Klinefelter syndrome, disorder of the human sex chromosomes that occurs in males. Klinefelter syndrome is one of the most frequent chromosomal disorders in males, occurring in approximately 1 in every 500 to 1,000 males. It results from an unequal sharing of sex chromosomes very soon after

Eddie Murphy: …hit in his first film, 48 Hrs. (1982). He followed with three more box-office successes—Trading Places (1983), Beverly Hills Cop (1984), and The Golden Child (1986). He left Saturday Night Live in 1984 to focus on his film and stand-up career.

JAY-Z: …his 13th studio solo album, 4:44, an extremely candid album that was, in part, a response to Beyoncé’s Lemonade (2016), on which she accused her husband of adultery. He admitted to infidelity on various tracks and also addressed racism and politics. The couple’s albums were both released exclusively on TIDAL—a…

4B movement, South Korean feminist activist movement and political stance defined by four deliberate refusals: bihon (“no marriage”), bichulsan (“no childbirth”), biyonae (“no dating”), bisekseu (“no sex [with men]”). These “four nos” constitute a radical rejection of the heteronormative,

4chan and 8chan (8kun), imageboard websites that are characterized primarily by the anonymity of their users and their loosely moderated, sometimes graphic or extreme content. Imageboards allow participants to post text and photos and to host threaded conversations on topics as varied as music,

mobile telephone: Development of cellular systems: …led to the development of 4G technology. In 2008 the ITU set forward a list of requirements for what it called IMT-Advanced, or 4G; these requirements included data rates of 1 gigabit per second for a stationary user and 100 megabits per second for a moving user. The ITU in…

fourth-generation language (4GL), computer programming language that is intended to be easier for users than machine languages (first-generation), assembly languages (second-generation), and the older high-level languages (third-generation). 4GLs are closer to human language than other high-level

thorium series, set of unstable heavy nuclei comprising one of the four radioactive

Battle of Stalingrad: Hermann Hoth’s Fourth Panzer Army from Army Group B to Army Group A to help in the Caucasus.

Melissa Etheridge: Her later albums included 4th Street Feeling (2012), on which she played all the guitar parts; Memphis Rock and Soul (2016), a collection of classic covers; and The Medicine Show (2019), her 15th studio album. For One Way Out (2021), Etheridge performed songs that she had written decades earlier.

Richard Howe, Earl Howe was a British admiral who commanded the Channel fleet at the Battle of the First of June (1794) during the French Revolutionary Wars. Howe entered the navy in 1740, saw much active service, especially in North America, and was rapidly promoted. By the death of his elder

number symbolism: 5: The sum of the first even and odd numbers (2 + 3) is 5. (To the Pythagoreans 1 was not a number and was not odd.) It therefore symbolizes human life and—in the Platonic and Pythagorean traditions—marriage, as the sum of the female 2…

Black fashion designers are responsible for some of the most iconic garments in fashion history. These five African American designers have left their mark on the world of fashion. list, Black, fashion, African American, designers, clothing, runway, arts, Britannica, Encyclopedia Britannica,

Before you walk over Stockholm’s 50-plus bridges or visit their ABBA museum, you need to put these architectural marvels on your must-see list. From a Neoclassical theater to a Modernist collective housing project to—if you dare—a crematorium that is a mix of both styles, these are the buildings

People attempted to restore these five artworks to their original glory. Unfortunately, they rendered the works unrecognizable. list, art, art restoration, restorations, botched restorations, Ecce Homo, Leonardo da Vinci, Britannica, Encyclopedia Britannica, Encyclopaedia Britannica Cecilia Giménez

With over 4,000 species of parasitic flowering plants in the world, there are a lot of incredible species out there. Here are five of the most impressive. list, encyclopedia, britannica, encyclopedia britannica, list, lists, science, plants, botany, flowers, trees, best, coolest, parasitic,

Jackson Mac Low: …first time when he wrote 5 biblical poems (1954–55). The poems in that series were derived from a haphazard collection of lines from the Hebrew scriptures and included slashes to represent rhythmic silences. The numbers of words and silences per line were determined by the throw of a die. At…

