsular (West) Malaysia (Malaya), on the Strait of Malacca at the mouth of the Batu Pahat River. It is a fishing town and a distribution centre; and, until the completion of a bridge in 1968, it was a ferry point for road traffic across the river. Sago palms, rubber, coconuts,

Bandar Seri Begawan, capital of Brunei. The city lies along the Brunei River near its mouth on Brunei Bay, an inlet of the South China Sea on the northern coast of the island of Borneo. Bandar Seri Begawan was once predominantly an agricultural trade centre and river port. After suffering extensive

Sri Aman, market town and port, East Malaysia (northwestern Borneo), on the Lupar River. Situated in one of the few major agricultural areas of Sarawak, it is a trade centre for timber, oil palms, rubber, and pepper. Sri Aman has an airstrip and a road link to Kuching, 80 miles (129 km)

Bandar Abbas, port city on the Strait of Hormuz and Iran’s premier maritime gateway. It also serves as the capital of Hormozgān province. It lies on the northern shore of Hormuz Bay opposite the islands of Qeshm, Lārak, and Hormuz. The summer climate is oppressively hot and humid, and many

Sirimavo Bandaranaike: Her son, Anura P.S.D. Bandaranaike, was first elected to parliament in 1977 and had become the leader of the SLFP’s right-wing faction by 1984. He was frustrated in his bid to become the party’s leader, however, by his sister Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga, who held left-wing views and…

Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga is a member of a prominent Sri Lankan political family, who was the first woman to serve as the country’s president (1994–2005). Chandrika Bandaranaike was the daughter of two former prime ministers. Her father was S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike, founder of the socialist

S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike was a statesman and prime minister of Ceylon (1956–59), whose election marked a significant change in the political history of modern Ceylon. Educated at the University of Oxford, he was called to the bar in 1925. After returning to Ceylon, he entered politics and, in 1931,

Sirimavo Bandaranaike was a stateswoman who, upon her party’s victory in the 1960 general election in Ceylon (later Sri Lanka), became the world’s first woman prime minister. She left office in 1965 but returned to serve two more terms (1970–77, 1994–2000) as prime minister. The family she founded

Sirimavo Bandaranaike was a stateswoman who, upon her party’s victory in the 1960 general election in Ceylon (later Sri Lanka), became the world’s first woman prime minister. She left office in 1965 but returned to serve two more terms (1970–77, 1994–2000) as prime minister. The family she founded

Sirimavo Bandaranaike was a stateswoman who, upon her party’s victory in the 1960 general election in Ceylon (later Sri Lanka), became the world’s first woman prime minister. She left office in 1965 but returned to serve two more terms (1970–77, 1994–2000) as prime minister. The family she founded

S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike was a statesman and prime minister of Ceylon (1956–59), whose election marked a significant change in the political history of modern Ceylon. Educated at the University of Oxford, he was called to the bar in 1925. After returning to Ceylon, he entered politics and, in 1931,

History of film: France: …1963; Bande à part [Band of Outsiders], 1964; Une Femme mariée [A Married Woman], 1964). With Masculin féminin (1966), Godard turned from narrative to cinema verité-style essay, and his later films became increasingly ideological and structurally random (Made in U.S.A., 1966; Deux ou trois choses que je sais d’elle…

Vande Mataram, poem by Bengali writer Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, which became a rallying cry in the Indian Independence Movement. It became popular after being published in his novel Anandamath (1882; “The Abbey of Bliss”), although it may have been composed much before the novel was written. Part

numbat, (Myrmecobius fasciatus), marsupial mammal of the family Myrmecobiidae, of which it is the sole living representative. The numbat forages by day for termites in woodlands of Australia; it is one of the few diurnal (active by day) Australian marsupials. It has a squat body and a small pointed

cat snake: …most common species is the banded cat-eyed snake (L. annulata), which is found over the entire range of the genus. These snakes are light brown in colour with dark brown spots or blotches on the back, and they typically grow to 0.5–0.8 metre (1.6–2.6 feet), though specimens of 1.1 metres…

coal: Banded and nonbanded coals: … is employed to distinguish between banded coals and nonbanded coals. Banded coals contain varying amounts of vitrinite and opaque material. They are made up of less than 5 percent anthraxylon (the translucent glossy jet-black material in bituminous coal) that alternates with thin bands of dull coal called attritus. Banded coals…

