The leaders of the Ashkenazi Hasidic movement were Samuel ben Kalonymos, Judah ben Samuel, and Eleazar ben Judah of Worms, all members of the Kalonymos family who were versed in Kabbalistic traditions. Primary texts included literary works of Eleazar ben Judah and the “Book of the Pious” (Sefer Ḥasidim), ascribed to Judah ben Samuel.