Notable individuals that have been buried in the crypt of Saint Paul’s Cathedral, London, include Horatio Nelson, the British naval commander who won crucial victories in such battles as those of the Nile (1798) and of Trafalgar (1805); Arthur Wellesley, 1st duke of Wellington, Irish-born commander of the British army during the Napoleonic Wars and later prime minister of Great Britain (1828–30); J.M.W. Turner, the revolutionary English landscape painter; Alexander Fleming, the Scottish bacteriologist who discovered penicillin; and Christopher Wren, Saint Paul’s architect. Saint Paul’s Cathedral has also been the site of many of these individuals’ funerals as well as that of former prime minister Winston Churchill’s.