From an ancient mosque to a brand-new entertainment center, these are the buildings you have to see in Turkey’s largest city, Istanbul. Plus, learn the awe-inspiring history behind these buildings and their architects. Earlier versions of the descriptions of these buildings first appeared in 1001

Have you heard of a half house? Been poked by a church made of cacti? Taken a stroll through a university with a wide-open addition? If any of these architectural features surprise you, you need to take a closer look at this list of the five buildings you need to see in Chile. Earlier versions of

Henry Hathaway: Later work: …The Last Safari (1967) and Five Card Stud (1968) received tepid responses from filmgoers, Hathaway scored a major hit with True Grit (1969), an adaptation of Charles Portis’s best seller. For his portrayal of the drunken, cantankerous, but endearing U.S. Marshal Rooster Cogburn, Wayne received a long-denied Oscar. Hathaway’s last…

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that can affect one’s thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. People with the disorder usually experience a combination of psychotic symptoms, including hallucinations, delusions, and disorderly behavior. Because schizophrenia is widely portrayed in an inaccurate

The computer age introduced a new element to businesses, universities, and a multitude of other organizations: a set of components called the information system, which deals with collecting and organizing data and information. An information system is described as having five components. list,

The story collection known as The Thousand and One Nights has long been considered a treasure-house of literary styles and genres—not surprising because it was compiled over a period of several centuries, and it incorporates material from Arab, Persian, Turkish, Greek, and Indian sources. Medieval

Are you wondering about the ethical implications of artificial intelligence? You’re not alone. AI is an innovative, powerful tool that many fear could produce significant consequences—some positive, some negative, and some downright dangerous. Ethical concerns about an emerging technology aren’t

The weapon of choice for these historical women wasn’t beauty, grace, or charm. Instead, they choose to wield cold, hard steel. As in an axe. Or hatchet. Or tomahawk. Thanks in part to such unladylike weapons, these women captured the public’s imagination, inspiring films, books, plays, poems,

While border walls date back to ancient times, they have become of particular note in the 21st century, which has seen a dramatic increase in their number. Proponents claim that they limit illegal immigration, drug smuggling, and terrorism. Critics, however, assert that walls are ineffective and

Trying to colonize an unwilling population rarely goes well. Not surprisingly, the colonial era was filled with conflicts and battles, the outcomes of some of which wound up having greater historical implications other than simply who was victorious. Here are some of interesting and noteworthy

The coronation of the British monarch is one of the oldest and most-storied of ceremonies. It follows an outline that has been in place for more than a millennium. An important part of the service is the coronation regalia, which form the core of the famed—and controversial—British crown jewels.

Presidents’ Day is celebrated in the United States on the third Monday in February, honoring the birthdays of Abraham Lincoln and George Washington. But presidents were born—and died—in all the other months, too. Here are some strange facts and coincidences in the lives and deaths of the U.S.

Flowers are beautiful, cheery, romantic, and a bit complicated! Need a refresher course on all those floral structures? This quick list should do the trick! list, encyclopedia, britannica, encyclopedia britannica, list, lists, flower, flowers, anatomy, stamen, pistil, anther, stigma,

The British East India Company was a private corporation formed in December 1600 to establish a British presence in the lucrative Indian spice trade, which until then had been monopolized by Spain and Portugal. The company eventually became an immensely powerful agent of British imperialism in

The Vikings were raiders, pirates, traders, explorers, and colonizers who traveled far beyond their homeland in Scandinavia between the 9th and 11 centuries. Here are five fast facts to help you better understand them. list, Vikings, pirates, Scandinavia, Scandinavian history, Norse, Norsemen,

Joseph L. Mankiewicz: Films of the 1950s: The World War II thriller 5 Fingers (1952) featured a notable performance by James Mason as a British ambassador’s valet who sells information to the Nazis. It earned Mankiewicz his third Oscar nomination for directing.