gabbro: Banded, or layered, gabbroic complexes in which monomineral or bimineral varieties are well developed have been described from Montana, the Bushveld in South Africa, and the island of Skye. There are also gabbro complexes that are locally streaky and inhomogeneous and are not regularly layered,…

gecko: The banded gecko (Coleonyx variegatus), the most widespread native North American species, grows to 15 cm (6 inches) and is pinkish to yellowish tan with darker bands and splotches. The tokay gecko (Gekko gecko), native to Southeast Asia, is the largest species, attaining a length of…

krait: The banded krait (Bungarus fasciatus) of Southeast Asia grows to 2 metres (6.6 feet), and other species commonly reach more than a metre in length. All have bodies that are strongly triangular in cross-section. Some are boldly coloured in bands of black and white or yellow;…

linsang: …African linsang (Poiana richardsoni), the banded linsang (Prionodon linsang), and the spotted linsang (Prionodon pardicolor) vary in colour, but all resemble elongated cats. They grow to a length of 33–43 cm (13–17 inches), excluding a banded tail almost as long, and have slender bodies, relatively narrow heads, elongated muzzles, retractile…

mongoose: Natural history: …but others, such as the banded mongoose (Mungos mungo), dwarf mongooses (genus Helogale), and meerkats, live in large groups. Litters usually consist of two to four young.

timber rattlesnake, (Crotalus horridus), species of venomous North American snakes classified in the family Viperidae that inhabit low mountain ridges and upland woods in the eastern United States. Its range extends from New Hampshire along the Appalachian Mountains to northern Florida and, on its

sea urchin: Hatpin urchins, such as Centrostephanus longispinus of the Mediterranean and eastern Atlantic, Diadema (formerly Centrechinus) setosum of the Indo-Pacific, and D. antillarum of Florida and the West Indies, have toxic spines up to 30 centimetres (12 inches) long. The slate-pencil urchin (Heterocentrotus

stilt: The banded, or red-breasted, stilt (Cladorhynchus leucocephala), of Australia, is white with brown wings, reddish breast band, and yellowish legs.

tenrec: The streaked tenrec is about the same size; its fur consists of detachable barbed spines and coarse hairs. The common, or tailless, tenrec (Tenrec ecaudatus) is the largest, weighing 2 kg (4.4 pounds) or more.

heron: …or banded, tiger heron (Tigrisoma lineatum), 75 cm (30 inches) long, of central and northern South America, is a well-known example. Another is the Mexican, or bare-throated, tiger heron (T. mexicanum) of Mexico and Central America.

tiger moth: The larva, known as the banded woolly bear, is brown in the middle and black at both ends. According to superstition the length of the black ends predicts the severity of the coming winter: the shorter the black ends, the milder the weather.

banded-iron formation (BIF), chemically precipitated sediment, typically thin bedded or laminated, consisting of 15 percent or more iron of sedimentary origin and layers of chert, chalcedony, jasper, or quartz. Such formations occur on all the continents and usually are older than 1.7 billion

grémio, any of the organized guilds that were founded during the Moorish occupation of Portugal (714–1249) by men who worked in the same craft and who generally lived on the same street in a given city. Each guild selected a patron saint, usually one who had shared its profession, and designed a

bandeira, Portuguese slave-hunting expedition into the Brazilian interior in the 17th century. The bandeirantes (members of such expeditions) were usually mamelucos (of mixed Indian and Portuguese ancestry) from São Paulo who went in search of profit and adventure as they penetrated into unmapped

Manuel Bandeira was a poet who was one of the principal figures in the Brazilian literary movement known as Modernismo. Bandeira was educated in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, but in 1903 tuberculosis forced him to abandon his dream of becoming an architect. He spent the next several years traveling

Bandeira Peak, peak on the border of Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais estados (states), eastern Brazil. It is part of the Caparaó mountain range and lies about 100 miles (160 km) inland from Vitória city on the Atlantic coast. Until 1962, when Neblina Peak (9,888 feet [3,014 metres]) was discovered,

Manuel Bandeira was a poet who was one of the principal figures in the Brazilian literary movement known as Modernismo. Bandeira was educated in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, but in 1903 tuberculosis forced him to abandon his dream of becoming an architect. He spent the next several years traveling

Bandeira Peak, peak on the border of Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais estados (states), eastern Brazil. It is part of the Caparaó mountain range and lies about 100 miles (160 km) inland from Vitória city on the Atlantic coast. Until 1962, when Neblina Peak (9,888 feet [3,014 metres]) was discovered,

