Utqiaġvik

At Barrow, Alaska, U.S., the mean annual air temperature is −12 °C (10 °F), and the thickness is 400 metres (about 1,300 feet). At Fairbanks, Alaska, in the discontinuous zone of permafrost in central Alaska, the mean annual air temperature is −3 °C (27 °F), and…

Barrow was incorporated as a city in 1959; in 2016 the city reverted to its Inupiaq name, Utqiaġvik (meaning “Place for Gathering Edible Roots”). It is connected with Anchorage (725 miles [1,165 km] south) and Fairbanks (500 miles [800 km] south-southeast) by regular air service.…

…where the major settlements include Barrow (at Point Barrow), Kotzebue, Nome, Bethel, Dillingham, Kodiak, and Unalaska—all of which experienced significant population growth in the last quarter of the 20th century. Barrow is the major hub of the North Slope as well as the northernmost town in the United States, and…