A novel might frighten you, make you cry, or put you to sleep. But can a novel spur you to kill? Here are five novels that have been tied to terrible crimes. list, encyclopedia, britannica, encyclopedia britannica, list, lists, books, literature, authors, murder, crime, inspired, Charles Manson,

The harvest season falls at different times of the year depending upon region, climate, and crop, but festivals celebrating its arrival are held the world over. Some are first-fruits festivals that recognize the start of the season and the first crops, while other harvest festivals are celebrations

Liverpool’s history began in 1207, when England’s king chartered a town there. None of these five structures are quite that historic, but all of them capture a vivid sense of the times in which they were built. Earlier versions of the descriptions of these buildings first appeared in 1001 Buildings

Germany’s cultural heritage is expressed through the homes of some of its most recognizable writers, composers, artists, and thinkers. Here are five of the most notable. Earlier versions of the descriptions of these houses first appeared in 1001 Amazing Places You Must See Before You Die, edited by

Titian was recognized as a great painter during his lifetime, and he has retained that standing to this day. Here are five of his masterpieces. Earlier versions of the descriptions of these paintings first appeared in 1001 Paintings You Must See Before You Die, edited by Stephen Farthing (2018).

These five places around the world were integral in the development of the gay and transgender liberation movements that we know today as LGBTQIA+ history. list, Britannica, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Encyclopedia Britannica, LGBTQIA+, places, LGBTQIA+ history, pride Perhaps the most iconic site of

These five artists have combined their Indigenous roots with revolutionary artistic techniques to preserve their cultures in the face of adversity. Through their various media, they represent themselves, their identity, their families, and their tribes. list, Native American, art, pottery,

We owe a number of humanity’s great scientific, mathematical, and technological developments to women—even if they often aren’t given the credit they’ve earned. Here are just five of those women. list, women in STEM, science, technology, engineering, math, Gladys West, Tu Youyou, Mary Golda Ross,

The National Gallery of Australia in Canberra opened in 1982, and its wide-ranging collection comprises tens of thousands of works, including the world’s most significant collection of art by Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islander peoples. This list focuses on five paintings, mostly

A ship consumed by a wave. A government office burning. The paintings of J.M.W. Turner are some of the most dramatic and intense of their time, and there is always more to them than meets the eye. Read on to discover the stories behind the artist’s most fascinating masterpieces. Earlier versions of

Copenhagen’s history reaches back to at least the 10th century, when a village is known to have existed where Denmark’s capital does today. Copenhagen’s architectural heritage is extensive and spans centuries; these five buildings are, relatively speaking, more recent and not always at the top of

You haven’t had enough of notable paintings in the collections of the National Galleries of Scotland, even after reading about 10 of them in a different list? You’re in luck! The National Galleries are the Scottish National Gallery, Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art, and Scottish National

What is today the area occupied by Dublin was first noted in writings by Ptolemy that date to about 140 CE. The earliest proven settlement there was a Norse one in the 9th century. This list provides a snapshot of Ireland’s capital city in more recent years. Earlier versions of the descriptions of

These must-see buildings in Lagos are worth your time, not just for their exterior design but also for the chance they provide to expand your mind. From new musical groups and local artists to trending fashion, you can see it all in a single trip to Lagos. An earlier version of the description of

The Juno spacecraft arrives at Jupiter on July 4, 2016, after a journey of nearly five years and 2.7 billion km (1.7 billion miles). It will be the first space probe to orbit Jupiter since Galileo plunged into that planet’s atmosphere in 2003. list, Jupiter, Juno, space exploration, solar system,

From the Great Market Hall to the Gellért Hotel and Baths, these architectural notables are must-sees while you’re in Hungary. Earlier versions of the descriptions of these buildings first appeared in 1001 Buildings You Must See Before You Die, edited by Mark Irving (2016). Writers’ names appear in

Greenhouse gases are a hot topic (pun intended) when it comes to global warming. These gases absorb heat energy emitted from Earth’s surface and reradiate it back to the ground. In this way, they contribute to the greenhouse effect, which keeps the planet from losing all of its heat from the

Many of us still remember the collapse of the U.S. housing market in 2006 and the ensuing financial crisis that wreaked havoc on the U.S. and around the world. Financial crises are, unfortunately, quite common in history and often cause economic tsunamis in affected economies. Below you will find a

From sunflowers to self-portraits, Vincent van Gogh expressed his view of the world. His many self-portraits show his various physical and emotional states, as reflected in Self-Portrait with Bandaged Ear. More than two days in bed prompted him to paint his experience in Bedroom in Arles. As he