Brazil: The Southeast: mining and coffee: …parties of explorers, known as bandeirantes, traversed them from time to time, capturing and enslaving Indigenous people and searching for precious metals and stones. Some of the bandeirantes settled in the interior and introduced small groups of cattle that eventually expanded into large herds. Cattle raising came to dominate Brazil’s…

Bandelier National Monument, archaeological area and scenic wilderness of the Pajarito Plateau in north-central New Mexico, U.S. It lies along the Rio Grande 20 miles (32 km) west-northwest of Santa Fe. Established in 1916, it occupies an area of 53 square miles (137 square km) and was named for

Adolph Bandelier was a Swiss-American anthropologist, historian, and archaeologist who was among the first to study the American Indian cultures of the southwestern United States, Mexico, and Peru-Bolivia. His works, particularly those relating to the Southwest and Peru-Bolivia, are still of

Matteo Bandello was an Italian writer whose Novelle (stories) started a new trend in 16th-century narrative literature and had a wide influence in England, France, and Spain. A monk, diplomat, and soldier as well as a writer, Bandello was educated at Milan and the University of Pavia. He frequented

milkfish, (Chanos chanos), silvery marine food fish that is the only living member of the family Chanidae (order Gonorhynchiformes). Fossils of this family date from as far back as the Cretaceous Period (145.5 million to 65.5 million years ago). The milkfish is often collected when young and raised

Ukraine: Western Ukraine under Soviet and Nazi rule: …and the younger supporters of Stepan Bandera with actual experience in the conspiratorial underground. The split became permanent after a congress held in Kraków in February 1940, when the Melnyk and Bandera factions developed into separate organizations (OUN-M and OUN-B, respectively) differing in ideology, strategy, and tactics.

Antonio Banderas is a Spanish-born film actor and director whose good looks, sensuality, and emotional range made him a leading international star. Banderas is known for such movies as Evita (1996), The Mask of Zorro (1998), and films that Robert Rodriguez directed, notably Desperado (1995) and Spy

Antonio Banderas is a Spanish-born film actor and director whose good looks, sensuality, and emotional range made him a leading international star. Banderas is known for such movies as Evita (1996), The Mask of Zorro (1998), and films that Robert Rodriguez directed, notably Desperado (1995) and Spy

bullfighting: Performers: …place the barbed darts (banderillas) into the bull in the second act; and of course the matadors, who work the bull and eventually kill it in the bullfight’s final act. Six bulls are usually killed during each corrida; three matadors, whose cuadrillas (team of assistants) consist of two or…

bullfighting: Performers: …the bullfight’s first act; the banderilleros, the assistants on foot who execute the initial capework and place the barbed darts (banderillas) into the bull in the second act; and of course the matadors, who work the bull and eventually kill it in the bullfight’s final act. Six bulls are usually…

printmaking: Germany: Another significant engraver, the Master of the Banderoles, was named after the ribbon scrolls characteristic of his prints, which are more decorative than those of the Master of the Playing Cards.

perciform: Annotated classification: Family Cepolidae (bandfishes) Eocene to present. Cepolids are marine, deepwater fishes, basslike, but large mouth is oblique, eyes large, and dorsal and anal fins long, continuous, and high; caudal fin with long rays; body tapers noticeably or with a long tapering body and are shallow-water and deepwater…

band gap, in solid-state physics, a range of energy levels within a given crystal that are impossible for an electron to possess. Generally, a material will have several band gaps throughout its band structure (the continuum of allowed and forbidden electron energy levels), with large band gaps

bāndhanī work, Indian tie dyeing, or knot dyeing, in which parts of a silk or cotton cloth are tied tightly with wax thread before the whole cloth is dipped in a dye vat; the threads are afterward untied, the parts so protected being left uncoloured. The technique is used in many parts of India,

Dogon: …mountains, and plateaus of the Bandiagara Escarpment. They are mainly an agricultural people; their few craftsmen, largely metalworkers and leatherworkers, form distinct castes. They have no centralized system of government but live in villages composed of patrilineages and extended families whose head is the senior male descendant of the common…

bandicoot, (order Peramelemorphia), any of about 20 species of Australasian marsupial mammals comprising the order Peramelemorphia. (For Asian rodents of this name, see bandicoot rat.) Bandicoots are 30 to 80 cm (12 to 31 inches) long, including the 10- to 30-cm (4- to 12-inch) tail. The body is