By the middle of the 19th century, Manchester had become one of England’s most important centers of manufacturing. It had also developed a notable cultural and intellectual life that it has retained to this day. This list highlights five paintings worth seeing in Manchester (though none of the

If you haven’t seen these five paintings at the Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery in England’s second largest city—what are you waiting for? Learn about the art and history that lives in this museum in this list, then book your ticket to see them in real life. Earlier versions of the descriptions

Earlier versions of the descriptions of these paintings first appeared in 1001 Paintings You Must See Before You Die, edited by Stephen Farthing (2018). Writers’ names appear in parentheses. list, travel, tourism, sightseeing, Japan, museums, art, Nezu Museum, Tokyo National Museum, Yakushi-ji

The National Museum in Warsaw, which has more than 800,000 artworks in its collection, is just one of Poland’s many important museums. It’s also one of the places where these five paintings can be found. Earlier versions of the descriptions of these paintings first appeared in 1001 Paintings You

The name dinosaur is derived from the Greek words deinos (“terrible” or “fearfully great”) and sauros (“reptile” or “lizard”). It refers to a group of reptiles that thrived on Earth for nearly 180 million years; most went extinct about 66 million years ago. The questions and answers in this list

Reconstruction was the period in U.S. history following the Civil War, from 1865 to 1877, when the country attempted to redress slavery and its legacy and to bring 11 states back into the Union. The questions and answers in this list are taken from the Top Questions sections of the articles on

Marie Curie, Albert Einstein, Donna Strickland—all of them proved their worth as scientists by winning a Nobel Prize. You (probably) haven’t. But maybe you should have. Do you wonder whether you really should have become a physicist? Maybe a chemist? If you ace all of these quizzes, you’ll need to

One of the most common reasons people give for not voting in elections is that they feel their lone vote doesn’t matter. History, however, shows otherwise—especially when it comes to presidential elections, as illustrated by these five extremely close races. list, elections, presidential elections,

The art critic Andrew Graham-Dixon writes of Caravaggio that “[h]e was a violent man, but he lived in violent times, and he was as much sinned against as sinning.” That may be an excuse for a man who was a murderer as well as a hugely influential artist of the late 16th and early 17th centuries,

Incidents of elder fraud and senior identity theft are on the rise. The number of adults over 65 who experienced at least one incident of fraud increased to 78% in 2022 from 69% in 2021, according to AARP. Although some types of scams target seniors by definition (those involving Social Security or

These five places are all historically and architecturally significant buildings unique to Delhi. They offer a physical manifestation of the city’s cultural development through time. Earlier versions of the descriptions of some of these buildings first appeared in 1001 Buildings You Must See Before

Churches in Germany record the long history of Christianity in the country. Here are five of the most spectacular. Earlier versions of the descriptions of these churches first appeared in 1001 Amazing Places You Must See Before You Die, edited by Richard Cavendish (2016). Writers’ names appear in

Intrigued by sports betting, but you don’t like playing the odds—and you recognize that, over time, the house has an edge? Participation in sports betting platforms doesn’t require you to place wagers or evaluate odds. Many sports betting companies are publicly traded, which means you have an

Palaces turned into parks, a great hall built to celebrate the founding of the People’s Republic of China, and a subtle architectural argument against censorship—all places that you can’t miss in Beijing. Earlier versions of the descriptions of these buildings first appeared in 1001 Buildings You

In 1909 Henri Matisse said, “The painter no longer has to preoccupy himself with details. The photograph is there to render the multitude of details a hundred times better and more quickly. Plastic form will present emotion as directly as possible and by the simplest means.” He grabbed that freedom

Here are five facts that will change the way you think about bats. list, animals, bats, flying, mammals, facts, interesting, weird, shocking, surprising, guano Bats are usually divided into two suborders: Megachiroptera (large Old World fruit bats) and Microchiroptera (small bats found worldwide).

Forts can be dull, utilitarian structures, but here are four forts and one group of forts in France that are rich with significance and interest. Earlier versions of the descriptions of these forts first appeared in 1001 Amazing Places You Must See Before You Die, edited by Richard Cavendish

The Moon keeps one side facing Earth because its rotation period is the same as its orbital period. The Earth-facing side, the near side, is splotched with dark spots called maria (Latin for “seas”), which are the remnants of giant volcanic eruptions that happened early in the Moon’s history. There

Jimmy Carter was many things: a person of great compassion and integrity, keen intelligence, and a sweeping decency. He was also deeply suspicious of politics and, despite the popular perception that arose during the Iran hostage crisis, exceedingly tough-minded. Carter’s triumphs with the Camp

As your parents get older, it’s likely they’ll need more help across the board—from handling health problems to managing money, never mind trickier questions of where (and how) they want to live out their last years. But that’s not the hard part. The real challenge comes when you have to talk to

Transit stations are often a place to be passed through on the way to somewhere else. Several, though, are notable enough to warrant a visit. Earlier versions of the descriptions of these transit stations first appeared in 1001 Amazing Places You Must See Before You Die, edited by Richard Cavendish

Christopher Columbus is one of history’s best-known explorers, but there’s a lot about him that might surprise you. Here are five facts you probably didn’t know about Columbus. list, history, christopher columbus, exploration, america, south america, caribbean, weird facts, nina, pinta, santa

Humans have made great strides in spaceflight and space exploration in the relatively short amount of time since such feats were first accomplished. Here we explore five of the most important and memorable moments in spaceflight history. list, encyclopedia, britannica, encyclopedia britannica,

How many of you remember the Brady Bunch episode in which Peter was studying for a biology test? He asked Marcia for help, and she taught him the mnemonic: “A vertebrate has a back that’s straight.” Well, not all vertebrates have straight backs, but all have backbones, or vertebral columns, that

Artificial intelligence may be transforming industries by changing how people do their jobs. Generative AI is creating the most buzz because it’s the most user-friendly—and perhaps you’re already exploring how you can use AI at work. Tools like OpenAI’s ChatGPT and Google’s Gemini can boost your

The ancient Greeks knew the planet Venus by two different names: Phosphorus and Hesperus. Find out more about the second planet from the Sun. list, Venus, solar system, astronomy, space, planetsIf Earth has anything like a twin in the solar system, Venus is it. Venus’s mass is about 0.81 that of

organometallic compound: Historical developments: …nature are the vitamin B12 coenzyme, which contains a cobalt-carbon (Co―C) bond, and dimethylmercury, H3C―Hg―CH3, which is produced by bacteria to eliminate the toxic metal mercury. However, organometallic compounds are generally unusual in biological processes.

carboxylic acid: Unsaturated aliphatic acids: Arachidonic acid is important because the human body uses it as a starting material in the synthesis of two kinds of essential substances, the prostaglandins and the leukotrienes, both of which are also unsaturated carboxylic acids. Examples are PGE2 (a prostaglandin) and LTB4 (a leukotriene).…

prostate cancer: Prevention: …inhibiting an enzyme known as 5-alpha-reductase, which converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone. The drug has been shown to be effective in reducing the number of men with high-risk PSA levels who are diagnosed with prostate cancer; its use is controversial, however, given the unreliability of PSA screening.

cholesterol, a waxy substance that is present in blood plasma and in all animal tissues. Chemically, cholesterol is an organic compound belonging to the steroid family; its molecular formula is C27H46O. In its pure state it is a white, crystalline substance that is odourless and tasteless.

serotonin, biological molecule that acts as a potent vasoconstrictor and neurotransmitter. Serotonin is derived from the amino acid tryptophan. It occurs in the brain, intestinal tissue, blood platelets, and mast cells. It also is a constituent of many venoms, including wasp venom and toad venom.

statin: levels by inhibiting the enzyme HMG-CoA (5-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A) reductase, which is required for cholesterol synthesis. Examples of statins include simvastatin, pravastatin, and lovastatin. Statins are generally quite safe, but side effects may include muscle pain and fatigue. A rare side effect called myopathy, characterized by muscle degeneration, has been associated…

serotonin, biological molecule that acts as a potent vasoconstrictor and neurotransmitter. Serotonin is derived from the amino acid tryptophan. It occurs in the brain, intestinal tissue, blood platelets, and mast cells. It also is a constituent of many venoms, including wasp venom and toad venom.

serotonin, biological molecule that acts as a potent vasoconstrictor and neurotransmitter. Serotonin is derived from the amino acid tryptophan. It occurs in the brain, intestinal tissue, blood platelets, and mast cells. It also is a constituent of many venoms, including wasp venom and toad venom.

thyme: …of its essential oil is thymol, or thyme camphor, which is used in the manufacture of perfumes and dentifrices. Some thyme varieties are grown as ornamental ground covers.

metabolism: Pyrimidine ribonucleotides: …phosphate moiety (reaction [73]) from 5-phosphoribose 1-pyrophosphate (PRPP); PRPP, which is formed from ribose 5-phosphate and ATP, also initiates the pathways for biosynthesis of purine nucleotides and of histidine. The product loses carbon dioxide to yield the parent pyrimidine nucleotide, uridylic acid (UMP; reaction [73]).

hip-hop: American hip-hop in the 21st century: …then supported New York City-born 50 Cent, who achieved multiplatinum status with 2003’s Get Rich or Die Tryin’. However, Dr. Dre remained mostly silent for the remainder of the decade, working on technology for a new brand of headphones. Those efforts would come to fruition with Beats Electronics, a consumer…

Dan Aykroyd: Later roles: …role in the romantic comedy 50 First Dates, which starred Adam Sandler and Drew Barrymore, and reteamed with Curtis for the holiday comedy Christmas with the Kranks. He again paired with Sandler in I Now Pronounce You Chuck & Larry (2007), also starring comedian Kevin James, and in 2013 he…

On June 12, 1967, the United States Supreme Court struck down a law in the state of Virginia prohibiting interracial marriage. The case arose when two Virginians, Mildred Jeter and Richard Loving, got married in June 1958. Because Mildred was of African and Native American ancestry and Richard was

In 2015 Medicare—signed into law on July 30, 1965, by U.S. Pres. Lyndon B. Johnson—reached its 50th anniversary. The watershed legislation allowed people 65 and older (and some younger people with disabilities) to obtain government-sponsored health insurance for hospital stays, routine checkups,

drug: Dose-response relationship: A useful measure is the median effective dose, ED50, which is defined as the dose producing a response that is 50 percent of the maximum obtainable. ED50 values provide a useful way of comparing the potencies of drugs that produce physiologically similar effects at different concentrations. Sometimes the response is…

Anna Kendrick: Acting career: the World (2010), the comedy-drama 50/50 (2011), the musical adventure Into the Woods (2014), the dark horror comedy The Voices (2014), the holiday comedy Happy Christmas (2014), the conspiracy thriller The Accountant (2016), the romantic comedy Mike and Dave Need Wedding Dates (2016), the dark comedy

minimum viable population: Estimating MVP: They created the “50/500” rule, which suggested that a minimum population size of 50 was necessary to combat inbreeding and a minimum of 500 individuals was needed to reduce genetic drift. Management agencies tended to use the 50/500 rule under the assumption that it was applicable to species…

Sheldon Glueck and Eleanor Glueck: …their thoroughly documented findings as 500 Criminal Careers (1930), a pioneering work in the field. Follow-up studies of the same men were published as Later Criminal Careers (1937) and Criminal Careers in Retrospect (1943). The parallel study Five Hundred Delinquent Women (1934), conducted at the Massachusetts Reformatory for Women, together…

Judith Heumann: Disability activism: …referred to as the “504 Sit-in,” attracted international media attention as the government increased pressure on the activists (many of whom were impacted by disability) to leave by cutting off phone lines and water. The protesters’ creative responses to these measures included deaf protesters’ use of sign language to…

September 8, 2016, is the 50th anniversary of the premiere of Star Trek on NBC. The series documented the five-year mission of the crew of the USS Enterprise to “seek out new life and new civilizations, to boldly go where no man has gone before.” Under the command of the charismatic (and frequently

August 1, 2016, marks the 50th anniversary of the Texas Tower shooting, the first mass murder in the United States to unfold on broadcast media as it happened. Having already killed his wife and mother the same day, Charles Whitman, a student and former Marine sharpshooter, took a small arsenal to

51 Pegasi, fifth-magnitude star located 48 light-years away from Earth in the constellation Pegasus, the first sunlike star confirmed to possess a planet. 51 Pegasi, which has physical properties (luminosity and temperature, for example) very similar to those of the Sun, became the focus of